26. Describe the subjects and objects of scientific study. Охарактеризуйте субъекты и объекты научного исследования.

The subject of scientific activity operates in modern society on three interacting levels:

1. As an individual - a researcher, scientist, researcher whose work is not necessarily a collaborative nature, but always a universal labor, as it is caused by a part of the co-operatives contemporaries, using part of the work of predecessors. Thus, the scientist - is not an abstract individual, or "epistemological Robinson," but a "product" of social and historical development; his individual creative activity, being sufficiently autonomous, at the same time always socially determined.

2. The staff, the scientific community, in which the integration of many minds, that is, it acts as an "aggregate scientist" (laboratory, institute, academy et al.)

3. Society as a whole, to the fore here put forward the problem of social organization of science and its characteristics in different socio-economic structures

The object of scientific activity becomes so only because of the active material and practical and theoretical work of the researcher. Historian and philosopher of science Kosarev noted that the subject of science is a certain type of man's relationship to the world and to himself, that is, world through the prism of a certain type of activity One and the same object of knowledge can be the basis for the formation of the subject of a number of sciences, for example, a person was the subject of hundreds of studies of sciences, natural and socio-humanitarian, the same can be said about such objects as language, science, technology, and so on

27. Interpretation of the basic concepts used in the research work. Интерпретация основных понятий, используемых в научно-исследовательской работе.

The language of science is very specific. There are many concepts and terms that have circulated in the scientific activity. Constitute the basis of language words and words of terminology:

Abstract of the thesis - scientific publication in the form of a booklet containing taining the author abstracts compiled his research.

Analogy - reasoning, in which the similarity of two objects by some

eye featured conclusion about their similarities and on other grounds.

Relevance of the topic - the degree of its importance at the moment and in this situation to solve this problem.

Aspect - the angle of view from which to consider the object the study.

Hypothesis - a scientific hypothesis put forward to explain ANY KIND

or phenomena.

Deduction - kind of reasoning from the general to the particular, when the weight of the particular tions cases to generalize about the entire set of such cases.

Thesis - scientific work, made in the form of manuscripts,

scientific report published monograph or textbook. Serves as a qualifying work designed to demonstrate the scientific and research level study presented for the degree.

Induction - kind of reasoning from particular facts, to the general provisions

conclusions.

The object of study - the process or phenomenon, generating a problem

situation and selected for the study.

Subject of research - all that is within the boundaries of the object investigated

ment in a particular aspect of the review.