47. Method of apperception as a method of treatment of scientific information. Метод апперципирования как метод обработки научной информации.

Reading and summarizing scientific literature, it is necessary to think at once how it will be presented in the text of the paper, course and degree works. It is impossible to copy and retell "by the own words" someone else's texts and to give out for them. The contents should be processed and in the processed look to use in the text. It becomes by means of various theoretical methods and mainly analysis methods. Thus the analysis assumes decomposition of the text, allocation according to a type of the analysis of its separate elements, definition of the leading backbone element, establishment of communications between elements.

The apperception method — consists in simple addition of the knowledge used and taken for axioms of any source with the knowledge directly of this subject.

Apperception - an addiction own judgments on the basis of accepted knowledge. Using this method most often occurs during the formation of "self-judgments."

The choice of method for studying theoretical text based on the formulation of clear research objectives and goals of the analysis, on the understanding of the specifics of the studied text on the technique of a particular type of analysis. Generaly, apperception is method for all mental processes in which a presentation is brought into connection with an already existent and systematized mental conception, and thereby is classified, explained or, in a word, understood; e.g. a new scientific phenomenon is explained in the light of phenomena already analysed and classified. The whole intelligent life of man is, consciously or unconsciously, a process of apperception, in as much as every act of attention involves the appercipient process.

48. Diachromatic method as a method of treatment of scientific information. Диахроматический метод как метод обработки научной информации.

Reading and outlining the scientific literature, you should immediately think about how it will be presented in the text of the essay, term papers and dissertations You can not rewrite and retell "in his own words" other people's texts and issue their own Contents should be handled and processed form to use in your text This is done through a variety of theoretical methods and analysis methods mainly

Diachronic method is a method of studying any ideas, research schools in their historical occurrence, formation and development. Most often used when describing the historical material, writing historical chapters and sections. The method of knowledge consisting in the dismemberment of the evolution of the studied subject (object) into a series of successive real historical time steps and then comparing these temporary states of the object according to certain characteristics of their structure. Diachronic analysis, carried out by a temporary horizontal section reveals certain patterns and trends in the evolution of the subject knowledge. Actively used in many natural sciences (geology, geography, cosmology, biology, anthropology), but especially in the social sciences (history, sociology, cultural studies, and so on.

A diachronic method or analysis concerns itself with the evolution and change over time of that which is studied; it is roughly equivalent to historical. Thus diachronic linguistics is also known as historical linguistics. A synchronic study or analysis, in contrast, limits its concern to a particular moment of time.