СБОРНИК -Россия 21 век
.pdfand CIS countries; component of all tariffs in the cost of production enterprises of the Far East is more than 70%, making it uncompetitive. Were a consequence of a deep decline in production and the outflow of qualified personnel in other regions of Russia and countries; violation of traditional transport links people in the region due to increased cost of passenger transport, as well as curtailment of transportation benefits for northerners contributed to increased feelings of "isolation" from their historical homeland, and the decision to leave the region; reduction of centralized investments in the region intensified the decline in production and curtailment of social programs facilitated the emergence of the population feeling "unnecessary" in the region; economic opportunity for future growth in the deformation structure of production, based on extractive industries; the presence of structural unemployment; low real income of the population that do not provide the cost of living and a good rest; reduction of the level and quality of life, which occurs at a higher rate than the average for Russia.
Threats, risks and prospects of migration development
Migration processes have an impact on national security. Today, in a massive outflow of population from the Far Eastern territory and influx of Chinese citizens we should think about the safety of these areas in the Russian Federation. China pursues a quiet expansion in the Far East. Number of offenses on the part of Chinese citizens significantly increases (e.g. illegal use of resources by Chinese citizens). To prevent the Chinese influence in the Far East a serious migration control must be organized.
Even Count Muraviov wrote to the tsar that some guns and soldiers can not keep these territories – you need to develop their economy. A hundred years ago Stolypin said that ignoring the Far East would be a manifestation of a huge public extravagance. Today, we understand that to keep people on the eastern outpost and bring here "fresh blood" certain incentives and bonuses are necessary, starting from compensation for the costs. Among the desirable measures of state support various experts name a free high-quality medical care and free higher education, subsidies for utility costs and housing.
Despite the fact that Far-Eastern Federal district has received considerable attention as the federal government, as well as regional, nevertheless the situation in the region varies only slightly: 64% of people do not notice the change, and 10% say the deterioration of the situation. Every fourth pointed to positive changes the situation compared to last year. Next year improvement predicts 43% of the Far Eastern residents, the aggravation of problems to expect one in ten (11%). In fact, the situation is unlikely to change to 40%.According to residents, to increase the effectiveness of regional development, special attention must be put by the federal government (73%), and even better – by a special governing body (69%).More than half of the Far East residents, as well as 46% of the students are willing to link their future with the region if it will start a new large-scale "national project".
As a key partner, region's residents see Asian countries – China (59%) and Japan (56%). Moreover, 15% of respondents in the macro-region are ready to stay and live in the region, if they were offered special conditions (high salary – 47% among those who agree on special conditions, solution of housing problems – 37% tax exemption (15%).The majority of respondents (78%) believe that the region has unique qualities, and only when the centralized control he can develop.
Migration processes have always played and continue to play a crucial role in the formation of population size and structure of the Far East, and in the development of the regional economy and social infrastructure.
Today there is a question how to stop or slow down the process migration outflow from the territory of the Far East. The migration situation in the Far East is characterized by three main areas: intra-regional migration, due to which the flow of population from northern to southern; interregional migration, which is characterized by the fact that the population is leaving Eastern Federal District and sent to the central regions of Russia; migration exchange the Russian Far East with the countries of the CIS, Baltic States and abroad, leading to an influx of immigrants into the territory of the Far-Eastern Federal district. Migration growth remains negative.
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Due to the research made by the “Children and Grown-ups” NGO, migration affects interethnic (international) relations within Russia as well as between interregional relationships (the RF and East Asian countries).
Respondents, especially students, expressed their great interest to interethnic (international) relations for modern Russia’s development.
As the sociological research states, the most actual problem of interethnic (international) relations for Russia is migration from the CIS countries (Uzbekistan, Tadzhikistan, Kirgizstan). Migration from the North Caucasus republics (Dagestan, Ingushetia, Chechnya, etc) and East Asian countries (China,Vietnam, etc) is not considered to be important. So, to be a success in cooperation on the world market Russia should solve its migration problem and mind stable interethnic and international relations.
References
1.RIA Novosti, http://ria.ru/spravka/20150119/1043265605.html
2.Долган, А.Г. Программа профилактики межнациональных конфликтов, дисбаланса и непонимания между народами Хабаровского края: методические рекомендации для образовательных учреждений всех уровней, НКО, учреждений дополнительного образования / А.Г. Долган, А.Ю. Завалишин, А.С. Ким, Н.Б. Москвина, Л.Н. Фарафонова, В.Р. Федорова, Е.Н. Челканова / под науч. ред. д-ра социол. Наук А.Ю. Завалишина. – Хабаровск : РИЦ ХГАЭП, 2014 – 48 с.
Nagapetyan Artur
Far Eastern Federal University
Deformation for pricing financial instruments.
Autonomous self-regulation in emerging markets
Paternalistic policy is becoming more popular. On the one hand we see formal preservation of freedom, but on the other hand, there are transformations of the legal framework, manipulations of public opinion, and other methods that it restricted. The State believes that people are irrational and cannot make useful decisions, therefore governments try to determine the course of development and implement them in life. But we need to understand the danger of such determination in our world. The state wants to defer responsibility for the crisis on the non-rationality of economic agents. We show that the crisis can be explained in other ways, it helps to understand how it can be avoided. We see, that the state's inability to guarantee own warranties (as the case with guarantee quality cans labeled "by state guarantee quality" or mortgage-backed securities with the same text) lead to deformations in all market processes and the existence of inefficient institutions and organizations.
BACKGROUND
According to S. Guriev, one of the prerequisites of the current crisis is the disparity between the level of economic and financial development in developing countries, which caused a succession of global imbalances in the global economy [3].
In the last few years these opinions highlight are not only in the foreign literature, but there are also in the legal field, which has been called the "new" paternalism. The most complete of these materials can be found in articles R. Kapelyushnikov [4]. It is estimated that only five years - from 2005 to 2009 - and only in American law journals appeared about a thousand (!) articles with suggestions inspired by the behaviorist ideas. The essence of these processes can be reduced to the following thesis: if economic agents are not able to maximize their own utility because of the irrational elements in the behavior, the State should define targets instead of their own operations and through
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manipulation, legislation, and other methods to "help" the economic actors to take the so-called "right" decisions.
MODEL
The strategy of economic agent depends on its expectations as well as the level of trust to these expectations. In the theory of rational expectations [1] Demand for assets depends on the expected yield is calculated as potentially possible amount of income multiplied by a measure of risk (probability), which depends on consumer confidence in the fact of income (1).
(1)
D – the demand for the asset
P1 – expected price of the asset in the future
P0 – current price of the asset
R – risk
We also offer to complicate this model by separating the two indicators of risk instead of one, namely the value of obtaining and losing the same unit of potential income (both positive and negative).
Consider the value of $ 1 a possible future income ($ 1 (d)) for the acquisition of value to potential income in the minds of investors and the value of $ 1 a possible future income ($ 1 (R)) in the context of the loss of value to potential losses. How can interpret these concepts? The value of $ 1 (d) depends on trust, and it is from our expectations of how we believe in getting this possible income. What we are sure about it, the more valuable this income for us in our expectations. And also what more we believe in the potential losses, the loss of these for us are of great value. The proposed model determines the demand for asset product of two factors, namely the expected income (the ratio of expected future prices on the current price), which characterizes the rational expectations and efficient component of the market in our model, and relationship value $ 1 possible income in the future in the context of obtaining the value of $ 1 possible income in the future in the context of losses - the second factor, introducing a model component of behavioral finance, which is interpreted as a de facto level of confidence in the processes taking place in the market (2).
(2)
$1d – the value of one dollar possible income (both positive and negative) in the future in the context of obtaining
$1R – the value of one dollar possible income (both positive and negative) in the future in the context of losses
In most studies on this topic, researchers have noted that economic agents differently estimate the value of units possible income and the value of the unit of potential losses, it is important for us that we are talking about the same dollar [2]. We can get it, but we can not get it (which is a loss), and at first glance it is one and the same and it seems contradictory attempt to consider two different forms of property of the same object, but I see that it is in such a way (of course this is just another way of modeling) could be a good idea to interpret a certain class of deformations. Note that in the case where we have introduced the coefficients are equal to each other, we get a situation of absolute rationality: D = P1 / P0 (which is equivalent to the statement that for the rational subject unit value of potential losses or gains must be the same) - (experiment - get (50.100%) or (100.50%) - lose (50,100%) or (100.50%). We want to complement the standard model coefficients demonstrate the effect of strain pricing.
SUGGESTIONS
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We have to admit that the failure of the state to guarantee their own warranties (as the case with guarantee quality canned foods labeled "by state guarantee quality" or mortgage-backed securities with the same text) leads to deformations in all market processes and the existence of inefficient institutions and organizations. We offer to abandon the policy of manipulating public opinion, and do everything to make the people aware of what is happening around [6]. Most importantly, in all cases (especially law) where the state has to do to the trust or his actions lead to the guarantee of any process, it is necessary to closely monitor, ensure that they are not used by economic agents for conscious or unconscious deception of other economic agents, which trusting to government guarantees may lose utility and create distortion in economy.
Developing countries need financial resources. But the risks are higher (eg, Russia) than in developed countries, and therefore play an even greater strain negative role [5]. It is necessary to introduce new models of design and measurement of financial instruments that have endogenous prerequisites that enable financial markets to function in an autonomous mode of self-regulation to combat emerging strains. Using the above models can aid in the identification of both the strains, but also essential innovation in design portion more resistant to deformation tools. Just like financial innovation may allow Russia and other developing countries to attract the necessary resources as new financial centers.
References
1.Dobrokhotov R. Confidence eyes of economists and psychologists (about the book and A.V. Belyanina V.P. Zichenko "Confidence in the economy and public life") // Problems of Economics. 2011. № 5. pp 136-145.
2.Dow Sh. Psychology of financial markets: Keynes, Minsky and behavioral finance // Problems of Economics. 2010. № 1. S. 99-113.
3.Guriev S. Myths of Economics: Misconceptions and stereotypes that distribute media and policy, to - 3rd ed., Refining. - M .: LLC "United Press", 2010. - P. 41.
4.Kapelyushnikov R. Behavioral Economics and the "new" paternalism. Part I // Problems of Economics. 2013. № 9. S. 66-90.
5.Olsevich Yu. Market Psychology and economic power // Problems of Economics. 2011. №
4.S. 99-118.
6.Pyastolov S. Perspektivy prospect theory // Problems of Economics. 2007. № 12. pp 43-59.
Pivovarov Ivan
Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy
and Public Administration,
South Russia Institute of Management
E-learning in Russian universities as a competitive advantage in the global context: the empirical research of application of social networking website in education process
Russian universities presently need to strengthen their competitiveness. The latest world university ranking report has shown that there are no Russian universities at top positions there. In these conditions, there is a potential to increase competitive advantages and e-learning must serve as one of the main drivers to move Russian universities towards the tops.
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The Russian Government is presently struggling with poor education service delivery, which differs in efficiency and quality. According to the initiative of the Ministry of Education, a number of higher education institutions were closed as they were qualified as “inefficient” and this trend is still likely to continue. In these conditions, Russian universities are forced to seek new alternative education services and methods to deliver them to students. This article depicts the implementation of social networking technology in e-learning at full-time study programs as well as evaluation of e- learning by students.
Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this article is to determine the best techniques of delivery of e-learning via social networking. This article also points out factors that motivate and deter student participation in it. Data regarding specific reasons and attitudes for student participation in e-learning via social networks can provide understanding for faculty wishing to add online courses into existing regular classes. Findings are drawn from the author, who teaches full-time courses with the elements of e- learning, as well as from students participating in them.
Literature review
Holmes and Gardner [5] provide an introduction to e-learning, an overview and its applications. Weiser [9] presents a survey paper on the use of social media in e-learning – blogs, wikis, social networking sites. Petrovic et al. [7] researched the educational use of Facebook. They conclude that Facebook is an integral part of their social and academic life. Selwyn [8] also researched how social networks can support the use of technology in education. However, he concluded that despite huge effort students and faculty make only limited use of computer technology. Eteokleous et al. [3] examined and evaluated the role, usefulness and value of social networking, with a focus on developing Special Interest Groups within Facebook. The research of Lee et al. [6] was focused on 3 topics: (1) the use of social networks tools to build social presence, (2) how to design and create e- learning activities in distance education, (3) the use of pedagogical strategies to support distance learners. The idea of Couros [1] was to create an open, transparent and networked learning of participants based on recent trends in social media. Dalsgaard et al. [2] discusses the potential of social networking within cooperative online education. He states that transparency is a unique feature of social networking and provides students insight into each other’s actions. Daalsgard argues that the pedagogical potential of social networking is the possibiliy to create awareness among students. The Horizontal report [4] researched social networking as an educational tool and stated that social interaction and social presence are essential in open and online learning.
Problems
The author believes that social networking is an effective tool of information transmission from teacher to student, which assists them in obtaining necessary competencies. Primarily in the former USSR, provision of educational services was the exclusive domain of public universities. However, since the 1990s this monopoly has been called into question by private universities, which introduced its services at emerging educational market of Russia. Increasingly, public universities were launching various programs that sufficiently differed in quality. Such situation generated negative side effects and since 2010s, the Russian Government by means of mergers and acquisitions is changing that model. As the result, universities that did not managed to prove the quality of their programs have been reorganized. At the same time, the Ministry of Education proposed the new competency-based approach to learning. This approach requires implementation of new teaching methods such as e-learning. The author’s main claim is that social networking is an effective tool of e-learning.
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Methodology and Data Collection
An empirical research was conducted via VK, a Russian social networking website, and data collection occurred online by public opinion polling. The page of department of management was created at VK and the educational content was regularly uploaded.
This research focuses mostly on insight and understanding of the perceptions of students participating in distance learning education. Its objective is to develop an understanding of what methods are the best for achieving the competencies, required by the Russian educational standard: lecture materials presentation, tasks posting, supporting material distribution.
Online polling was conducted with students who were taking full-time classes and at the same time using social networking website as an additional source of information.
Results
The best methods of distance learning via social networking website were determined. The factors that motivate and deter student participation in distance education were identified. The figures proving all the statements above are presented in a final paper.
References
1.Couros, A. Developing Personal Learning Networks for Open and Social Learning, Emerging Technologies in Distance Education. G. Veletsiano (Ed) AU Press, Athabasca University 2010
2.Dalsgaard, P. Transparency in Cooperative Online Education, The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, Vol. 10, No 3, 2009
3.Eteokleous, N., Ktoridou, D., Stavrides, I., Michaelidis, M. Facebook – a social networking tool for educational purposes: developing special interest groups.
4.Ho W., Quinton, A., Xia, J., Laubach, J. Can Wikis Increase Students’ Perception of Social Presence. Exploring the Possibility of Increased Collaboration and Learning Outcome. http://learningdesign.psu.edu/research2/SocialMediaWhitePaper.pdf
5.Holmes, B., Gardner, J. E-learning concepts and practice. Sage Publications, 2006.
6.Lee, M.J.W., McLoughlin C. Beyond Distance and Time Constraints: Applying Social Networking Tools and Web 2.0 Approaches in Distance Education. Emerging Technologies in Distance Education. G. Veletsiano (Ed) AU Press, Athabasca University 2010
7.Petrovic, N., Jeremic V., Cirovic M., Radpjicik Z., Milenkovic N. Facebook vs Moodle: what do students really think? International Conference on Information Communication Technologies in Education, 2014.
8.Selwyn, N. The use of computer technology in university teaching and learning: a critical perspective. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. Volume 23, Issue 2, pages 83-94, April 2007.
9.Weiser Friedman, L. Using social media technologies to enhance online learning. Retrieved from http://www.thejeo.com/Archives/Volume10,Number1/Friedman.pdf
Rotar Olga
SaintPetersburg State University of Economics
Cooperation and investment relations between Russia and Germany in the context of the global economic instability
American analysts do not hide the fact that their main nightmare is the union of Russia with the industrialized Germany, which is interested in using Russia's natural resources. Merkel and her fellow Western leaders are angered by Russia's actions in Ukraine, especially its seizure of Crimea, support for pro-Russia separatists in eastern Ukraine and fresh military incursion. Moscow's denial that it has any involvement in Ukraine's blood conflict only irks them more.
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The German chancellor has signaled a tougher stance toward Russia, spelling out her willingness to sacrifice German economic interests and further boost sanctions to send a strong message that Moscow's actions are unacceptable.
According to the Russian news agency ITAR/TASS, Russia’s Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev admits the sanctions are hurting the Russian economy and slowing its growth.
And there is the mass of events which bring a lot of difficulties to representatives of Russian and German business. Companies of Germany tried to resist the imposition of sanctions against Russia.
Business in Germany does not want to scale back its cooperation with Russia, but they fall a lot of pressure from the government. The main sanctions against Russia were applied in the field of import of dual-use goods, banking, financial sectors, suppliers of equipment for the oil and gas industry.
Cooperation between Russia and Germany is traditionally held in the form of bilateral agreements. The number of German companies operating in Russia has grown significantly over 2014 and today is about 6200 organizations. Russia's share in German exports is not big, only 3.5 %. However, it is important to understand the complexity and activity of the Russian-German cooperation. In the recent years, after the beginning of the construction of the North Stream (gas pipeline from Russia to Northern Europe) Germany became the important distribution center for Russian gas industry. A lot of German companies are co-owners of the RussianGerman project, and also in the Russian economy attracted many German credit resources. Therefore, the position of the key economies in Europe in relation to cooperation with Russia will be the same - to continue cooperation under the all conditions and sanctions. This is the requirement of the German economy and the largest businesses. So, the largest German companies, such as BASF SE", "Siemens", "Volkswagen" openly oppose the broader economic sanctions against Russia.
Some German media noted that the country's economy growth in 2015 will be lower than expected initially. The crisis has particularly affected the practices of companies that had implemented or were planning extensive direct investment.
Example of fruitful cooperation between the Russian and German business is a joint work between Wintershall and Gazprom. In the early 1990's Wintershall and Gazprom has decided to engage in joint providing russian natural gas in Germany, which were created by JV WIEH and WINGAS. This, in particular, the joint development of oil and gas fields in Russia and abroad, the implementation a projects of construction of the new export pipelines. At the end of 2013 BASF and Gazprom signed another agreement to share assets. The deal with Wintershall will increase the production of hydrocarbons and in cooperation with Gazprom will helps to explore new areas Achimov deposits
The German company considers the oil and gas industry of Russia as the one of the strategic directions in the field of chemistry. Today without chemistry and ITtechnologies is impossible to drill a well, to prepare oil and gas for transportation, recycle them into marketable products. One of the key areas of the BASF Group is the energy sector, including exploration and production of hydrocarbons. An important milestone on the way of this cooperation is the exchange of assets in 2007, when Gazprom increased its stake in WINGAS from 35% to 50% and became a partner in long-term business in Libya, and BASF/Wintershall, in turn, acquired a stake in Yuzhno Russkoye field. About this has already held three such events in Surgut, Nizhny Novgorod and Kazan.
Today, BASF and Gazprom cooperate across the gas chain from the stage of exploration and production to transportation and marketing. This success is the result of equal strategic partnership, which continues to develop. From 2000 to 2013 the volume of production of oil and gas Wintershall has grown from 80 to 126 million barrels of oil equivalent. And by 2015 the company plans to increase production until at least 160 million, in particular due to the growth of coal production of hydrocarbons in Russia and in the North Sea. Gazprom will considerably strengthen its position in the key markets.
Another example is the participants of Siemens in Russian projects. Siemens CEO Peter Löscher signed a deal with the State owned Russian Railways to provide the Russian company with about 200 regional trains. Löscher had accompanied Angela Merkel during her visit to Russian president Medvedev last week to Yekaterinburg to officially approve the deal. Siemens also agreed
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to participate in the technology hub project in Skolkovo near Moscow, by building a research center. The Siemens leadership would apparently also be part of the management team of the project.
How to improve the situation with the sanctions? Busyness had to continue to make efforts for creating favorable conditions for small and medium enterprises, to create a stable conditions for investment in the gas infrastructure in Germany and the European Union. German business share the point of view of the Russian authorities that for long-term investment in the oil and gas industry need predictability and commitment in political decisions. The government is interested to maintain a favorable investment climate for a wide range of operating companies in the country.
Thus, introduction of sanctions suffer from both German and Russian side. The greatest risk of non-receipt of income from investments shall be Germany, because a German investment in Russia far exceeds the volume of Russian investments in Germany. In turn, the implementation of the majority of investment projects with participation of German capital, running up to the beginning of the Ukrainian crisis continues and is on schedule. Summarizing the above, we can draw the following conclusions regarding the prospects of investment cooperation Russia and Germany:
Firstly, the investment projects of investors in Russia, especially at the regional level, in the bulk are not suspended, the decline in investment activity noticeable in the field of new projects - European investors choose the strategy of waiting;
-Secondly, there is a noticeable reduction in investment activity European counterparts in the primary sector, where the majority of the companies is owned by the state;
-- Some joint investment projects in Russia and Germany in the field of oil and gas industry suspended or operate delay time in connection with the highest volatility of political decisions on these issues. The financing of projects of primary industries planned to level at the expense of the national welfare Fund, thawed by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Turina Elizaveta
Russian State University for the Humanities
Tourism as a perspective sector of the economy of the participating countries BRICS
This research investigates the key aspects of cooperation between Russia and the BRICS group in the context of the prospects of tourism development until 2014.
BRICS creationis the measure to make the world harmonized. According to the draft of the Strategy of Economic Cooperation BRICS [1] the goal of world harmonization may be achieved with mostly economic industrial cooperation. Cooperation in the field of cultural exchange is out of this document.
Today less attention is paid to the culturological mutual influence of the participating countries. In fact, BRICS may be identified as a dialogue between civilizations: Latin American (Brazil), European (Russia), Asian (India and China) and African (South Africa) .
The relevance of this work is to review and analyze the structure, content and mechanisms of interaction of these countries in the context of the development tourism potential between BRICS. Particular relevance of these problems is caused by the need to develop the agenda for the BRICS summit to be held in mid-July in Ufa and Russia's chairmanship in BRICS in 2015. [2].In general, theoretical and methodological foundations of this work are the scientific works of Russian and foreign scholars and practitioners dedicated to issues of the BRICS alignment of contemporary international relations and the economic and geopolitical potential of the BRICS. Some information is taken from the specialists from the BRICS center of the Moscow State University and the National Committee for Research BRICS with the support of the fond "Russian World".
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The aim of the work is to analyze the structure, content and mechanisms of cooperation between Russia and the BRICS group in the aspects that influence the development of tourism and to find out the existing approaches to increase cooperation in this field.
This goal has identified the need for formulating and solving the following tasks:
•Identify the key vectors of cooperation among BRICS group and formulate their content in the period of 2014.
•Analyze the data areas of cooperation in the context of the impact on the prospects for the development of tourism between the two countries BRICS.
•Develop proposals for measures to support the development of tourism between the BRICS countries.
In the research, there is a number of results:
•The review of the structure, content and mechanisms of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa in the context of the factors that influence tourist flows in the period up to 2014.
•The review of the cooperation areas between the BRICS on the potential tourism development between the countries.
•Creation the proposals and initiatives to enhance cooperation in tourism between the BRICS. 1) Development of infrastructure as a major area of cooperation BRICS affecting tourism.
BRICS countries are actively investing in infrastructure projects. For example, the improvement of infrastructure in southern Russia due to the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi in 2014. In Brazil, with the FIFA World Cup 2014 and the Olympic Games in 2016. In China since 2012 are implemented 60 infrastructure investment projects worth 156 billion dollars. USA. In turn, in 2013 the Government of India announced 30 investment projects worth 33.7 billion dollars. United States, which provide improved energy, port and road infrastructure. [3]
2) Cooperation of the BRICS countries in the field of "green" economy and eco-tourism as an example of sustainable development. All of the BRICS countries are characterized with notable success in the industry that at the same time causes serious environmental problems. BRICS countries have some highlights: natural uniqueness at the global level (Russia and Brazil are owned 40% of the global forest area) [4] and at the same time all the BRICS countries obtain varying degrees of severity of the ecological problems [4].Ecotourism is one of the clearest examples of the concept of "green economy", the advantage and to increase financial investment in the maintenance and development of natural environmental funds in the region. According to the results of the 1st Forum of Towns and administrative territories BRICS (Sanya, 2-3 December 2011) was established informal working group on the development of Ecopark within the organization BRICS member countries.
[5]An example of already implemented projects under this initiatives is Ecopark "Suzdal" [6].
3)BRICS countries and inter-civilization dialogue: perspectives of cultural tourism. Cultural tourism promotion - is one of the methods of implementing the concept of intercultural dialogue. The increase in tourist flows between the BRICS countries is able to solve tasks in practice and accelerate the process of cultural interference of the BRICS citizens.
To achieve the goal of accelerated development of cultural tourism between Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa are encouraged to consider the following measures:
• Cancellation of visa regime between the BRICS countries. At the moment, Russian citizens do not have visa regime only with Brazil. There is a visa regime with South Africa, but as noted by South African Ambassador in Russia "for the season 2014-2015, Russia declared national tourism office of South Africa as one of the major investment markets. South Africa is doing everything possible to simplify the regulations for issuing visas in the country".[7] Visa to China is also needed for the Russians but preference at giving visas already has members of interstate projects with China and those who have a service passport. Question of cancellation visa regime with India is not discussed at the highest level.
At present, the Russian visa is necessary for all citizens of the BRICS countries except Brazil. Thus, the decision to create a visa-free zone would be advantageous and beneficial for all BRICS countries. But on the other hand, for example, in the case of China this can cause an excessive flow
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of Chinese citizens migration into Russia, resulting in disbalances in labour. It is necessary to work through additional conditions of visa-free regime.
• Create discussion format for competent authorities in the field of tourism and culture at government level for joint projects of BRICS in this area. It can be implemented on the platform of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) or UNESCO.
•Making payments in the commercial and tourist segment in rubles. Such an initiative has already been declared by the Government of Egypt [8] and may become relevant and viable among the BRICS countries. Such a proposal is not without logic, but it is necessary as soon as possible alignment mechanisms: exchanges, institutions to manage currency risk that just is planned within the BRICS and etc.
Thus, the development and facilitation of tourism between the BRICS countries may solve a number of problems:
•Economic: GDP growth, job creation, investment in infrastructure projects of the BRICS group.
•Environmental: preservation of unique natural BRICS reserves, infrastructure development, job creation, the use of innovative technologies.
•Cultural: the adoption of measures to stimulate tourist flows will create conditions to tolerate the BRICS nations, to the cultural dialogue between nations. Such humanitarian and cultural exchange will help to change the existing information background.
References
1.Проект Стратегии экономического сотрудничества стран БРИКС [Электронный ре-
сурс]. Электрон. дан. М.: URL:http://economy.gov.ru/minec/resources/61fd3a86-b1c1-4efb-a18c- 9a03e96860fa/
2.Саммит БРИКС и ШОС в Уфе [Электронный ресурс]. Электрон. дан. М http://ufa2015.ru/
3.Развитие инфраструктуры в странах БРИКС: информационно –аналитическая бюллетень «Мосты».-июнь 2014 № 4.
4.Будущее, которого мы хотим. Итоговый документ Конференции ООН по устойчивому развитию. Рио-де-Жанейро, Бразилия 20-22 июня 2012 года
5.Sigh up to the 9 Principles of a Green Economy. Green Economy Coalition.- June, 2012.
6.Фермерский кластер по выращиванию экопродуктов и организации зелёного сельского туризма Экопарк «Суздаль» [Электронный ресурс]. Электрон. дан. М.: http://www.ecoparki.ru/
7.ЮАР может отменить визы для России [Электронный ресурс]. Электрон. дан. М.: http://megaconsult.travel/tourism-news/yuar-mozhet-otmenit-vizyi-dlya-rossii.html
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