- •Укладач: Андрюшкiна I.О., викл.
- •1 Модуль
- •2 Модуль
- •3 Модуль
- •4 Модуль
- •Module 1
- •1. Pronouns
- •2. Nouns
- •Accommodation, advice, baggage, behavior, bread, chaos, damage, furniture, information, luck, luggage, news, permission, progress, scenery, traffic, weather, work, etc.
- •3. Adjectives (Comparisons)
- •Irregular forms:
- •Comparative constructions:
- •4. Present Simple
- •5. Present Continuous
- •6. Present Simple and Present Continuous
- •Stative verbs
- •7. Future Simple and Present tenses with the future meaning
- •Hold, carry, cost, take place, provide, sell, use
- •Be going to
- •Finish, complain, fall off, be, miss, die, rain, drive, work, fail
- •8. Present Perfect
- •Since, yet, for, already
- •In the laboratory ....
- •9. Past simple
- •Used to
- •Write, spend, work, hold, help, act, teach, set, tell, do
- •9.6 Grammar Quiz
- •10. Present Perfect Continuous
- •11. Past Continuous
- •Grammar quiz: Simple and Continuous
- •12. Past Perfect
- •13. Past Perfect Continuous
- •14. Revision
- •Test yourself: Tenses
- •Module 2
- •1. “Say” and “tell”
- •2. Reported statements
- •3. Reported Questions
- •4. Reported commands / requests / suggestions
- •5. Modals in Reported Speech
- •6. Introductory Verbs
- •Complain, advise, refuse, warn, beg, suggest, agree, exclaim, deny, offer, insist, apologise, threaten, accuse, prefer
- •7. Revision
- •Test yourself: reported speech
- •1. If the sentence is correct, put a tick (۷). If it is wrong, write the correct variant:
- •2. Read the letter and then complete the text:
- •Passive Voice
- •1. Formation and uses
- •Ship, pick, drink, take, dry, roast, prepare, sell, sort, plant Growing and preparing coffee.
- •Grown, cut, taught, locked, sent, explained, killed, given, built, driven
- •Cause, damage, hold, include, invite, make, overtake, show, translate, write
- •2. Changing from active into passive
- •Had been given, had been told, had never been taught, was given (twice), was offered, was promised, was sent, was shown, wasn't being paid
- •3. Passive structures
- •It _____________________________________________ (be) supposed to
- •Arrive, be, block, come, park, phone, start
- •Ask, break, damage, hurt, pay, steal, sting, stop, use
- •4. Revision
- •For Love or Money
- •Test yourself: passives
- •1. Circle a passive or active verb form:
- •2. Put simple present, simple past or future passive verbs into these sentences:
- •3. Circle the best way to continue:
- •4. Put present perfect or present continuous passive verbs into these sentences:
- •5. Use the words in italics as the subjects and verbs of passive sentences:
- •Module 3 “Modal Verbs”
- •I Functions of modal verbs with the Simple infinitives
- •1. We express ability with:
- •Come eat hear run sleep wait
- •2. We express possibility / probability with:
- •3. We express permission with: (asking for permission)
- •(Giving / refusing permission)
- •4. We make requests, offers or suggestions with:
- •5. We express advice with:
- •Do, not forget, get, give, have, invite, not let, open, start, not tell
- •6. We express obligation or necessity with:
- •7. We express absence of necessity or prohibition with:
- •E.G. You mustn’t touch those wires.
- •Do, get up, go, go, pay, shave, wait, work
- •8. Typical behaviour
- •Be drive fall keep listen make play ring take talk tell
- •9. Revision
- •II *Functions of modal verbs with the Perfect, Continuous and Perfect Continuous infinitives
- •1. Could have done
- •2. Must have done & can’t have done
- •3. May / might have done
- •4. Needn’t have done
- •5. Should have done
- •6. Revision exercises
- •6.3 * Moneybags case
- •Inspector North decided to interview all the suspects separately. Complete the dialogues with the modals in brackets. Sometimes more than one is possible, but use each modal at least once:
- •Test yourself: modal verbs
- •E.G. I'll be back tomorrow unless there's a strike.
- •Note 3: We use “in case” to talk about precautions – things we do to be ready for what might happen. After “in case” we use a present tense to talk about the future.
- •2. Type Two
- •Call an ambulance, complain to the manager, run away, try to catch it, walk to the nearest garage to get some, ring the police
- •3. Type Three
- •4. Revision 1
- •5. Mixed conditionals
- •5.4 * Match the clauses and write the mixed conditional sentences:
- •6. Wishes
- •7. It’s time…
- •I'd rather you phoned her.
- •8. Revision 2
- •I could visit my friend.
- •Test yourself: conditionals Supply the correct forms of the missing verbs:
- •Write Type 2 conditionals to match these situations:
- •Comment on the following situations:
- •Supply “if not” or “unless” in these sentences. Note where you could use either:
- •Use mixed tenses in these sentences:
- •Module 4 Non-finite forms of the verb
- •1. Gerund / ing-form
- •Do, swim, fly, play, run, try, travel, lie, get, ride
- •Answer, apply, be, be, listen, make, see, try, use, wash, work, write
- •2. Could you please stop ______ so much noise?
- •About, of, in, to, after, by, for, on, at, without
- •Look in a dictionary, oil it, play loud music, rob a bank, stroke it, switch on the ignition, take an aspirin, use an extinguisher
- •5. The shops are shut now. It's too late to ____________________.
- •2. Infinitive
- •Help, stay, find, speak, look after, telephone, buy, go, go out, get on
- •Do get go ride say use
- •3. Revision: Gerund or Infinitive?
- •4. Present Participle
- •5. Past Participle
- •2. It was surpris___ to see her.
- •Test yourself: non-finites Circle the correct answer.
- •Put in the correct form of the verb.
- •Circle the correct answer.
- •Rewrite the sentences with infinitives.
- •Circle the correct answer.
- •Appendix 1 Active Voice: Formation
- •Appendix 2 Passive Voice: Formation
- •Appendix 3 The -ing form is used :
- •Appendix 4 The to-infinitive is used:
- •Appendix 5 The infinitive without “to” is used:
- •7. Can; 8. Must; 9. Shouldn’t; 10. Must not; 11. Should; 12. Have to
- •13. I will be able to speak French soon. 14. Everybody had to fill in a big form last year. 15. Everybody will have to fill in a big form next year.
- •Appendix 6
- •Verbs with prepositions:
- •Resources:
- •Укладач: Андрюшкiна I.О., викл.
Appendix 4 The to-infinitive is used:
1. to express purpose:
e.g. She went out to buy some milk.
2. after certain verbs (advise, agree, appear, decide, expect, hope, promise, refuse etc):
e.g. He promised to be back at 10 o'clock.
3. after certain adjectives (angry, happy, glad etc):
e.g. She was glad to see him.
4. after question words (where, how, what, who, which, but not after "why"):
e.g. Has she told you where to meet them? BUT: I don't know why he left so early.
5. after would like/would love/would prefer (to express specific preference):
e.g. I'd love to go for a walk.
6. after nouns
e.g. It's a pleasure to work with you.
7. after too/enough constructions
e.g. He's too short to reach the top shelf. He isn't tall enough to reach the top shelf.
8. with it + be + adjective (+ of + object):
e.g. It was nice of him to remember my birthday.
9. with "only" to express unsatisfactory result:
e.g. He called me only to say that he would be late.
Appendix 5 The infinitive without “to” is used:
1. after modal verbs (must, can, will etc):
e.g. You must be back at 12 o'clock.
2. after had better/would rather:
e.g. I'd rather have stayed in last night.
3. after make/let/see/hear/feel + object
e.g. Mum let me watch TV. I made him apologise.
BUT: in the passive form: be made/be heard/be seen + to –infinitive:
e.g. He was made to apologise.
Note: “help” is followed by a to-infinitive or an infinitive without to: e.g. She helped me (to) wash the dishes.
Note: If two infinitives are joined by "and", the "to" of the second infinitive can be omitted: e.g. I want to eat something and have a rest.
Now check your answers (modal verbs):
1. – (auxiliaries are not used with the modal verbs); 2. – (we do not use particle “to” after modal verbs); 3. – (“must” is not used in the past context); 4. +; 5. +; 6. – (absence of necessity is not expressed by “must”)
7. Can; 8. Must; 9. Shouldn’t; 10. Must not; 11. Should; 12. Have to
13. I will be able to speak French soon. 14. Everybody had to fill in a big form last year. 15. Everybody will have to fill in a big form next year.
16. You must phone Martin. 17. Ann might be here this evening. 18. You needn’t wait. 19. People shouldn’t watch TV all the time. 20. Shall I open the window?
21. – (the infinitive is used after a modal verb, not past simple form); 22. – (“had” should be used here); 23. – (“had to” forms its interrogative and negative forms with the help of the auxiliary – did)
24. must; 25. can’t; 26. may have gone
27. Could I have a cup of coffee? 28. Could I take a photograph of you, please? 29. Can you close the door, (please) John?
Appendix 6
Verbs with prepositions:
Many verbs have the structure verb + preposition (in/for/about etc.) + object.
|
Verb + |
Preposition + |
Object(noun) |
|
We talked |
about |
the problem. |
|
You must apologise |
for |
what you said. |
If the object is another verb, it ends in -ing:
|
Verb + |
Preposition + |
Object (ing-form) |
|
We talked |
about |
going to America. |
|
She apologised |
for |
Not telling the truth. |
Here are some more verbs with this structure:
|
|
Verb + |
Prep. + |
Object (ing-form) |
|
succeed (in) |
Have you succeeded |
in |
finding a job yet? |
|
insist (on) |
They insisted |
on |
paying for the meal. |
|
think (of) |
I'm thinking |
of |
buying a house. |
|
dream (of) |
I wouldn't dream |
of |
asking them for money |
|
approve (of) |
She doesn't approve |
of |
gambling. |
|
decide (against) |
We have decided |
against |
moving to London. |
|
feel (like) |
Do you feel |
like |
going out tonight? |
|
look forward (to) |
I'm looking forward |
to |
meeting her. |
|
apologise (to) smbd (for) |
She apologised to me |
for |
not telling the truth |
The following verbs can have the structure verb + object + preposition + ing-form:
|
|
Verb + |
Object + |
Prep. + |
Object (ing-form) |
|
congratulate (on) |
I congratulated |
Ann |
on |
passing the exam. |
|
accuse (of) |
They accused |
me |
of |
telling lies. |
|
suspect (of) |
Nobody suspected |
the man |
of |
being a spy. |
|
prevent (from) |
What prevented |
him |
from |
coming to see us? |
|
stop (from*) |
The police stopped |
everyone |
from |
leaving the building. |
|
thank (for) |
I forgot to thank |
them |
for |
helping me. |
|
forgive (for) |
Please forgive |
me |
for |
not writing to you. |
|
warn (against) |
They warned |
us |
against |
buying the car. |
Now check your answers (conditionals):
1. have, will finish; 2. rains, won’t be able to; 3. is leaving, will asked; 4. has driven, will be; 5. is picked, will be boasting.
6. If she didn’t drink so much coffee, she would feel calmer. 7. If he could type, he would be able to operate a computer. 8. If they understood the problem, they would find a solution. 9. If he didn’t sit around so much, he would be fitter. 10. If she were in your position, she would be able to advise you.
11. If we hadn’t run out of money, we wouldn’t have come from our holiday early. 12. If the fire brigade hadn’t come immediately, the house would have burnt down. 13. If the men hadn’t been wearing protective clothing, they wouldn’t have all been safe. 14. If I had been watching the road, I wouldn’t have had an accident. 15. If it hadn’t been so hot, I wouldn’t have been sweating.
16. if he didn’t have; 17. unless we had broken; 18. unless management and unions become / if management and unions don’t become; 19. unless I get held up / if I don’t get held up; 20. unless we have / if we don’t have.
21. are, shouldn’t have missed; 22. didn’t catch, won’t arrive; 23. will be feeling, played; 24. had been, would feel; 25. were, would have answered.
Now check your answers (non-finites):
1. to see; 2. help; 3. to buy; 4. to go; 5.not to.
6. to phone; 7. seeing; 8. to work; 9. to see; 10. smoking; 11. driving; 12. to buy; 13. to talk; 14. sending, 15. talking, 16. to come, 17. speaking.
18. A; 19. A; 20. C; 21. C; 22. A; 23. D.
24. I was surprised to find a cat in my bed. 25. I was sorry not to have time to phone you. 26. My phone number is easy to remember.
27. A; 28. A.
29. It’s too heavy to lift. 30. He’s old enough to vote. 31. I’m too tired to drive.
32. The boss wants Mary to answer the phone. 33. Ann would like Pat to look after the children.
|
Infinitive |
Past Simple |
Past Participle |
Infinitive |
Past Simple |
Past Participle |
|
be bear beat become begin bite blow break bring build burn burst buy catch choose come cost cut deal dig do draw dream drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find fly forbid forget forgive freeze get give go grow hang have hear hide hit hold hurt keep know lay lead learn leave lend let |
was bore beat became began bit blew broke brought built burnt burst bought caught chose came cost cut dealt dug did drew dreamt drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found flew forbade forgot forgave froze got gave went grew hung had heard hid hit held hurt kept knew laid led learnt left lent let
|
been born(e) beaten become begun bitten blown broken brought built burnt burst bought caught chosen come cost cut dealt dug done drawn dreamt drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found flown forbidden forgotten forgiven frozen got given gone grown hung had heard hidden hit held hurt kept known laid led learnt left lent let |
lie light lose make mean meet pay put read ride ring rise run say see seek sell send set sew shake shine shoot show shut sing sit sleep smell speak spell spend spill split spoil spread spring stand steal stick sting strike swear sweep swim take teach tear tell think throw understand wake wear win write |
lay lit lost made meant met paid put read rode rang rose ran said saw sought sold sent set sewed shook shone shot showed shut sang sat slept smelt spoke spelt spent spilt split spoilt spread sprang stood stole stuck stung struck swore swept swam took taught tore told thought threw understood woke wore won wrote |
lain lit lost made meant met paid put read ridden rung risen run said seen sought sold sent set sewn shaken shone shot shown shut sung sat slept smelt spoken spelt spent spilt split spoilt spread sprung stood stolen stuck stung struck sworn swept swum taken taught torn told thought thrown understood woken worn won written
|