- •Укладач: Андрюшкiна I.О., викл.
- •1 Модуль
- •2 Модуль
- •3 Модуль
- •4 Модуль
- •Module 1
- •1. Pronouns
- •2. Nouns
- •Accommodation, advice, baggage, behavior, bread, chaos, damage, furniture, information, luck, luggage, news, permission, progress, scenery, traffic, weather, work, etc.
- •3. Adjectives (Comparisons)
- •Irregular forms:
- •Comparative constructions:
- •4. Present Simple
- •5. Present Continuous
- •6. Present Simple and Present Continuous
- •Stative verbs
- •7. Future Simple and Present tenses with the future meaning
- •Hold, carry, cost, take place, provide, sell, use
- •Be going to
- •Finish, complain, fall off, be, miss, die, rain, drive, work, fail
- •8. Present Perfect
- •Since, yet, for, already
- •In the laboratory ....
- •9. Past simple
- •Used to
- •Write, spend, work, hold, help, act, teach, set, tell, do
- •9.6 Grammar Quiz
- •10. Present Perfect Continuous
- •11. Past Continuous
- •Grammar quiz: Simple and Continuous
- •12. Past Perfect
- •13. Past Perfect Continuous
- •14. Revision
- •Test yourself: Tenses
- •Module 2
- •1. “Say” and “tell”
- •2. Reported statements
- •3. Reported Questions
- •4. Reported commands / requests / suggestions
- •5. Modals in Reported Speech
- •6. Introductory Verbs
- •Complain, advise, refuse, warn, beg, suggest, agree, exclaim, deny, offer, insist, apologise, threaten, accuse, prefer
- •7. Revision
- •Test yourself: reported speech
- •1. If the sentence is correct, put a tick (۷). If it is wrong, write the correct variant:
- •2. Read the letter and then complete the text:
- •Passive Voice
- •1. Formation and uses
- •Ship, pick, drink, take, dry, roast, prepare, sell, sort, plant Growing and preparing coffee.
- •Grown, cut, taught, locked, sent, explained, killed, given, built, driven
- •Cause, damage, hold, include, invite, make, overtake, show, translate, write
- •2. Changing from active into passive
- •Had been given, had been told, had never been taught, was given (twice), was offered, was promised, was sent, was shown, wasn't being paid
- •3. Passive structures
- •It _____________________________________________ (be) supposed to
- •Arrive, be, block, come, park, phone, start
- •Ask, break, damage, hurt, pay, steal, sting, stop, use
- •4. Revision
- •For Love or Money
- •Test yourself: passives
- •1. Circle a passive or active verb form:
- •2. Put simple present, simple past or future passive verbs into these sentences:
- •3. Circle the best way to continue:
- •4. Put present perfect or present continuous passive verbs into these sentences:
- •5. Use the words in italics as the subjects and verbs of passive sentences:
- •Module 3 “Modal Verbs”
- •I Functions of modal verbs with the Simple infinitives
- •1. We express ability with:
- •Come eat hear run sleep wait
- •2. We express possibility / probability with:
- •3. We express permission with: (asking for permission)
- •(Giving / refusing permission)
- •4. We make requests, offers or suggestions with:
- •5. We express advice with:
- •Do, not forget, get, give, have, invite, not let, open, start, not tell
- •6. We express obligation or necessity with:
- •7. We express absence of necessity or prohibition with:
- •E.G. You mustn’t touch those wires.
- •Do, get up, go, go, pay, shave, wait, work
- •8. Typical behaviour
- •Be drive fall keep listen make play ring take talk tell
- •9. Revision
- •II *Functions of modal verbs with the Perfect, Continuous and Perfect Continuous infinitives
- •1. Could have done
- •2. Must have done & can’t have done
- •3. May / might have done
- •4. Needn’t have done
- •5. Should have done
- •6. Revision exercises
- •6.3 * Moneybags case
- •Inspector North decided to interview all the suspects separately. Complete the dialogues with the modals in brackets. Sometimes more than one is possible, but use each modal at least once:
- •Test yourself: modal verbs
- •E.G. I'll be back tomorrow unless there's a strike.
- •Note 3: We use “in case” to talk about precautions – things we do to be ready for what might happen. After “in case” we use a present tense to talk about the future.
- •2. Type Two
- •Call an ambulance, complain to the manager, run away, try to catch it, walk to the nearest garage to get some, ring the police
- •3. Type Three
- •4. Revision 1
- •5. Mixed conditionals
- •5.4 * Match the clauses and write the mixed conditional sentences:
- •6. Wishes
- •7. It’s time…
- •I'd rather you phoned her.
- •8. Revision 2
- •I could visit my friend.
- •Test yourself: conditionals Supply the correct forms of the missing verbs:
- •Write Type 2 conditionals to match these situations:
- •Comment on the following situations:
- •Supply “if not” or “unless” in these sentences. Note where you could use either:
- •Use mixed tenses in these sentences:
- •Module 4 Non-finite forms of the verb
- •1. Gerund / ing-form
- •Do, swim, fly, play, run, try, travel, lie, get, ride
- •Answer, apply, be, be, listen, make, see, try, use, wash, work, write
- •2. Could you please stop ______ so much noise?
- •About, of, in, to, after, by, for, on, at, without
- •Look in a dictionary, oil it, play loud music, rob a bank, stroke it, switch on the ignition, take an aspirin, use an extinguisher
- •5. The shops are shut now. It's too late to ____________________.
- •2. Infinitive
- •Help, stay, find, speak, look after, telephone, buy, go, go out, get on
- •Do get go ride say use
- •3. Revision: Gerund or Infinitive?
- •4. Present Participle
- •5. Past Participle
- •2. It was surpris___ to see her.
- •Test yourself: non-finites Circle the correct answer.
- •Put in the correct form of the verb.
- •Circle the correct answer.
- •Rewrite the sentences with infinitives.
- •Circle the correct answer.
- •Appendix 1 Active Voice: Formation
- •Appendix 2 Passive Voice: Formation
- •Appendix 3 The -ing form is used :
- •Appendix 4 The to-infinitive is used:
- •Appendix 5 The infinitive without “to” is used:
- •7. Can; 8. Must; 9. Shouldn’t; 10. Must not; 11. Should; 12. Have to
- •13. I will be able to speak French soon. 14. Everybody had to fill in a big form last year. 15. Everybody will have to fill in a big form next year.
- •Appendix 6
- •Verbs with prepositions:
- •Resources:
- •Укладач: Андрюшкiна I.О., викл.
Test yourself: reported speech
1. If the sentence is correct, put a tick (۷). If it is wrong, write the correct variant:
1. Shakespeare told his wife that you don't understand my work.
2. I don't know what does this word mean.
3. Please tell me what you want.
4. I asked what the time was.
5. Mary asked me where Bill lived?
2. Read the letter and then complete the text:
Dear all,
Sorry I haven't written for a few weeks. I've been too busy. I'm having a great time; I'm going to parties every night. I'm doing a bit of work too. We had an exam last week. I hope I'll get good marks.
I only have one shirt – I've lost the others. Mum, can you buy me six more? And I can’t find my raincoat. Is it at home?
My room, here isn’t very nice – I’ll have to look for a better one. And the food here in college isn’t much good, so I'm living on hamburgers. I've spent nearly all my money. Dad, can you send some more?
Can you give me Aunt Ellen's address? And I haven't heard from Sarah. Where is she living? And does John want to come and spend two or three days down here with me?
That's all for now. Love to everybody.
Joe
In his letter Joe said he was sorry that he hadn’t written for a few weeks. It was because he l ____ too busy. He 2 ____ his family that he 3 ____ a great time, but he 4 ____ some work too. He said he 5 ____ an exam 6 ____ week, and he hoped he 7 ____ get good marks. Joe 8 ____ that he only 9 ____ one shirt, because he 10 ____ the others. He asked his mother 11 ____ him six more. And he asked 12 ____ his raincoat 13 ____ at home.
His room 14 ____ not very nice, he said, so he 15 ____ have to look for a better one. And because of the bad college food he 16 ____ on hamburgers.
He said he 17 ____ nearly all his money, and asked his father 18 ____ him some more. Joe also asked his family 19 ____ him his Aunt Ellen's address. And he 20 ____ them that he 21 ____ from Sarah, and asked 22 ____ she 23 ____. At the end of the letter, Joe asked 24 ____ John 25 ____ to go and spend a few days with him.
Passive Voice
1. Formation and uses
|
|
Simple |
Continuous |
Perfect |
|
Present |
am/is/are+PP
e.g. Cars are repaired. |
am/is/are+being+PP
e.g. The car is being repaired. |
have/has+been+PP
e.g. The car has been repaired. |
|
Past |
was/were+PP
e.g. The car was repaired. |
was/were+being+PP
e.g. The car was being repaired. |
had been + PP
e.g. The car had been repaired. |
|
Future |
will be + PP
e.g. The car will be repaired. |
— |
will have been + PP
e.g. The car will have been repaired. |
Note: PP = Participle Two or Past Participle (regular verbs + -ed; irregular verb – see the third column of the table)
The passive is used:
1. When the agent (the person who does the action) is unknown, unimportant or obvious from the context.
e.g. My car was stolen yesterday. (unknown agent)
The road repairs were completed last week. (unimportant agent)
The kidnappers have been arrested. (by the police – obvious agent)
2. When the action is more important than the agent – as in news reports, formal notices, instructions, processes, headlines, advertisements etc.
e.g. Taking pictures is not allowed. (written notice)
The local bank was robbed this morning. (news report)
Bread is baked in an oven for about 45 minutes. (process)
3. To put emphasis on the agent.
e.g. The Tower of London was built by William the Conqueror.
4. To make statements more polite or formal.
e.g. My new suit has been burnt. (It’s more polite than saying “You’ve burnt my new suit.”)
1.1 Choose the best sentence from each pair to build up a continuous text:
1 a. HOW BOOKS ARE MADE
b. HOW PEOPLE MAKE BOOKS
2. a. First of all, the printers print big sheets of paper.
b. First of all, big sheets of paper are printed.
3. a. Each sheet contains the text of a number of pages (e.g. 32).
b. The text of a number of pages (e.g. 32) is contained in each sheet.
4. a. People fold and cut the sheets to produce sections of the book.
b. The sheets are folded and cut to produce sections of the book.
5. a. These sections are called signatures.
b. We call these sections signatures.
6. a. The printers put all the signatures together in the correct order.
b. All the signatures are put together in the correct order.
7. a. Then they are bound together and their edges are trimmed.
b. Then they bind the signatures together and trim the edges.
8. a. Finally, the cover – which has been printed separately – is attached.
b. Finally, they attach the cover – which they have printed separately.
9. a. Now the publishers can publish the book.
b. Now the book can be published.
1.2 Complete the sentences with a Present Simple Passive. Use the following verbs: