- •Передмова
- •The noun
- •Guide to Forming Plurals
- •Irregular plurals
- •Inanimate nouns in personification
- •Exercises
- •London Favourite Stores
- •The article
- •Special difficulties in the use of articles
- •Exercises
- •Esop and his Fables
- •The farmer and his Sons
- •In Search of …Good Job
- •Exercise 23
- •The adjective
- •The Category of Degrees of Comparison
- •Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms
- •Comparative Constructions with the Adjectives
- •Some difficulties in the use of the Adjective: Degrees of Comparison
- •Adjectives referring to Countries, Nationalities and Languages
- •Nationalities
- •Compound Adjectives
- •Word Order of Adjectives before a Noun
- •Noun modifiers
- •Adverbs Or Adjectives: confusing cases.
- •Adjectives ending in –ed: pronunciation
- •Exercises
- •Never Again!
- •Exercise 25
- •A Bigger Heart
- •Modal verbs
- •Can / could
- •Exercises
- •May / might
- •Exercises
- •Must, have to, be to
- •Exercises
- •____________ Have to
- •Dare and need
- •Exercises
- •Shall / should, ought to
- •Exercises
- •How would you cope around the world?
- •Will / would
- •Exercises
- •General review of all modals
- •Instructions:
- •(The Verbals)
- •The Infinitive
- •The Predicative
- •The Object
- •The Attribute
- •The Adverbial Modifier of Purpose
- •The Adverbial Modifier of Result.
- •The Secondary Predicative
- •Infinitive without Particle to (Bare Infinitive)
- •Omitted “to”
- •Reduced Infinitive
- •Infinitive constructions
- •The Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction
- •The Subjective Infinitive Construction
- •The Subject
- •The Object
- •Beach Safety
- •Exercise 35
- •It is important / useful / necessary /
- •The gerund
- •The Subject
- •The Predicative
- •The Direct Object
- •The Prepositional Object
- •The Attribute
- •The Adverbial Modifier
- •The Subject
- •The Predicative
- •The Direct Object
- •The Prepositional Object
- •The Attribute
- •The Adverbial Modifier
- •Exercises
- •The participle
- •The Objective Participial Construction
- •The Subjective Participial Construction
- •The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
- •Exercises
- •Survival for hikers
- •Exercise 34
- •General review of all verbals
- •Forms Expressing Unreality in Different Types of Subordinate Clauses
- •The Use of the Subjunctive Mood in Conditional Sentences
- •The First Conditional
- •The Second Conditional
- •The Third Conditional
- •Exercises
- •Exercise 10
- •In the President’s Chair
- •Would you stay silent if …
- •Would you feel afraid of if …
- •Would you cry if …
- •List of Sources
- •Internet Sources
- •Contents
London Favourite Stores
Oxford Street is one of the biggest and most popular shopping centres in London. One of the largest department stores in Oxford Street is Selfridge’s. Big stores started in America and the idea was brought to England by Gordon Selfridge about one hundred years ago. Selfridge’s is still one of the biggest stores in London as well as Harrods. It has about 235 different departments and it is a very expensive department store, that’s why most Londoners prefer to go to cheaper shops: Mark & Spencer and Woolworth’s. Mark & Spencer is Britain’s favourite store. Tourists love it too. It attracts a great variety of customers, from housewives to millionaires. Last year it made a profit of 529 million pounds, which is more than 10 million pounds a week.
It all started 105 years ago, when a young Polish immigrant Michael Marks, had a stall in Leeds market. He didn’t have many things to sell: some cotton, a little wool, lots of buttons and a few shoelaces. Above his stall he put the famous notice: “Don’t ask how much – it’s a penny”. Ten years later he met Tom Spencer and together they started Penny Stalls in many towns in the north of England. Today there are 564 ranches of M&S all over the world – in the USA, Canada, Spain, France, Belgium and so on.
Surprisingly, tastes in food and clothes are international. What sells well in Paris sells just as well in Newcastle.
The store bases its business on three principles: good value, good quality and good service. Also, it changes with the times – once it was all jumpers and knickers. Now it is food, furniture and flowers as well. Top fashion designers advise on style of clothes.
But perhaps the most important key to its success is its happy, well-trained staff. Conditions of work are excellent. There are company doctors, dentists, hairdressers and even chiropodists to look after the staff and all the staff can have lunch for under 40 p.!
Most big stores have a tea-room, a restaurant and a post-office. You will also find here a room where you can rest if you are tired.
Oxford Street, Regent Street and Bond Street are rightly considered the shopping streets in London. Their nice shops and department stores attract people from all over the country and from foreign countries as well.
Exercise 31
Fill in the table below with male / female equivalents.
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Monk |
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King |
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Nephew |
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Bachelor |
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Barman |
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Postmaster |
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Emperor |
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Duke |
bride |
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Waiter |
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Poet |
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God |
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Hero |
Widow |
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Steward |
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Host |
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Usher |
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Author |
Sister |
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Father |
Lady |
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Uncle |
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mister |
Exercise 32
Fill in the table below like in the example.
ANIMAL |
MALE |
FEMALE |
YOUNG |
GROUP |
cattle |
bull |
cow |
calf |
Herd |
bee |
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cat |
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goose |
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goat |
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chicken |
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lion |
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fox |
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tiger |
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horse |
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dog |
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sheep |
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duck |
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pig |
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Exercise 33
Give the feminine gender of the following nouns:
King, uncle, sir, cook, son, husband, poet, actor, hero, Czar, Sultan, steward, host, landlord, cook-sparrow, man-servant, Prince, lion, grand-father, milk-man, salesman, gentleman, boyfriend, tiger.