- •Укладач: Андрюшкiна I.О., викл.
- •1 Модуль
- •2 Модуль
- •3 Модуль
- •4 Модуль
- •Module 1
- •1. Pronouns
- •2. Nouns
- •Accommodation, advice, baggage, behavior, bread, chaos, damage, furniture, information, luck, luggage, news, permission, progress, scenery, traffic, weather, work, etc.
- •3. Adjectives (Comparisons)
- •Irregular forms:
- •Comparative constructions:
- •4. Present Simple
- •5. Present Continuous
- •6. Present Simple and Present Continuous
- •Stative verbs
- •7. Future Simple and Present tenses with the future meaning
- •Hold, carry, cost, take place, provide, sell, use
- •Be going to
- •Finish, complain, fall off, be, miss, die, rain, drive, work, fail
- •8. Present Perfect
- •Since, yet, for, already
- •In the laboratory ....
- •9. Past simple
- •Used to
- •Write, spend, work, hold, help, act, teach, set, tell, do
- •9.6 Grammar Quiz
- •10. Present Perfect Continuous
- •11. Past Continuous
- •Grammar quiz: Simple and Continuous
- •12. Past Perfect
- •13. Past Perfect Continuous
- •14. Revision
- •Test yourself: Tenses
- •Module 2
- •1. “Say” and “tell”
- •2. Reported statements
- •3. Reported Questions
- •4. Reported commands / requests / suggestions
- •5. Modals in Reported Speech
- •6. Introductory Verbs
- •Complain, advise, refuse, warn, beg, suggest, agree, exclaim, deny, offer, insist, apologise, threaten, accuse, prefer
- •7. Revision
- •Test yourself: reported speech
- •1. If the sentence is correct, put a tick (۷). If it is wrong, write the correct variant:
- •2. Read the letter and then complete the text:
- •Passive Voice
- •1. Formation and uses
- •Ship, pick, drink, take, dry, roast, prepare, sell, sort, plant Growing and preparing coffee.
- •Grown, cut, taught, locked, sent, explained, killed, given, built, driven
- •Cause, damage, hold, include, invite, make, overtake, show, translate, write
- •2. Changing from active into passive
- •Had been given, had been told, had never been taught, was given (twice), was offered, was promised, was sent, was shown, wasn't being paid
- •3. Passive structures
- •It _____________________________________________ (be) supposed to
- •Arrive, be, block, come, park, phone, start
- •Ask, break, damage, hurt, pay, steal, sting, stop, use
- •4. Revision
- •For Love or Money
- •Test yourself: passives
- •1. Circle a passive or active verb form:
- •2. Put simple present, simple past or future passive verbs into these sentences:
- •3. Circle the best way to continue:
- •4. Put present perfect or present continuous passive verbs into these sentences:
- •5. Use the words in italics as the subjects and verbs of passive sentences:
- •Module 3 “Modal Verbs”
- •I Functions of modal verbs with the Simple infinitives
- •1. We express ability with:
- •Come eat hear run sleep wait
- •2. We express possibility / probability with:
- •3. We express permission with: (asking for permission)
- •(Giving / refusing permission)
- •4. We make requests, offers or suggestions with:
- •5. We express advice with:
- •Do, not forget, get, give, have, invite, not let, open, start, not tell
- •6. We express obligation or necessity with:
- •7. We express absence of necessity or prohibition with:
- •E.G. You mustn’t touch those wires.
- •Do, get up, go, go, pay, shave, wait, work
- •8. Typical behaviour
- •Be drive fall keep listen make play ring take talk tell
- •9. Revision
- •II *Functions of modal verbs with the Perfect, Continuous and Perfect Continuous infinitives
- •1. Could have done
- •2. Must have done & can’t have done
- •3. May / might have done
- •4. Needn’t have done
- •5. Should have done
- •6. Revision exercises
- •6.3 * Moneybags case
- •Inspector North decided to interview all the suspects separately. Complete the dialogues with the modals in brackets. Sometimes more than one is possible, but use each modal at least once:
- •Test yourself: modal verbs
- •E.G. I'll be back tomorrow unless there's a strike.
- •Note 3: We use “in case” to talk about precautions – things we do to be ready for what might happen. After “in case” we use a present tense to talk about the future.
- •2. Type Two
- •Call an ambulance, complain to the manager, run away, try to catch it, walk to the nearest garage to get some, ring the police
- •3. Type Three
- •4. Revision 1
- •5. Mixed conditionals
- •5.4 * Match the clauses and write the mixed conditional sentences:
- •6. Wishes
- •7. It’s time…
- •I'd rather you phoned her.
- •8. Revision 2
- •I could visit my friend.
- •Test yourself: conditionals Supply the correct forms of the missing verbs:
- •Write Type 2 conditionals to match these situations:
- •Comment on the following situations:
- •Supply “if not” or “unless” in these sentences. Note where you could use either:
- •Use mixed tenses in these sentences:
- •Module 4 Non-finite forms of the verb
- •1. Gerund / ing-form
- •Do, swim, fly, play, run, try, travel, lie, get, ride
- •Answer, apply, be, be, listen, make, see, try, use, wash, work, write
- •2. Could you please stop ______ so much noise?
- •About, of, in, to, after, by, for, on, at, without
- •Look in a dictionary, oil it, play loud music, rob a bank, stroke it, switch on the ignition, take an aspirin, use an extinguisher
- •5. The shops are shut now. It's too late to ____________________.
- •2. Infinitive
- •Help, stay, find, speak, look after, telephone, buy, go, go out, get on
- •Do get go ride say use
- •3. Revision: Gerund or Infinitive?
- •4. Present Participle
- •5. Past Participle
- •2. It was surpris___ to see her.
- •Test yourself: non-finites Circle the correct answer.
- •Put in the correct form of the verb.
- •Circle the correct answer.
- •Rewrite the sentences with infinitives.
- •Circle the correct answer.
- •Appendix 1 Active Voice: Formation
- •Appendix 2 Passive Voice: Formation
- •Appendix 3 The -ing form is used :
- •Appendix 4 The to-infinitive is used:
- •Appendix 5 The infinitive without “to” is used:
- •7. Can; 8. Must; 9. Shouldn’t; 10. Must not; 11. Should; 12. Have to
- •13. I will be able to speak French soon. 14. Everybody had to fill in a big form last year. 15. Everybody will have to fill in a big form next year.
- •Appendix 6
- •Verbs with prepositions:
- •Resources:
- •Укладач: Андрюшкiна I.О., викл.
3. May / might have done
We use may have done or might have done to express possibility in the past:
e.g. I can’t find my bag anywhere. I might have left it in the shop (perhaps it is in the shop).
Sometimes could has a similar meaning to may and might:
e.g. You could have left your bag in the shop. (= you may/might have left …)
But couldn’t is different from may not and might not:
e.g. She was too far away, so she couldn’t have seen you. (= it is not possible that she saw you)
e.g. A: I wonder why she didn’t say hello. B: She might not have seen you. (= perhaps she didn’t seen you; perhaps she did)
3.1* Read the situations and make sentences from the words in brackets. Use may or might:
1. I can't find George anywhere. I wonder where he is.
a) (he/go/shopping) e.g. He may have gone shopping.
b) (he/play /tennis) e.g. He might be playing tennis.
2. I'm looking for Helen. Do you know where she is?
a) (she / watch / TV / in her room)
b) (she / go / out)
3. I can't find my umbrella. Have you seen it?
a (it / be / in the car)
b (you / leave / in the restaurant last night)
4. Why didn't Tom answer the doorbell? I'm sure he was in the house at the time.
a) (he / be / in the bath)
b) (he / not / hear / the bell)
3.2* Complete the sentences using might not or couldn't:
1. A: Do you think she saw you? B: No, she was too far away. She couldn’t have seen me.
2. A: I wonder why she didn't say hello. Perhaps she didn't see me. B: That's possible. She might not have seen you.
3. A: I wonder why Ann didn't come to the party. Perhaps she wasn't invited. B Yes, it's possible. She ____.
4. A: Tom loves parties. I'm sure he would have come to the party if he'd been invited. B: I agree. He ____.
5. A: I wonder how the fire started. Do you think it was an accident? B: No, the police say it ____.
6. A: How did the fire start? I suppose it was an accident. B: Well, the police aren't sure. They say it ____.
4. Needn’t have done
We use needn’t have done to express the action, which was performed, but it was unnecessary. Do not confuse needn’t have done and didn’t need to! Study the following examples:
e.g. I didn’t need to get up early, so I didn’t. OR: I didn’t need to get up early, but it was a lovely morning, so I did.
e.g. I got up early because I had to get ready to go away. But in fact it didn’t take me long to get ready. So, I needn’t have got up so early. I could have stayed in bed longer.
4.1* Read the situations and make sentences with needn't have:
1. George went out. He took an umbrella because he thought it was going to rain. But it didn't rain. – He needn’t have taken an umbrella.
2. Ann bought some eggs when she went shopping. When she got home, she found that she already had plenty of eggs.
3. A friend got angry with you and shouted at you. You think this was unnecessary. Later you say to him/her: You ____.
4. Brian had no money, so he sold his car. A few days later he won some money in a lottery.
5. When we went on holiday, we took the camera with us but we didn't use it in the end.
6. I thought I was going to miss my train so I rushed to the station. But the train was late and in the end I had to wait 20 minutes.
4.2* Write two sentences for each situation. Use needn't have in the first sentence and could have in the second (as in the example):
1. Why did you rush? Why didn't you take your time? – You needn’t have rushed. You could have taken your time.
2. Why did you walk home? Why didn't you take a taxi?
3. Why did you stay at a hotel? Why didn't you stay with us?
4. Why did she phone me in the middle of the night? Why didn't she phone me in the morning?
4.3* Write didn't need to or needn't have and the correct form of the verb to complete these sentences:
1. I didn’t need to catch (catch) the bus this morning, because Vic gave me a lift.
2. I needn’t have lent (lend) him that money. I found out later that he had already borrowed all the money he wanted.
3. I _____________ (do) that homework - the teacher didn't even look at it.
4. I ____________ (take) a tent, because I knew I could hire one at the campsite.
5. You _____________ (buy) such an expensive present, but I'm very glad that you did.
6. I ____________ (take) any money: they had already told me that it wasn't necessary.
7. I ___________ (count) the money: they had already told me that it was done automatically.
8. I ___________ (work) so hard for my exams: they were much easier than I expected them to be.
9. I __________ (get up) so early: I had forgotten it was Saturday.
10. I had some friends in the town, so I _______________ (stay) in a hotel.
11. I __________ (water) the flowers; I could see that Anne had already done it.
12. You ___________ (cook) supper for me; I've already had something to eat.