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2. Answer the following questions:

1. What items are included in the programming?

2. What decisions must the programmer take choosing a preferable method of solving a large problem on the computer?

3. Does the programmer make all his decisions at once?

4. What does the programmer begin with?

5. What does the term “a system flowchart” mean?

6. What are the essential steps in the computer program?

7. Who translates each block of the flowchart into one or more instructions for the computer?

8. What is the reason for using an operating system?

9. What characteristics of core-storage and input-output devices allow for multiprogramming?

10. What does “multiprogramming” mean?

11. What are the procedures of multiprogramming the supervisor provides?

12. What is the most difficult part of programming?

3. Reconstruct the text into a dialogue. The main rules governing a conversation in English:

The person who asks questions in a conversation usually controls it. Personal questions should be expressed tactfully.

Add new phrases to the previous ones:

Let’s be realistic about this plan/suggestion, etc.

I / we / you have got to think of other sides of this problem as well.

I think it would be reasonable/well-grounded/good etc. if we discussed your suggestion in detail.

That’s completely irrelevant/off the point. We’re talking about another problem.

Perhaps we could go back to the main point.

Could you stick to the subject/point, please?

That’s very interesting, but I don’t think it’s really to the point.

4. Annotate the text in English. Use the phrases:

I.

a) The title of the article is...

It is written by prof... and published in London in the

journal..., No.3, vol.4, 2011

on pp.3-10

magazine..., No.3, vol.4, 2011

collection of articles ... by... editorial house in 2011

book ... by... editorial house in 2011

b) The article... by prof... is published in the journal..., in N.Y., pp.5-10.

II.

a) The article

deals with

the problem of ...

discusses

touches

discloses

is devoted to

The text tells us about ...

b) Disclosing the problem the author dwells on (upon) such matters as...

The major

points

matters

of the text are the following: ...

problems

issues

c) The author

pays special attention to …

draws readers’ attention to …

Much

attention is paid to...

Great

Special

The author

concentrates on, focuses on

stresses, underlines, emphasises

points out

dwells on (upon)

distinguishes between

speaks in details

gives the classification

III.

a) As far as I am an expert in ... I

consider

the article to be of some (great) interest for …

believe

suppose

think

guess

b)

In my opinion

the article is of

great some

interest for

From my point of view

To my mind

the students in applied science

the specialists in...

a wide range of readers