- •Vocabulary of some linguistic terms used in the text 22
- •Part 1. Theory section
- •1. Clauses and sentences
- •1.1. Classification of simple sentences
- •2. Parts of a sentence
- •2.1. The subject
- •2.2. The predicate
- •2.2.1. The double predicate
- •2.2.2. Mixed types of predicates
- •2.3. The object
- •2.3.1. The direct object
- •2.3.2. The indirect object
- •2.3.3. The prepositional object
- •2.3.4. The cognate12 object
- •2.4. The adverbial modifier
- •2.5. The attribute
- •2.6. Homogeneous parts of the sentence
- •2.7. Independent elements of the sentence
- •2.8. Detached parts of the sentence
- •3. Simple sentence analysis
- •4. Composite sentence analysis
- •5. The subjunctive mood
- •5.1. The category of mood
- •5.2. Classification of the subjunctive mood forms
- •The synthetic forms
- •5.2.1. The subjunctive I
- •5.2.2. The subjunctive II
- •The analytical forms
- •5.2.3. The conditional mood
- •5.2. The suppositional mood
- •5.2.5. Modal verbs
- •5.2.6. Tendency to use contracted forms of mood auxiliaries
- •6. Basic patterns with the subjunctive mood in simple sentences
- •6.1. The conditional mood
- •7.4. Attributive appositive clauses
- •7.5. Adverbial clauses of unreal condition
- •Part 2. Practice section Exercise 1. Answer the following questions:
- •Exercise 2. Define the kinds of the following simple sentences:
- •Exercise 3. Answer the following questions:
- •Exercise 4. Point out the subject and state what it is expressed by.
- •Exercise 5. State the types of the predicates in the following sentences.
- •Exercise 6. State the type of the objects in the following sentences.
- •Exercise 7. State the types of the adverbial modifiers in the following sentences.
- •Exercise 8. Point out the attributes in the following sentences and state what they are expressed by.
- •Exercise 10. Point out the complex parts of sentences and state what they are expressed by.
- •Exercise 11. Analyse the following simple sentences according to the model given in Item 6.
- •Exercise 12. Analyse the following composite sentences and draw their schemes according to the model given in Item 7.
- •Exercise 13. State the types of the following sentences: simple, compound, complex, compound-complex, complex-compound.
- •Exercise 14. Act out the following dialogue. Comment upon the forms of the subjunctive mood in it (see patterns 6.4, 6.5, 7.3.1, 7.5.4).
- •Exercise 15. Complete the following conversations expressing a wish. Follow the model given in (1) (see pattern 7.3.1).
- •Exercise 16. Complete the following sentences using the given information (see pattern 7.3.1):
- •Exercise 17. Open the brackets using the correct form expressing unreality with reference to the present/future (see patterns 7.3.1, 7.5.1).
- •Exercise 18. Use the correct form expressing unreality with reference to the past (see patterns 7.3.1, 7.5.2).
- •Exercise 19. Use the correct form expressing unreality with mixed time reference (see patterns 7.5.3, 7.5.4).
- •Exercise 21. Read and analyse the text following the instructions to the underlined words given at the end of the exercise.
- •Instructions to the underlined words:
- •Keys to the exercises Exercise 2
- •Exercise 4
- •Exercise 5
- •Exercise 6
- •Exercise 7
- •Exercise 8
- •Exercise 9
- •Exercise 10
- •Exercise 21
- •Selected bibliography1
- •Keys to symbols and abbreviations used in the text
- •Vocabulary of some linguistic terms used in the text
- •The Infinitive Syntactical Functions of the Infinitive The Subject
- •The Predicative
- •The Object
- •The Attribute
- •Omitted “to”
- •Reduced Infinitive
- •The Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction
- •The Subjective Infinitive Construction
- •The Subject
- •The Object
- •The gerund:
- •The verbal noun:
- •The Subject
- •The Predicative
- •The Direct Object
- •The Prepositional Object
- •The Attribute
- •The Adverbial Modifier
- •The Gerundial Complex
- •Syntactical Functions of the Gerundial Complex
- •The Predicative
- •The Direct Object
- •The Prepositional Object
- •The Attribute
- •The Adverbial Modifier
- •Participle
- •The Syntactical Functions of Participle I
- •The Syntactical Functions of Participle II
- •Constructions with the Participle The Objective Participial Construction
- •The Subjective Participial Construction
- •The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
Keys to symbols and abbreviations used in the text
V asp |
- aspective verb |
У fin |
- finite verb |
V link |
- link verb |
Vmod |
- modal verb |
inf |
- infinitive |
ger |
-gerund |
N |
-noun |
SVP |
- simple verbal predicate |
PhP |
- phraseological predicate |
CVAP |
- compound nominal predicate |
CVAP |
- compound verbal aspect predicate |
CVMP |
- compound verbal modal predicate |
A.E. |
- American English |
B.E. |
- British English |
| |
- mark of the borderline between clauses of a complex sentence |
|| |
- mark of the borderline between clauses of a compound sentence |
Vocabulary of some linguistic terms used in the text
antecedent |
антецедент (іменник чи його еквівалент, до якого відноситься означення) |
apposition |
прикладка (вид означення) |
Clause |
частина складного речення |
principal clause |
головна частина складного речення |
subordinate clause |
підрядна частина складного речення |
cognate object |
додаток-іменник, утворений від одного кореня з дієсловом |
communicative |
комунікативний, той, що стосується комунікації |
co-ordination |
сурядність, сурядний зв'язок у синтаксисі |
elliptical sentence |
еліптичне (неповне) речення |
explicit |
явно виражений, експліцитний. |
hierarchy |
ієрархія (рівневий принцип побудови системи) |
homogeneous |
однорідний |
homogeneous parts of the sentence |
однорідні члени речення |
implicit |
явно не виражений |
pragmatics |
прагмалінгвістика, лінгвістична прагматика (галузь мовознавства, що вивчає комунікативні аспекти мови) |
predication |
предикація (відношення змісту висловлювання до дійсності, яке виражається у реченні повідомленням чого-небудь про що-небудь) |
predicativity |
предикативність (визначення граматичними засобами відношення змісту висловлювання до дійсності) |
predicative |
1. предикатив; іменна частина складного іменного присудка 2. предикативний (той, що відноситься до предикації) |
reference |
відношення, зв'язок, референція |
structural |
структурний |
structural level |
структурний рівень (системи). |
subordination |
підрядність, підрядний зв'язок у синтаксисі |
The Infinitive Syntactical Functions of the Infinitive The Subject
To do smth |
is (was, will be) would be means (meant) |
necessary impossible a mistake to do smth |
E.g. To tell her the truth under the circumstances is not at all necessary.
It |
is was will be |
necessary important interesting easy difficult strange simple nice |
to do smth
to be done
to be doing smth |
E.g. It is necessary to go and explain it to her.