Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
метод. посібн..doc
Скачиваний:
6
Добавлен:
18.11.2019
Размер:
609.28 Кб
Скачать

III. Match the English words and word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents:

highly developed протягом століть

output важлива роль

lower proportion високорозвинена

oil and natural gas випуск продукції

to be equivalent to технічні вимоги

domestic oil production менше співвідношення

a vital role нафта та природний газ

technical demands дорівнювати

for centuries внутрішнє виробництво нафти

IV. Decide whether these facts True (t) or False (f):

  1. Britain’s economy is based primarily on public enterprise.

  2. Just over 2% of the British workforce is engaged in economic activity.

  3. Britain has become self-sufficient in energy successfully exploiting oil and natural gas from the Black Sea.

  4. Britain is the world first largest oil producer.

  5. International trade plays a vital role in Britain’s economy.

  6. The oldest branches of industry are chemical, electrotechnical, automobile, aviation and electronics.

  7. Sugar cane is the main source for the development of British industry.

  8. Middlesborough, Newcastle, Sheffield – are the biggest English ports.

  9. Agriculture is one of the largest and most important activities in Great Britain.

  10. Vegetables are grown in Wales and Scotland only.

V. Complete the sentences:

1. …which accounts for 75% of output and nearly 70% of employment.

2. Just over 2% of the British workforce is ….

3. …. self-sufficient in energy, and expects to remain so for years.

4. Britain is the world ninth largest …..

5. …… vital role in Britain’s economy.

6. ……are the oldest branches of industry.

7. The new industries are ……

8. ……. hand in hand with science and technology ……

9.… for the development of British industry.

10. …… in Wales, northern and eastern England, and the British Midlands.

11. Shipbuilding is one of ……

12. ……. and most important activities in Great Britain.

13. The chief grain crops are ……

VI. Answer the following questions using information stated in the text:

  1. What is Britain’s economy based on?

  2. What percentage of the British workforce is engaged in agriculture, in manufacturing?

  3. What are the main sources for Britain’s self-sufficiency in energy?

  4. To what countries does Great Britain export goods and services?

  5. What plays a vital role in Britain’s economy?

  6. What are the oldest branches of Britain’s economy?

  7. What industries belong to the new ones?

  8. What makes Britain a single largest export earner?

  9. What is the main source for the development of British industry?

  10. Where are the biggest centres of iron and steel industries situated?

  11. What is one of the largest and most important activities in Great Britain?

VII. Read the Supplementary Text and summarize it:

The United Kingdom has a developed mixed private- and public-enterprise economy and ranks among the top industrial countries in growth rates, productivity and competitiveness. The Gross National Product (GNP) is growing faster than the population.

The state sector was reduced during the 1980-s and 1900-s owing to policies of privatization, or denationalization, of publicly owned corporations. There was also an improvement in the standard of living. Unemployment and inflation rates were gradually reduced but remained high.

Nowadays, government policies include the close monitoring and frequent adjustment of interest rates; a gradual reduction in the level of direct personal taxation; a reduction in the level of power and influence of national unions in national labour negotiations; the encouragement of wider home ownership an of individual’s share holdings in companies. Considerable emphasis is placed on increased exposure of the economy to market forces. The government controls the production of coal, steel, and ships, it also runs certain utilities, the railways, and most civic aviation.

Public revenues ordinarily fall short of expenditures and are chiefly derived from income taxes, which are highly progressive, and excises. A single graduated income tax was introduced in 1973. Deficits are offset by public borrowing. The country (as well as its capital) is a major world financial and banking centre.