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Пособие Public Law (the last).doc
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Vocabulary work

I. Give the English equivalents of the following word combinations

1. Обычная ответственность. 2. Отягченная ответственность. 3. Двусторонние обязательства (2). 4. Государство правонарушитель (2). 5. Пострадавшее государство (4). 6. Требовать прекращения насилия. 7. Осуществлять силовые действия. 8. Последовательные шаги. 9. Пытаться урегулировать спор мирным путем. 10. Прибегать к ч-л. 11. Отвечать за ч-л. 12. Иметь отношение к ч-л. 13. Вменение в вину государства совершение правонарушения. 14. Материальный и моральный ущерб. 15. Вина (2). 16. Случайные нарушения обязательств. 17. Обязательства, возложенные на государство. 18. По отношению друг к другу. 19. Обязательный элемент. 20. Нарушение прав государства. 21. Репарация. 22. Реституция. 23. Компенсация. 24. Сатисфакция. 25. Начать переговоры. 26. Посредничество. 27. Примирение. 28. Обязательства в соответствии с нормами материального права. 29. Добросовестный. 30. Добросовестность. 31. Гражданский вред. 32. Развязать агрессию. 33. Предварительное условие. 34. Оказывать помощь и поддержку.

II. Match these words making pairs used in the text

1. public

a. convention

2. a codification

b. obligation

3. synallagmatic

c. state

4. a concomitant

d. liability

5. a wrongful

e. interest

6. forcible

f. steps

7. successive

g. factor

8. a reciprocal

h. rules

9. primary

i. relations

10.individual

j. action

III. Complete the sentences with prepositions

1. It is therefore worth taking a quick glance …. the old law before dueling in some depth ….. the recent trends currently shaping ….. in the world community.

2. The old law ….. State responsibility primary consisted of customary rules evolved …. ….. the practice of States and a wealth of cases brought ….. international arbitral tribunal.

3. A committee of jurists appointed by the League Council concluded that one of the seven topics ripe ….. codification was “Responsibility ….. States …… Damages done in their Territory ….. the Person or Property of Foreigners”.

4. If a State violated an obligation imposed ….. an international rule it had to make reparation ….. the breach; alternatively, the injured State was entitled …. resort ….. self-help.

5. Another feature of traditional law is that accountability …… international wrongs hinged ….. the concept of “collective responsibility”, that is, the bulk of international rules provided that only States as such could be held accountable ….. any contrary ….. international rules, performed by a State officials.

6. In the case of “Aggravated responsibility” the breach results ….. the infringement of a State’s right ….. compliance by any other State (or contracting State) …… the obligation.

7. For the purpose of imputation of a wrongful act …… a State, normally one must first establish whether the individual who materially committed the breach has the Status of State official ……. the national legal system of a particular State.

8. Foreign nationals and foreign States are not expected or required to be cognizant in each case of the allotment …… powers …… various State officials.

9. American nationals, following a labour dispute, were threatened ….. a mob of Mexican nationals ….. the request of the mayor …… the town Mexican troops were sent to quell the riot and put an end …… the attack …… the Americans.

10. However the troops, ….. arriving ….. the scene of the riot, instead ….. dispersing the mob, opened fore …… the house where the Americans had withdrawn. The Mexico-US General Claims Commission found Mexico responsible.

11. Material damage is any prejudice caused ….. the economic or patrimonial interests ….. a State or its nationals: moral damage is any breach …… a State’s honour or dignity.

12. If restitution is not possible, the delinquent State must make compensation, ……. Article 37 of ILC Draft (2000) this obligation means that the responsible State must compensate ……. the damage caused thereby, insofar as such damage is not made good ….. restitution.

13. A wrong causing moral damage may be redressed …… satisfaction, which …… Article 38(2) and (3) of ILC Draft (2000) “may consist ….. an acknowledge ….. the breach, an expression of regret, a formal apology or another appropriate modality” but shall not be ……. proportion ….. the injury and may not take a form humiliating …… the responsible State.