- •Contents
- •Предисловие
- •Unit 1. Careers
- •I. Lead-in
- •II. Study the vocabulary
- •III. Read and translate the text
- •IV. Answer the following questions about the text
- •V. Find words according to the definitions. The words go across, down and up
- •VI. Before reading the article from the “Financial Times” answer the questions:
- •VII. Read the article and go back to ex.VI. Has your opinion changed after reading this article? Making the most of the midlife crisis
- •VIII. Imagine that each paragraph in the article has a heading. Choose the best heading for each paragraph from the list below and number them in the correct order
- •IX. Choose the correct alternative. Then comment on the verb tenses in italics
- •X. A friend of yours is having a midlife crisis. Which of these things would you recommend and why?
- •XI. Render the following text into English Разрешите представиться – Лука Петрович Иванов
- •Unit 2. Selling online
- •I. Lead-in
- •II. Study the vocabulary
- •III. Read and translate the text
- •IV. Answer the following questions about the text
- •V. Read the definitions. Then put the anagrams in the correct order. The first letter of each word is in bold
- •VI. Before reading the article from the “Financial Times” answer the questions:
- •VII. Read this article from the “Financial Times” How to make money from internet news operations
- •VIII. Say ‘true’ or ‘false’. If ‘false’, correct the sentence. Rely on the information from the text
- •IX. Choose the alternative that best explains the word(s) in italics
- •X. Discuss the following questions
- •XI. Render the following text into English Развитие электронной коммерции
- •Unit 3. Companies
- •I. Lead-in
- •II. Study the vocabulary
- •III. Read and translate the text
- •IV. Answer the following questions about the text
- •V. Suggest the terms according to the following definitions
- •VI. Study the scheme 1. Imagine that you are a member of one of the departments and suggest your ideas about the functions of this department
- •VII. Before reading the article from the “Financial Times” answer the questions:
- •VIII. Read the article from the “Financial Times” and express the main idea of the text One furniture store fits all
- •IX. Use the correct form of words from the article to complete the statements about companies and markets
- •X. Discuss the following questions
- •XI. Render the following text into English Как организовать семейный бизнес
- •Unit 4. Great ideas
- •I. Lead-in
- •II. Study the vocabulary
- •III. Read and translate the text
- •IV. Answer the following questions about the text
- •V. Match the words to their definitions
- •VI. Read the article and define the main idea
- •VII. Say ‘true’ or ‘false’. If ‘false’, correct the sentence. Rely on the information from the text
- •VIII. Choose the correct alternative
- •IX. You are the boss of a company where a regional manager is against an innovative product that you are trying to introduce on to the market. What would you do and why?
- •X. Render the following text into English Разлагаемые кредитные карты
- •Unit 5. Stress
- •I. Lead-in
- •Stress? What stress?
- •II. Study the vocabulary
- •III. Read and translate the text
- •IV. Answer the following questions about the text
- •V. Complete these sentences with the words from the box
- •VII. Read the article and list all the types of food mentioned in the article The stress-free diet
- •VIII. Say ‘true’ or ‘false’. If ‘false’, correct the sentence. Rely on the information from the text
- •IX. Discuss the following
- •X. Render the following text into English Стресс от работы и методы борьбы с ним
- •Unit 6. Entertaining
- •I. Lead-in
- •What’s your Price?
- •II. Study the vocabulary
- •III. Read and translate the text
- •IV. Answer the following questions about the text
- •V. The phrases below all include the word corporate. Match them to their correct meanings
- •VI. Before reading the article from the “Financial Times” answer the questions.
- •VII. Read the article Doing business and having fun
- •VIII. Which do you think are the best ones for corporate entertainment? Why?
- •IX. Make a summary of the text
- •X. Render the following text into English Как сплотить коллектив?
- •Unit 7. Marketing
- •I. Lead-in
- •II. Study the vocabulary
- •III. Read and translate the text
- •IV. Answer the following questions about the text
- •V. Match the words to form compound nouns according to the following definitions as in the example
- •VI. Before reading the text think of two or three companies/products that you associate with each of the colours below: red, blue, green, yellow, brown, purple, orange
- •VII. Read and translate the text First impression last
- •VIII. Choose some of the following businesses and discuss what corporate colour(s) would be most appropriate for them. You could also discuss other businesses
- •IX. Render the following text into English
- •Unit 8. Planning
- •I. Lead-in
- •II. Study the vocabulary
- •III. Read and translate the text
- •IV. Answer the following questions about the text
- •V. Find words according to the definitions. The words go across, down and up
- •VI. Before reading the article from the “Financial Times” answer the questions
- •VII. Read the article from the “Financial Times” and express the main idea of the text Personal time management for busy managers
- •VIII. Number the paragraph summaries in the correct order. Two of the summaries are not used
- •IX. Use the correct form of words from the article to complete the definitions
- •X. How would you answer the two questions in the first paragraph?
- •XI. Render the following text into English Искусство управления временем
- •Unit 9. Managing people
- •I. Lead-in
- •II. Study the vocabulary
- •III. Read and translate the text
- •IV. Answer the following questions about the text
- •V. How can you describe these pictures according to theory X and y?
- •I won’t work. Hurrah, work!
- •VI. Match the words to their definitions
- •VIII. Which theory do you prefer?
- •IX. Render the following text into English Психологические теории мотивации персонала
- •Unit 10. Conflict
- •I. Lead-in
- •II. Study the vocabulary
- •III. Read and translate the text
- •IV. Answer the following questions on the text
- •V. Read the definitions. Then put the anagrams in the correct order. The first letter of each word is in bold
- •VII. Read and analyse the article Negotiating by e-mail
- •VIII. Imagine that each paragraph in the article has a heading. Choose the best heading for each paragraph from the list below and number them in the correct order. Two of the headings are not used
- •IX. Choose the correct alternative
- •X. Are face-to-face meetings necessary when you do business with someone? Or can everything be done by phone and e-mail?
- •XI. Render the following text into English Как избежать конфликтов на работе Елена Егорова
- •Unit 11. New business
- •Lead-in
- •II. Study the vocabulary
- •III. Read and translate the text
- •IV. Answer the following questions about the text
- •V. Complete these sentences with the words from the box
- •VI. Read the following text and find out how to write a business plan
- •VII. Read these extracts and decide which sections of the checklist they come from.
- •IX. Read the article a price that's hard to refuse
- •X. Which of these ideas are mentioned in the article? When you launch a new product, think carefully about
- •XI. Use the correct form of verbs or phrasal verbs from the article to complete the expressions
- •XII. Think of a company that had success with an original idea and that became less successful. Why did this happen?
- •XIII. Render the following text into English Как государство контролирует цены?
- •Unit 12. Products
- •I. Lead-in
- •II. Study the vocabulary
- •III. Read and translate the text
- •IV. Answer the following questions about the text
- •V. Complete the crossword
- •VI. Making luxury goods available to consumers at affordable prices is a very powerful marketing idea. Can you think of examples when retailers or manufacturers have done this?
- •VII. Before reading the article from the “Financial Times” answer the questions
- •VIII. Read the article and go back to ex.VII. Has your opinion changed after reading this article New medical products
- •IX. Number the paragraph summaries in the correct order. Two of the summaries are not used
- •X. Use the correct form of words from the article to replace the words in italics
- •XI. Render the following text into English Зачем создают псевдоиностранные бренды?
- •Список литературы
- •Job application
- •Writing essays
- •Writing a summary
- •Тексты для реферирования
- •Entrepreneurs
- •Brand Wars
- •If the Price is Right
- •Looking after the twenty percent
- •Bright Ideas
- •She's the Boss
- •The Death of Economics
The Death of Economics
The world economy is falling apart. And no one has a clue what's going wrong - least of all the economists.
Whereas in the past, supply and demand had a way of evening themselves out, we now swing from hyperinflation to soaring unemployment as slump follows boom. The once predictable business cycles which drive the market economy have gone out of control. The economic statistics issued by governments seem more unreliable than ever. And, for the first time, politicians have started talking about “the death of economies”.
Speculative Greed
A major cause of the crisis has been the business sector's ruthless pursuit of capital. It was largely corrupt property speculators and poorly managed financial institutions that caused the collapse of the Japanese economy in the 90s and the subsequent “Asian meltdown”. The dotcom boom at the beginning of the 21st century was also motivated by short-term speculative greed. More money actually changes hands in four and a half days on the global currency markets than is exchanged annually through trade in merchandise and services. Business, it seems, is a very slow way to make money. The fastest way to make money is money.
Merger-mania
Two decades of bigger and bigger mergers and acquisitions have compounded the problem. In 1997 alone $1.6 trillion were spent on M&As. For the board members and shareholders of the companies concerned, there were huge windfall profits to be made, but for the companies themselves it was not always good news. Nor was it good news for the thousands laid off as a result of bringing ex-competitors together. In the new globalised economy, the need to grow at all costs has also led companies like Enron and WorldCom to become increasingly creative in their accounting methods. In some companies, hiding debts to finance acquisitions has become common practice.
Different Worlds
But the real long-term crisis is the widening gap between rich and poor. Thirty per cent of the world's population represents ninety per cent of the world's GDP, whilst the other seventy per cent have to survive on the remaining ten per cent. The income ratio between the richest and poorest countries went from 30:1 in 1960 to 74:1 in 1997 - and it's getting worse. So it isn't trade deficits, post-communist chaos or the global arms build-up that pose the greatest threat to the world economy. Nor is it political instability in Africa and the Middle East, international terrorism or the Latin American debt crisis. It is the emergence throughout both the developed and developing world of a vast and permanent underclass of seriously poor.
Cheap Labour from the East
In some cities in Central and Eastern Europe, unemployment is running as high as eighty per cent. Wages have fallen so far behind escalating inflation that immigration controls in the West have had to be tightened to prevent an influx of workers from the East. But, of course, this hasn't stopped some Western companies exploiting cheap labour in both Eastern Europe and South-East Asia, and putting their own employees out of work.
The Working Poor
In the USA, where unemployment benefit is cut after six months and staying out of work is not an option, they are creating jobs at the cost of decreased incomes. For in many of the inner cities of the USA they have something approaching a Third World economy. According to the latest figures, 12.7% of Americans currently live below the poverty-line. The problem is not so much unemployment as underemployment, with millions of people in low-paid, dead-end, so-called “McJobs” that have zero prospects.
Corporate Rule
The result of all this is that corporations now exercise an unprecedented influence on the global economy and the distribution of wealth, as the world's governments, powerless to regulate them, become increasingly irrelevant. Near-monopolies like Microsoft are hard to fight and in industries like telecoms, the top ten companies control eighty-six per cent of the market. In fact, half the world's richest institutions are not countries but companies. No wonder then that both countries and companies try to conceal the real figures. As the famous saying goes, “It's often easier to be economical with the truth than truthful about the economy”.
Appendix 4
Список основных сокращений, используемых в деловой корреспонденции:
А/С, а/с, асе. (account current) - текущий счет
adsd (addressed) - адресовано
adse (addressee) - адресат, получатель
ad (advertisement)- рекламное объявление (множ. число - ads)
AOB (any other business) - раздел «разное» в повестке дня собрания
арр. (appendix) - приложение
Attn. (attention) - вниманию (кого-либо)
cc, cc (copies) - указание на адресатов копий письма
CEO (chief executive officer) - исполнительный директор
Co. (company) - компания
contr. (contract) - контракт
Corp. (corporation) - корпорация
cur. 1. (currency) - валюта; 2. (current) - текущий
CV (curriculum vitae) - краткая биография
dd 1. (dated) - датированный; 2. (delivered) - доставленный
Dep., Dept (department) - 1. отдел; 2. министерство
doc. (document) - документы (множ. число - docs.)
eaon (except as otherwise noted) - если не указано иначе
e.g. (exempli gratia, лат.) - например
enc., encl. (enclosed, enclosure) - вложенный, прилагаемый, вложение, приложение (к письму и т. п.)
etc. (et cetera, лат.) = and so on – и т.д.
exc, excl. (except, excluding, exception, exclusion) - исключая, исключение
expn (expiration) - истечение (срока)
fig. (figure) - 1. цифра; 2. рисунок, схема
FY (fiscal year) - финансовый год
h.a. (hoc anno. лат.) - в текущем году
hf. (half) - половина
H.Q., HQ, h.q. (headquarters) - главное управление (компании, организации)
id. (idem, лат.) - тот же
i.e., ie (id est, лат.) - то есть
inc., incl. (including) - включая
Inc, inc. (incorporated) - зарегистрированный как юридическое лицо (корпорация)
info (information) - информация
inv. (invoice) - счет-фактура
IOU (I owe you) - долговая расписка
L/C, l.c., l/c (letter of credit) — аккредитив
LLC (limited liability company) - компания с ограниченной ответственностью
Ltd., ltd. (limited) - с ограниченной ответственностью
LOC (letter of commitment) - гарантийное письмо
mdse (merchandise) - товары
memo (memorandum) - записка
M.O., m.o. 1. (mail order) - почтовый перевод; 2. (money order) - денежный перевод, платежное поручение
N/A (not applicable) - не применимо (напр., пункт в анкете)
N.B., NB (nota bene, лат.) - важное замечание
NC, N.C., n/c (no charge) - бесплатно
o/l (our letter) - (ссылаясь на) наше письмо
PA (power of attorney) - доверенность
р.а. (per annum, лат.) - в год
par. (paragraph) - абзац, параграф, пункт
Plc, PLC (public limited company) - открытая акционерная компания с ограниченной ответственностью
РО (post office) - почтовое отделение
pp. (pages) - страницы
рр, р.р. (per pro, лат.) - от имени и по поручению
qv (quod vide, лат.) - смотри (там-то)
rct (receipt) - расписка, квитанция
rept. (report) - отчет
re (regarding) - относительно
ref. (reference) - ссылка
sig. (signature) - подпись
tn. (ton) - тонна
urgt (urgent) - срочный
v., vs. (versus, лат.) - против
VAT (value-added tax) - НДС
V.I.P., VIP (very important person) - особо важное лицо
v.s. (vide supra, лат.) - см.выше
v.v. (vice versa, лат.) - наоборот
w/o (without) - без
@ - коммерческое at
# (number) - номер (амер.)