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9. Compose sentences in English using the word-combinations from Ex. 8. Reading Comprehension

1. Review the whole text again. Outline the subject matter of the text, its components structure, topic sentences and main ideas. Use the following phrases:

The text deals with … (speaks about, presents, shows, points out, discusses, reviews, throws light on, traces the history of, etc)

The subject matter of the text is …

The text can be segmented into … paragraphs.

The first (second, third, fourth, etc.) paragraph considers … (deals with, informs of, describes, etc.)

The topic sentence of the first (second, third, fourth, etc.) paragraph is …

The main idea of the first (second, third, fourth, etc.) paragraph is …

The main idea of the text is …

The conclusion the author came to is …

The reasons for this conclusion are …

2. Say whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your choice. Use the given phrases:

It’s right. Quite so.

I quite (fully) agree to it.

Certainly. Exactly.

I doubt that …

I don’t think so.

This is not the case.

It’s wrong, I am afraid.

Quite the reverse.

The definition is inappropriate.

1. Research now does not indicate the way information is stored.

2. Short-term memory serves as a kind of holding pen for data we may or may not want to retain.

3. The capacity of STM is unlimited.

4. STM capacity can not be enhanced.

5. LTM has a comparatively limitless capacity and duration.

6. It is easy enough to explain the physiology of memory.

7. The study of the physiology of memory is in it’s infancy.

8. Researchers must not rely on analogy, on terms like storage or retrieval, to explain how we remember.

3. Answer the following questions:

1. What makes memory so hard to understand?

2. How do we recall things? What recollections are there?

3. What does the way information is stored depend upon?

4. How does short-term memory serve?

5. What is the limit of the capacity of STM?

6. How can chunks of information range in complexity?

7. What way can STM capacity be enhanced?

8. What makes it easier to memorize 12 digits?

9. What are the limits of LTM?

10. What causes the leap from STM to LTM?

11. Is it easy to observe the function of memory?

12. Is it difficult to observe the function of physiology?

13. What goes on in the brain when we process a thought?

14. What happens to the structure of a nerve pathway when data are preserved?

15. What are the two points of view on the way the brain works?

16. Is the study of physiology rather young?

17. What must researcher rely on to explain how we remember?

18. What is science providing now?

Conversational Practice

1. Speak about:

a) the way the information is stored;

b) the way the information is recollected;

c) the technique short-term memory serves;

d) the technique long-term memory serves;

e) two ideas the brain works.

2. Clarify what we mean by the phrases:

1. Short-term memory serves as a kind of holding pen for data we may or may not want to retain.

2. In order for information to make the leap from STM to LTM, it must have some significance or association.

3. Expand the given statements and develop each of them into a paragraph.

1. Short-term memory is our simplest memory-storage.

2. Long-term memory has a comparatively limitless capacity and duration.

3. The way information is stored depends upon the way it was learned in the first place.

4. Debate the given problem. It is advisable that the group be divided into two parties, each party advocating their viewpoint. Use the following introductory phases:

I will start by saying (claiming) that …

What I mean to say is …

You are free to disagree with me but …

My point is that…

Much depends on who (when, what, how) …

I’d like to make it clear…

What goes in the brain when we process a thought? Here opinions diverge. Some suggest that the structure of a nerve pathway changes when data are preserved, forming a neural road map of a thought. Others think brain works holographically, each new piece of information being stored in all areas of the brain.