- •Table of Contents
- •Copyright
- •Dedication
- •Introduction to the eighth edition
- •Online contents
- •List of Illustrations
- •List of Tables
- •1. Pulmonary anatomy and physiology: The basics
- •Anatomy
- •Physiology
- •Abnormalities in gas exchange
- •Suggested readings
- •2. Presentation of the patient with pulmonary disease
- •Dyspnea
- •Cough
- •Hemoptysis
- •Chest pain
- •Suggested readings
- •3. Evaluation of the patient with pulmonary disease
- •Evaluation on a macroscopic level
- •Evaluation on a microscopic level
- •Assessment on a functional level
- •Suggested readings
- •4. Anatomic and physiologic aspects of airways
- •Structure
- •Function
- •Suggested readings
- •5. Asthma
- •Etiology and pathogenesis
- •Pathology
- •Pathophysiology
- •Clinical features
- •Diagnostic approach
- •Treatment
- •Suggested readings
- •6. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- •Etiology and pathogenesis
- •Pathology
- •Pathophysiology
- •Clinical features
- •Diagnostic approach and assessment
- •Treatment
- •Suggested readings
- •7. Miscellaneous airway diseases
- •Bronchiectasis
- •Cystic fibrosis
- •Upper airway disease
- •Suggested readings
- •8. Anatomic and physiologic aspects of the pulmonary parenchyma
- •Anatomy
- •Physiology
- •Suggested readings
- •9. Overview of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases
- •Pathology
- •Pathogenesis
- •Pathophysiology
- •Clinical features
- •Diagnostic approach
- •Suggested readings
- •10. Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases associated with known etiologic agents
- •Diseases caused by inhaled inorganic dusts
- •Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- •Drug-induced parenchymal lung disease
- •Radiation-induced lung disease
- •Suggested readings
- •11. Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases of unknown etiology
- •Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- •Other idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
- •Pulmonary parenchymal involvement complicating systemic rheumatic disease
- •Sarcoidosis
- •Miscellaneous disorders involving the pulmonary parenchyma
- •Suggested readings
- •12. Anatomic and physiologic aspects of the pulmonary vasculature
- •Anatomy
- •Physiology
- •Suggested readings
- •13. Pulmonary embolism
- •Etiology and pathogenesis
- •Pathology
- •Pathophysiology
- •Clinical features
- •Diagnostic evaluation
- •Treatment
- •Suggested readings
- •14. Pulmonary hypertension
- •Pathogenesis
- •Pathology
- •Pathophysiology
- •Clinical features
- •Diagnostic features
- •Specific disorders associated with pulmonary hypertension
- •Suggested readings
- •15. Pleural disease
- •Anatomy
- •Physiology
- •Pleural effusion
- •Pneumothorax
- •Malignant mesothelioma
- •Suggested readings
- •16. Mediastinal disease
- •Anatomic features
- •Mediastinal masses
- •Pneumomediastinum
- •Suggested readings
- •17. Anatomic and physiologic aspects of neural, muscular, and chest wall interactions with the lungs
- •Respiratory control
- •Respiratory muscles
- •Suggested readings
- •18. Disorders of ventilatory control
- •Primary neurologic disease
- •Cheyne-stokes breathing
- •Control abnormalities secondary to lung disease
- •Sleep apnea syndrome
- •Suggested readings
- •19. Disorders of the respiratory pump
- •Neuromuscular disease affecting the muscles of respiration
- •Diaphragmatic disease
- •Disorders affecting the chest wall
- •Suggested readings
- •20. Lung cancer: Etiologic and pathologic aspects
- •Etiology and pathogenesis
- •Pathology
- •Suggested readings
- •21. Lung cancer: Clinical aspects
- •Clinical features
- •Diagnostic approach
- •Principles of therapy
- •Bronchial carcinoid tumors
- •Solitary pulmonary nodule
- •Suggested readings
- •22. Lung defense mechanisms
- •Physical or anatomic factors
- •Antimicrobial peptides
- •Phagocytic and inflammatory cells
- •Adaptive immune responses
- •Failure of respiratory defense mechanisms
- •Augmentation of respiratory defense mechanisms
- •Suggested readings
- •23. Pneumonia
- •Etiology and pathogenesis
- •Pathology
- •Pathophysiology
- •Clinical features and initial diagnosis
- •Therapeutic approach: General principles and antibiotic susceptibility
- •Initial management strategies based on clinical setting of pneumonia
- •Suggested readings
- •24. Bacterial and viral organisms causing pneumonia
- •Bacteria
- •Viruses
- •Intrathoracic complications of pneumonia
- •Respiratory infections associated with bioterrorism
- •Suggested readings
- •25. Tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria
- •Etiology and pathogenesis
- •Definitions
- •Pathology
- •Pathophysiology
- •Clinical manifestations
- •Diagnostic approach
- •Principles of therapy
- •Nontuberculous mycobacteria
- •Suggested readings
- •26. Miscellaneous infections caused by fungi, including Pneumocystis
- •Fungal infections
- •Pneumocystis infection
- •Suggested readings
- •27. Pulmonary complications in the immunocompromised host
- •Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- •Pulmonary complications in non–HIV immunocompromised patients
- •Suggested readings
- •28. Classification and pathophysiologic aspects of respiratory failure
- •Definition of respiratory failure
- •Classification of acute respiratory failure
- •Presentation of gas exchange failure
- •Pathogenesis of gas exchange abnormalities
- •Clinical and therapeutic aspects of hypercapnic/hypoxemic respiratory failure
- •Suggested readings
- •29. Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- •Physiology of fluid movement in alveolar interstitium
- •Etiology
- •Pathogenesis
- •Pathology
- •Pathophysiology
- •Clinical features
- •Diagnostic approach
- •Treatment
- •Suggested readings
- •30. Management of respiratory failure
- •Goals and principles underlying supportive therapy
- •Mechanical ventilation
- •Selected aspects of therapy for chronic respiratory failure
- •Suggested readings
- •Index
Legionella can be involved. Diagnostic evaluation is difficult and often complicated by the need to distinguish bacterial colonization of the tracheobronchial tree from true bacterial pneumonia. Detailed consideration of the clinical issues involved with diagnostic testing and optimal therapy of nosocomial pneumonia are beyond the scope of this discussion but can be found in Suggested Readings at the end of this chapter.
Suggested readings
General reviews and community-acquired pneumonia
Aliberti S, Dela Cruz C.S, Amati F, Sotgiu G. & Restrepo M.I. Community-acquired pneumonia Lancet 2021;398: 906-919.
Chee E, Huang K, Haggie S. & Britton P.N. Systematic review of clinical practice guidelines on the management of community acquired pneumonia in children Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 2022;42: 59-68.
Cillóniz C, Torres A. & Niederman M.S. Management of pneumonia in critically ill patients
BMJ 2021;375: e065871.
DeLaney M. & Khoury C. Community-acquired pneumonia in the emergency department
Emergency Medicine Practice 2021;23: 1-24.
Evans S.E, Jennerich A.L, Azar M.M, Cao B, Crothers K, Dickson R.P., et al. Nucleic acidbased testing for noninfluenza viral pathogens in adults with suspected communityacquired pneumonia. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2021;203: 1070-1087. Fabre V, Spivak E.S. & Keller S.C. Viewing the community-acquired pneumonia guidelines
through an antibiotic stewardship lens American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2020;201: 745-746.
Huttner B, Cappello B, Cooke G, Gandra S, Harbarth S, Imi M., et al. 2019 Communityacquired pneumonia treatment guidelines: There is a need for a change toward more parsimonious antibiotic use American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2020;201: 1315-1316.
Jain S, Self W.H, Wunderink R.G, Fakhran S, Balk R, Bramley A.M., et al. Communityacquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. adults New England Journal of Medicine 2015;373: 415-427.
Jain S, Williams D.J, Arnold S.R, Ampofo K, Bramley A.M, Reed C., et al. Communityacquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. children New England Journal of Medicine 2015;372: 835-845.
Jones B.E, Herman D.D, Dela Cruz C.S, Waterer G.W, Metlay J.P, Ruminjo J.K., et al.
Summary for clinicians: Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2020;17: 133138.
Losier A. & Dela Cruz C.S. New testing guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 2022;35: 128-132.
Losier A, Harding W.C, C.S, Dela Cruz Evans S, Ruminjo J.K. & Thomson C. Summary for clinicians: Clinical practice guideline for the use of nucleic acid-based testing for noninfluenza viral pathogens in adults with suspected community-acquired pneumonia
Annals of the American Thoracic Society 2022;19: 1081-1083.
Данная книга находится в списке для перевода на русский язык сайта https://meduniver.com/
Mandell L.A. & Niederman M.S. Aspiration pneumonia New England Journal of Medicine 2019;380: 651-663.
Martin-Loeches I, Garduno A, Povoa P. & Nseir S. Choosing antibiotic therapy for severe community-acquired pneumonia Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 2022;35: 133-139.
Martin-Loeches I. & Torres A. Corticosteroids for CAP, influenza and COVID-19: When, how and benefits or harm? European Respiratory Review 2021;30: 200346.
Metlay J.P, Waterer G.W, Long A.C, Anzueto A, Brozek J, Crothers K., et al. Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. An official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2019;200: e45-e67.
Pletz M.W, Blasi F, Chalmers J.D, Dela Cruz C.S, Feldman C, Luna C.M., et al. International perspective on the new 2019 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America community-acquired pneumonia guideline: A critical appraisal by a global expert panel Chest 2020;158: 1912-1918.
Ramirez J.A, Musher D.M, Evans S.E, Dela Cruz C, Crothers K.A, Hage C.A., et al.
Treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompromised adults: A consensus statement regarding initial strategies Chest 2020;158: 1896-1911.
Rothberg M.B. Community-acquired pneumonia Annals of Internal Medicine 2022;175: ITC49-ITC64.
Washington L, O’Sullivan-Murphy B, Christensen J.D. & McAdams H.P. Radiographic imaging of community-acquired pneumonia: A case-based review Radiologic Clinics of North America 2022;60: 371-381.
Nosocomial pneumonia
Bassetti M, Mularoni A, Giacobbe D.R, Castaldo N. & Vena A. New antibiotics for hospitalacquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2022;43: 280-294.
Cillóniz C, Dominedò C. & Torres A. An overview of guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 2019;32: 656-662.
Kelly D.N. & Martin-Loeches I. Comparing current US and European guidelines for nosocomial pneumonia Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 2019;25: 263-270.
Koulenti D, Zhang Y. & Fragkou P.C. Nosocomial pneumonia diagnosis revisited Current Opinion in Critical Care 2020;26: 442-449.
Soussan R, Schimpf C, Pilmis B, Degroote T, Tran M, Bruel C., et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia: The central role of transcolonization Journal of Critical Care 2019;50: 155161.
Wicky P.H, Martin-Loeches I. & Timsit J.F. HAP and VAP after guidelines Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2022;43: 248-254.
Xu E, Pérez-Torres D, Fragkou P.C, Zahar J.R. & Koulenti D. Nosocomial pneumonia in the era of multidrug-resistance: Updates in diagnosis and management Microorganisms 2021;9: 534.
Zaragoza R, Vidal-Cortés P, Aguilar G, Borges M, Diaz E, Ferrer R., et al. Update of the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia in the ICU Critical Care 2020;24: 383.
Pneumonia severity prediction tools
Fine M.J, Auble T.E, Yealy D.M, Hanusa B.H, Weissfeld L.A, Singer D.E., et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia New England Journal of Medicine 1997;336: 243.
Lim W.S, van der Eerden M.M, Laing R, Boersma W.G, Karalus N, Town G.I., et al. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: An international derivation and validation study Thorax 2003;58: 377.
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