4. Translate the following words and word-combinations:

as for me/her/him; to study at; I’m/he is/she is a first-year student; dean; dean’s office; subdean/assistant dean; full-time department; refectory; tutor; academic building; to occupy; to be located; to be founded; to train; graduates; the students specialize in; laboratories; tuition fee; campus; It takes me/ him/her … to do … .

5. Interview Maksym in English. Find out what he knows about the faculty he studies at:

– На якому факультеті ти навчаєшся?

– Коли був заснований факультет прикладної математики та комп’ютерно-інтегрованих систем?

– Яких спеціалістів готує факультет?

– Які ступені отримують випускники?

– В якому корпусі знаходиться деканат факультету прикладної математики та комп’ютерно-інтегрованих систем ?

– Хто ваш декан?

– Чи є заступники декана? Хто вони?

– Хто ваш куратор?

– Чи допомагає він вам адаптуватися до нових умов?

– Яка плата за навчання?

– Де живуть студенти?

– Чи далеко гуртожиток від навчальних корпусів?

– Скільки часу ви витрачаєте на дорогу?

– Скільки часу ви витрачаєте на підготовку до занять?

– Чи є в гуртожитку їдальня/читальний зал/кімната відпочинку?

– Чи подобається вам вчитися на факультеті?

6. Summarize Maksym’s answers. Use the words and word-combinations from Ex. 3.

7. Compare undergraduate academics at MIT and NUWMNRU. What is common and what is different between them? Give your reasons. Use expressions relating to the communication of opinions (Ex. 1).

8. Compare campuses at MIT and NUWMNRU. What is common and what is different between them? Give your reasons. Use expressions relating to the communication of opinions (Ex. 1).

9. You have read that most of the science and engineering classes follow a standard pattern at MIT. What about your classes? Do they differ? Give reasons.

10. You have read Mike’s letter. Have you got any questions? Send email. What questions would you ask?

11. Prove that:

a) NUWMNRU is one of rather old and prestige research centres in Ukraine.

b) MIT ranks among the best universities in the world. It is a leader in science and technology, as well as in many other fields.

Use the following words and phrases: I think that...; Frankly speaking...; I'd like to call your attention to...; This is my point of view...; I'm sure that ….

Writing

1. Using texts A, B, and C of Unit 1 write a presentation about student life at NUWMNRU and MIT.

Extended reading

Text D. Applied Mathematics Research

1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian at home. If you were a student of Applied Mathematics department at MIT, which field would you choose? Present your reasons to the whole group.

Department of applied mathematics look for important connections with other disciplines that may inspire interesting and useful mathematics, and where innovative mathematical reasoning may lead to new insights and applications.

Applied Mathematics Fields

• Combinatorics

• Computational Biology

• Physical Applied Mathematics

• Computational Science & Numerical Analysis

• Theoretical Computer Science

• Theoretical Physics

Combinatorics

Combinatorics involves the general study of discrete objects. Reasoning about such objects occurs throughout mathematics and science. For example, major biological problems involving decoding the genome and phylogenetic trees are largely combinatorial. Researchers in quantum gravity have developed deep combinatorial methods to evaluate integrals, and many problems in statistical mechanics are discretized into combinatorial problems. Three of the four 2006 Fields Medals were awarded for work closely related to combinatorics: Okounkov's work on random matrices and Kontsevich's conjecture, Tao's work on primes in arithmetic progression, and Werner's work on percolation.

The department has been on the leading edge of combinatorics for the last forty years. The late Gian-Carlo Rota is regarded as the founding father of modern enumerative/algebraic combinatorics, transforming it from a bag of ad hoc tricks to a deep, unified subject with important connections to other areas of mathematics. The department has been the nexus for developing connections between combinatorics, commutative algebra, algebraic geometry, and representation theory that have led to the solution of major long-standing problems. They are also a leader in extremal, probabilistic, and algorithmic combinatorics, which have close ties to other areas including computer science.

Computational Biology

Computational biology and bioinformatics develop and apply techniques from applied mathematics, statistics, computer science, physics and chemistry to the study of biological problems, from molecular to macro-evolutionary. By drawing insights from biological systems, new directions in mathematics and other areas may emerge.

The Mathematics Department has led the development of advanced mathematical modeling techniques and sophisticated computational algorithms for challenging biological problems such as protein folding, biological network analysis and simulation of molecular machinery.

Mathematical modeling and computer algorithms have been extensively used to solve biological problems such as sequence alignment, gene finding, genome assembly, protein structure prediction, gene expression analysis and protein-protein interactions, and the modeling of evolution. As a result, researchers are now routinely using homology search tools for DNA/protein sequence analysis, genome assembly software for world-wide genome sequencing projects, and comparative genome analysis tools for the study of evolutionary history of various species. All of these widely used tools were developed, at least in part, by MIT Mathematics Department faculty, instructors and former students. Techniques and tools developed by computational biologists are widely used to drive drug development by pinpointing targets, screening molecules for biological activity, and designing synthetic molecules for specific uses.

Exciting problems in this field range include the protein folding challenge in bioinformatics and the elucidation of molecular interactions in the emerging area of systems biology. Mathematicians will likely make significant contributions to these fundamental problems.

Physical Applied Mathematics

This area has two complementary goals:

1. to develop new mathematical models and methods of broad utility to science and engineering; and

2. to make fundamental advances in the mathematical and physical sciences themselves.

The department has made major advances in each of the following areas. Researches have developed a theoretical framework to describe the induced-charge mechanism for nonlinear electro-osmotic flow. Their work in biomimetics focuses on elucidating mechanisms exploited by insects and birds for fluid transport on a micro-scale. These and other activities in digital microfluidics and nanotechnology have applications in biologically inspired materials such as a unidirectional super-hydrophobic surface, and devices such as the `lab-on-a-chip' and micropumps. The theory of transport phenomena provides a variety of useful mathematical techniques, such as continuum equations for collective motion, efficient numerical methods for many-body hydrodynamic interactions, measures of chaotic mixing, and asymptotic analysis of charged double layers. Nanophotonics is the study of electromagnetic wave phenomena in media structured on the same lengthscale as the wavelength, and is an active area of study in our group, for example to allow unprecedented control over light from ultra-low-power lasers to hollow-core optical fibers. New mathematical tools may be useful here, to give rigorous theorems for optical confinement and to understand the limit where quantum and atomic-scale phenomena become significant. Granular materials provide challenging problems of collective dynamics far from equilibrium. The intermediate nature (between solid and fluid) of dense granular matter defies traditional statistical mechanics and existing continuum models from fluid dynamics and solid elasto-plasticity. Despite two centuries of research in engineering, no known general continuum model describes flow fields in multiple situations (say, in silo drainage and in shear cells), let alone diffusion or mixing of discrete particles. A fundamental challenge is to derive continuum equations from microscopic mechanisms, analogous to collisional kinetic theory of simple fluids. On a far larger scale, they have also been remarkably successful in unraveling some of the curious dynamics of galaxies.

Computational Science & Numerical Analysis

Computational science is a key area related to physical mathematics. The problems of interest in physical mathematics often require computations for their resolution. Conversely, the development of efficient computational algorithms often requires an understanding of the basic properties of the solutions to the equations to be solved numerically. For example, the development of methods for the solution of hyperbolic equations (e.g. shock capturing methods in, say, gas-dynamics) has been characterized by a very close interaction between theoretical, computational, experimental scientists, and engineers.

Theoretical Computer Science

This field comprises two sub-fields: the theory of algorithms, which involves the design and analysis of computational procedures; and complexity theory, which involves efforts to prove that no efficient algorithms exist in certain cases, and which investigates the classification system for computational tasks. Time, memory, randomness and parallelism are typical measures of computational effort.

Theoretical computer science is a natural bridge between mathematics and computer science, and both fields have benefited from the connection. The field is very active, with exciting breakthroughs and intriguing challenges. The P =? NP problem is one of the seven of the Clay Millennium Problems. The recent polynomial time primality algorithm received a Clay Math research award.

MIT has been the leading center for theoretical computer science for several decades. A strong group of EECS Department faculty also works in this field and runs joint activities with the Mathematics faculty through CSAIL. The RSA cryptosystem and Akamai Technologies are two important success stories that were developed by Mathematics and EECS Department faculty.

A research group investigates active areas such as quantum computation, approximation algorithms, algorithms in number theory, distributed computing and complexity theory.

Theoretical Physics

This field studies the interplay between physical theories, the insights and intuitions obtained from them, and rigorous mathematics. This applies to many parts of physics, such as classical dynamical systems, statistical mechanics, condensed matter theory, astrophysics, elementary particle theory, gravitation, and string theory. For much of the last 20 years, the work of string theorists has stimulated important developments in geometry. Seiberg-Witten theory is one prime example, which has led to work in pure mathematics.

Text E. Traditions and Student Activities

1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian at home. Does NUWMNRU have any traditions? What do you know about student activities at NUWMNRU? What do two institutions have in common? How do they differ? Comment on.

The faculty and student body highly value meritocracy and technical proficiency. MIT has never awarded an honorary degree, nor does it award athletic scholarships or Latin honors upon graduation. However, MIT has twice awarded honorary professorships: to Winston Churchill in 1949 and Salman Rushdie in 1993.

Many upperclass students and alumni wear a large, heavy, distinctive class ring known as the "Brass Rat". Originally created in 1929, the ring's official name is the "Standard Technology Ring." The undergraduate ring design (a separate graduate student version exists as well) varies slightly from year to year to reflect the unique character of the MIT experience for that class, but always features a three-piece design, with the MIT seal and the class year each appearing on a separate face, flanking a large rectangular bezel bearing an image of a beaver. The initialism IHTFP, representing the informal school motto "I Hate This Fucking Place" and jocularly euphemized as "I Have Truly Found Paradise," "Institute Has The Finest Professors," "It's Hard to Fondle Penguins," and other variations, has occasionally been featured on the ring given its historical prominence in student culture.

MIT has over 380 recognized student activity groups, including a campus radio station, The Tech student newspaper, an annual entrepreneurship competition, and weekly screenings of popular films by the Lecture Series Committee. Less traditional activities include the "world's largest open-shelf collection of science fiction" in English, a model railroad club, and a vibrant folk dance scene. Students, faculty, and staff are involved in over 50 educational outreach and public service programs through the MIT Museum, Edgerton Center, and MIT Public Service Center.

The Independent Activities Period is a four-week long "term" offering hundreds of optional classes, lectures, demonstrations, and other activities throughout the month of January between the Fall and Spring semesters. Some of the most popular recurring IAP activities are the 6.270, 6.370, and MasLab competitions, the annual "mystery hunt", and Charm School. Students also have the opportunity of pursuing externships at companies in the US and abroad.

Many MIT students also engage in "hacking," which encompasses both the physical exploration of areas that are generally off-limits (such as rooftops and steam tunnels), as well as elaborate practical jokes. Recent high-profile hacks have included the theft of Caltech's cannon, reconstructing a Wright Flyer atop the Great Dome, and adorning the John Harvard statue with the Master Chief's Spartan Helmet.

The Zesiger sports and fitness center houses a two-story fitness center as well as swimming and diving pools.The student athletics program offers 33 varsity-level sports, which makes it one of the largest programs in the US. MIT participates in the NCAA's Division III, the New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference, the New England Football Conference, the Pilgrim League for men's lacrosse and NCAA's Division I Eastern Association of Rowing Colleges (EARC) for crew. In April 2009, budget cuts lead to MIT eliminating eight of its 41 sports, including the mixed men’s and women’s teams in alpine skiing and pistol; separate teams for men and women in ice hockey and gymnastics; and men’s programs in golf and wrestling.

The Institute's sports teams are called the Engineers, their mascot since 1914 being a beaver, "nature's engineer." Lester Gardner, a member of the Class of 1898, provided the following justification:

“The beaver not only typifies the Tech, but his habits are particularly our own. The beaver is noted for his engineering and mechanical skills and habits of industry. His habits are nocturnal. He does his best work in the dark”.

MIT fielded several dominant intercollegiate Tiddlywinks teams through 1980, winning national and world championships. MIT has produced 128 Academic All-Americans, the third largest membership in the country for any division and the highest number of members for Division III.

The Zesiger sports and fitness center (Z-Center) which opened in 2002, significantly expanded the capacity and quality of MIT's athletics, physical education, and recreation offerings to 10 buildings and 26 acres (110,000 m²) of playing fields. The 124,000-square-foot (11,500 m²) facility features an Olympic-class swimming pool, international-scale squash courts, and a two-story fitness center.

2.	1. What is an Electronic Computer?
	2. Computers.
	3. The Internet Computer.
	4. English Word Building.