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IX. Tell your peers from Kyiv University of Economics about the economic potential of your native city. Try to be persuasive, give as many facts as you can. Unit 6. Economy of Great Britain

I. Words and word combinations to remember:

primarily переважно

private enterprise приватне підприємство

to account for відповідати за, складати

employment зайнятість населення

workforce робоча сила

to be engaged in бути зайнятим, займатися

manufacturing обробна промисловість

self-sufficient самодостатній

EC (European Community) ЄС (Євросоюз)

national output внутрішній валовий продукт

to expect очікувати, сподіватися

domestic внутрішній, вітчизняний

to make up становити, складати

metallurgy металургійна промисловість

hand in hand поряд, пліч-о-пліч

to meet demands відповідати вимогам

coal basin вугільний басейн

sheep farming розведення овець

cattle farming розведення ВРХ

dairying виготовлення та обробка молочної продукції

II. Read the text and be ready to do the tasks: e conomic Structure of Great Britain

Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country.

Britain’s economy is based primarily on private enterprise, which accounts for 75% of output and nearly 70% of employment. Just over 2% of the British workforce is engaged in agriculture, a lower proportion than in any other leading industrial country.

By successfully exploiting oil and natural gas from the North Sea, Britain has become self-sufficient in energy, and expects to remain so for years. Exports, mainly to other EC countries, are equivalent to over half of domestic oil production. Britain is the world ninth largest oil producer and the fifth largest gas producer.

International trade plays a vital role in Britain’s economy. Exports of goods and services make up around 25% of national output.

Coal-mining, metallurgy, textile, shipbuilding are the oldest branches of industry. The new industries are chemical, electrotechnical, automobile, aviation and electronics. The new industries have developed hand in hand with science and technology and are equipped to meet present technical demands. Britain’s chemical industry is the third largest in Western Europe, and it exports nearly 50% of production, making it Britain’s single largest export earner.

Coal is the main source for the development of British industry. The biggest centres of iron and steel industries are situated in the neighbourhood of coal basins – Middlesborough, Newcastle, Sheffield, Glasgow, and Cardiff. The major areas of steel production are in Wales, northern and eastern England, and the British Midlands.

Big cities and towns, such as London, Glasgow, Manchester, Liverpool, Newcastle, Sheffield, and Birmingham have enterprises of nearly all branches of industry – old and new.

London, Liverpool, and Glasgow – are the biggest English ports. Shipbuilding is one of the principal industries of Great Britain. For centuries this country has been the leading shipbuilder in the world.

Agriculture is one of the largest and most important activities in Great Britain. The greater part here is used for sheep farming, cattle farming and dairying. Vegetables are grown in all parts of the country. The chief grain crops are wheat, oat and barley.