4. Complete these sentences with prepositions.

p.1-3

1. Most states have written constitutions that lay _________the fundamental principles regulating social intercourse.

2. When this community came ______ existence, no state set _____ any fundamental principles _____ regulating international dealings.

3. No general, overarching principle was agreed _______.

4. In spite of the great impact _____ the Charter principles _____ the evolution of the international community, it gradually emerged ______ the 1960s that they were too loose.

5. They make ____ the apex ____ the whole body of international legislation.

6. Acts performed ____ state officials ___ international relations must be imputed not _____ the individuals acting ___ behalf __ the state, but to the State itself.

7. Legal equality implies that no member ___ the international community can be placed _____ a disadvantage: all must be treated ______ the same footing.

8. A State may not exercise its sovereign powers ______, or otherwise interfere ______, actions legally performed ____ foreign states _______ its territory.

9. A state may not carry ______ the following act: submit ____ the jurisdiction _____ their courts foreign states ____ acts performed ____ their sovereign capacity.

10. Measures ____ constraint may be taken _______ property or assets destined ____ a private function.

p.3-5

11. One of the specific customary rules prohibits a state ____ interfering ____ the internal organization ____ a foreign state.

12. One may wonder whether international law bans the resort ____ powerful States ____ more subtle forms ____ undue interference.

13. Respect ____ human rights derives its most solid guarantee ___ the UN system.

14. The same right accrues ____ peoples subjected ____ foreign military occupation, _____ their obtaining or recovering independence.

5. Use these nouns and verbs in sentences of your own, mind the stress.

Verb	Noun
to import	‘import (зд. значительность, важность)
to conduct	‘conduct
to increase	‘increase
to impact (прочно укреплять)	‘impact
to subject	‘subject

6. Translate the sentences paying attention to the meaning of ‘subject’

Subject (n) - [‘s∧bdʒikt]-1.предмет; 2.субъект

To be subject to (a)-1.быть подверженным; 2.подвергаться, подлежать

To subject (v) to [sәb’dʒekt]--1.подчинять; 2.подвергать

1. The same right accrues to people subjected to foreign military occupation, after their obtaining or recovering independence.

2. Some racial groups have been subject to discrimination in being denied equal access to government.

3. International subjects must comply with principles governing International relations.

Grammar revision

7. Translate these sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the underlined words.

1. All States are equally free to do what they like provided they abide by certain rules of the game.

2. It should not be thought that the mere fact of being included in the list proclaimed in the Declaration upgrades a standard of behavior to the rank and status of a universal and fundamental principle.

3. It also is necessary for the standard to be laid down in a set of norms of general import.

4. Of the various fundamental principles regulating international relations, this is unquestionably the only one on which there is unqualified agreement.

5. This being so, what is its present purport?

6. Consequently individuals cannot be brought to trial and punished by foreign states for any official act, if such happens to be contrary to international law.

7. It follows that it is not for courts, but for the organs responsible for foreign affairs, to take matters relating to foreign acts into their hands and use diplomatic channels to discuss, or argue over, them with the foreign state concerned.

8. Yet another rule enjoins states to refrain from instigating, organizing, or officially supporting the organization on their territory of activities prejudicial to foreign countries.

9. Another customary rule stipulates that whenever a civil war breaks out in a foreign country, states are duty-bound to refrain from assisting insurgents, unless they qualify for the status of national liberation movements.

10. Arguably, economic force is proscribed when used as a means of compelling a state to adopt a course of action contrary to its will and advantageous to the coercive state.

11. That this principle was proclaimed and strongly emphasized in 1945 is hardly surprising.

12. The UN Charter obliges member states to settle their international disputes peacefully so as generally to prevent peace and security, as well as justice, being imperiled.

13. Consequently, the principle is breached whenever a state willfully and mali fide refuses to resort to negotiations or other peaceful means or procedures proposed by the counter-party, or after the failure of a particular means or procedure, agreed upon by the contending parties refuses to continue to seek a settlement, or takes action that is likely to aggravate the dispute or jeopardize peace.