Tsybenov_B_Istoria_i_kultura_daurov_Kitaya_Istoriko-etnograficheskie_ocherki

SUMMARY

This work is about the Daur people and their history, culture, language. Most of Daur people live in Hulun Buir, Inner Mongolia autonomous region and Heilongjiang of China. The small group of Daur people lives in Xinjiang-Uigur autonomous region of China.

At the beginning of work the problems of an origin and ethnic history of Daur people are considered. Opinions about a name origin "Daur" are studied. Some questions of history of Daur clans, processes of formation of ethno territorial groups of Daur people in the XVIIXVIII centuries, separate aspects of Daur-Manchurian and DaurRussian relationship are studied. For example, in work the difficult question about an origin of separate clans of Daur is investigated. Analogies to the Mongolian or Khitan ethnic names are not revealed. Many Daur ethnic names are identical with Manchu and Evenk names. Modern linguistic researches allow assuming that the Mongolspeaking ethnic groups which have appeared around the Amur region allegedly in the twelfth-thirteenths centuries occupied a leading position among the Manchu and Evenk population. These groups were a part of Daur people. Over time Mongol-speaking nomads apprehended economic cultural type of settled farmers.

In work the separate parties of material and spiritual culture of Daurs are described. The comparative analysis with culture of other people (Mongols, Manchus, Evenks, and Chinese) is carried out. For example, features of a design of the Daur dwelling show its direct proximity to Manchurian type of the dwelling. Some features of the Daur dwelling (window existence on west side of the house, a covering of a roof, the name of details of a roof – adjirga niroo, bog niroo, geu niroo) are available for Mongol people. Visual comparison of traditional Daur clothes and kitchen also shows a certain similarity to Manchurian clothes and food. However it is possible to notice that some features of clothes and ways of cooking are available for the Mongol people. In addition of material culture of Daur people the big role was played by their old occupation by agriculture. It had the priority direction in comparison with cattle breeding, hunting and the fishery.

Consideration of the family and marriage relations of Daur people shows their similarity with traditions in the family and

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marriage sphere at Chinese and Manchu people. Wedding ceremonies had the local features at different groups of Daur people. Many details from them are identical to ceremonies the Buryats and Evenks. In relationship terminology along with primordial Daur names, there are a number of the terms indicating their Chinese or Manchurian origin. For example, some words achaa (father), evee (mother), despite their similarity with Turkic, and probably, go back to early Mongolian language.

Now Daur people lose language and culture. However Daur people managed to keep ethnic specifics, such as historical memory, religion, the folklore, a traditional economy. They realize the belonging to the ancient original people, called Daur.

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Образование современных этнотерриториальных групп дауров 66

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