- •Contents
- •Unit 1. Friends
- •Vocabulary
- •How to Be a Great Best Friend
- •10 Step
- •Find the equivalents for the Russian words and word combinations in the text:
- •Answer the questions:
- •Range the steps from the text above according to your vision, the way they should be. Explain your choice.
- •Listen to Chris Johnson talking about friendship. What does he say about:
- •Listen to the recording once again and fill in the spaces. Do not forget to write out the expressions connected with the topic “Friends” into your vocabulary book:
- •Find the sentences with the linking words/word combinations in the interview. Make your examples with the linkers you have found in the interview.
- •Render the main idea of the interview to your partner keeping the key details and facts from it.
- •In groups prepare to discuss pros (good points) and cons (bad points) of these situations. Use the linking words/word combinations:
- •Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the unit:
- •Translate the story from Russian into English: Мой самый лучший друг
- •Listen to the song , fill in the spaces and sing the song:
- •I'll Be There For You
- •It's like you're always 3)______________
- •I'll be there for you
- •I'll be there for you
- •It's like you're always stuck in second gear
- •After singing the song:
- •Unit 2. Adrenalin
- •Vocabulary
- •Think over your answers to the questions below before reading the text:
- •Read and translate the text: Running Free
- •Read the article again and decide if the following statements are true (t) or false (f):
- •Render the interview keeping the main details and facts from it.
- •Do you think dangerous sports should be banned? Divide into 2 groups: the first one must provide the pros of the extreme sports and the second one – the cons.
- •Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the unit:
- •Translate the article from Russian into English: Экстрим – это образ и стиль жизни людей любящих риск и адреналин
- •Unit 3. Relationships
- •Vocabulary
- •Discuss in pairs:
- •Read and translate the text: Who Comes First?
- •Find the equivalents for the Russian words and word combinations in the text:
- •Scan the text. Are these statements true (t) or false (f)?
- •Scan the text once again. Find the answers:
- •Discuss in pairs: Which points of the text are true for your family or other families you know?
- •You will listen to people talking in eight different situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer, a, b, or c:
- •Translate the article from Russian into English: Как найти вторую половинку
- •Listen to a radio documentary about the life of w.B. Yeats, a famous poet. What do you know about him? Choose the correct answers:
- •Try to complete this famous poem by Yeats with the nouns in the box. Remember that poems often rhyme:
- •Match each verse of the poem (1-3) with a summary (a-c):
- •Have a try to give a literary translation of the poem. Unit 4. Party
- •Vocabulary
- •Think over your answers to the questions below before reading the text:
- •Read and translate the text: a Birthday Party
- •Explain the phrases in bold. Make sentences with them that will bring out the meanings.
- •Answer the questions:
- •Listen to the report again and fill in the spaces: Rio Carnival Says “No” to Violence
- •After listening write a summary of the text. Share your summary with your partner.
- •Discuss in pairs:
- •Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the unit:
- •Translate the review from a travel magazine from Russian into English:
- •Unit 5. Edible
- •Vocabulary
- •Vegetables
- •Read and translate the text: Children of the Corn
- •Correct each of these statements:
- •Complete these sentences about yourself:
- •Do you think it is wrong to kill animals for food? Why/why not? Is it more acceptable to eat fish and some types of meat than others? Is it wrong to kill animals for leather?
- •Do you agree with the vegetarians who avoid eating meat for health reasons? Why/why not?
- •Match the phrases from the article “Chocolate Is Good For Your Heart” you are going to listen to. Sometimes more than one choice is possible. Listen and check if you were right:
- •Listen to the article “Chocolate Is Good For Your Heart”. Decide if the statements below are true (t) or false (f):
- •Unit 6. Time
- •Vocabulary
- •Job hunting
- •Find English equivalents in the text:
- •Fill in the spaces with prepositions or adverbs where necessary:
- •Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the unit:
- •Match the following synonyms from the article “us Fat Cats Quizzed Over High Salaries” you are going to listen to:
- •Match the phrases from the article “us Fat Cats Quizzed Over High Salaries” you are going to listen to. Sometimes more than one choice is possible. Listen and check if you were right:
- •Listen to the article “us Fat Cats Quizzed Over High Salaries”. Decide if the statements below are true (t) or false (f):
- •Listen to the recording once again and reproduce how the words below were used in the article:
- •Discuss in pairs:
- •Read the poem and learn it by heart:
- •Leisure
- •Have a try to give a literary translation of the poem. Unit 7. News
- •Vocabulary
- •Look at the title of the article below. How is it related to the people mentioned? What information do you expect to read? Media Movers and Shakers
- •Lord Reith (1889-1971) First Director-General, bbc
- •Gilbert h Grosvenor (1875-1966) Editor-in-Chief, National Geographic Magazine
- •John Walter (1739-1812) Founder/Owner, The Times
- •Talk with your partner(s) about these e-mail problems. Agree on the three biggest and smallest. Change partners and share your findings:
- •Match the following synonyms from the article “Top Spam e-mail Sender Stays in Prison” you are going to listen to:
- •Match the phrases from the article “Top Spam e-mail Sender Stays in Prison” you are going to listen to. Sometimes more than one choice is possible. Listen and check if you were right:
- •Listen to the article “Top Spam e-mail Sender Stays in Prison”. Decide if the statements below are true (t) or false (f):
- •Vocabulary
- •Read and translate the text: The Holiday
- •1. Answer the questions to the text:
- •Find English equivalents to the following words and phrases:
- •Make up questions to which the following sentences might be the answers:
- •1.Discuss in pairs:
- •1.Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the unit:
- •What is the best holiday for you? Rank the vacation types below in order of which you like most. Talk to your partner(s) about your rankings:
- •3.Match the following synonyms from the article “Protecting Antarctica from Tourism” you are going to listen to:
- •Match the phrases from the article “Protecting Antarctica from Tourism” you are going to listen to. Sometimes more than one choice is possible. Listen and check if you were right:
- •Listen to the article “Protecting Antarctica from tourism”. Decide if the statements below are true (t) or false (f):
- •Vocabulary
- •Read and translate the text: the concrete ceiling Why women are up against it?
- •Scan the article. Which sentences have almost the same meaning as these?
- •Before listening to the article look at the headline of the article and guess whether these sentences are true (t) or false (f): Men Funnier than Women, Says Scientist
- •With your partner(s), decide on whether men or women are better at these things. Try to give real-life examples. Change partners and share your findings:
- •With your partner(s), discuss which of the items below are the subjects of jokes in your country. Can you tell and explain a joke?
- •Match the following synonyms from the article “Men Funnier than Women, Says Scientist” you are going to listen to:
- •Match the phrases from the article “Men Funnier than Women, Says Scientist” you are going to listen to. Sometimes more than one choice is possible. Listen and check if you were right:
- •Listen and fill in the spaces:
- •Vocabulary
- •Read and translate the text: What Really Does Go on in a Teenager's Bedroom?
- •Find the Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases and make up your own sentences with them:
- •Scan the text and decide if the statements are true (t) or false (f):
- •There are many different ways of talking about rules. Read these sentences from the article:
- •Before listening to the article look at the headline of the article and guess whether these sentences are true (t) or false (f): Cost of Kids
- •Match the following synonyms from the article “Cost of Kids” you are going to listen to:
- •Match the phrases from the article “Cost of Kids” you are going to listen to. Sometimes more than one choice is possible. Listen and check if you were right:
- •Listen to the article and fill in the spaces:
- •Vocabulary
- •Read and translate the text: How to Guess Your Age
- •Find the Russian equivalents for the following words and give the context in which they are used in the text:
- •Complete the sentences:
- •Use the sentences above as a plan to speak about the life of the old man.
- •Elder people often have such a habit to consider life nowadays worse than it used to be. Why, do you think it happens? How can you explain such a thing?
- •Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the unit:
- •Before listening to the article look at the headline of the article and guess whether these sentences are true (t) or false (f): New Ageism Laws Let Older Bankers Sue for Millions
- •Match the following synonyms from the article “New Ageism Laws Let Older Bankers Sue for Millions” you are going to listen to:
- •Match the phrases from the article “New Ageism Laws Let Older Bankers Sue for Millions” you are going to listen to. Sometimes more than one choice is possible. Listen and check if you were right:
- •Listen to the article and fill in the spaces: New Ageism Laws Let Older Bankers Sue for Millions
- •Listen to the recording once again and reproduce how the words below were used in the article:
- •Discuss in pairs:
- •Vocabulary
- •Read and translate the text: Are Today's Teenagers Victims of Fashion?
- •Choose six opinions expressed in the article. Find the sentences in the story where they are expressed:
- •Match the following synonyms from the article “Models under 16 Banned in London” you are going to listen to:
- •Match the phrases from the article “Models under 16 Banned in London” you are going to listen to. Sometimes more than one choice is possible. Listen and check if you were right:
- •Models under 16 banned in London
- •Listen to the recording once again and reproduce how the words below were used in the article:
- •Discuss in pairs:
- •Appendices
- •Appendix 1. Recording scripts
- •Unit 1. Friends
- •Unit 2. Adrenalin
- •Unit 3. Relationships
- •Unit 4. Party
- •Rio Carnival Says “No” to Violence
- •Unit 5. Edible
- •Chocolate Is Good for Your Heart
- •Unit 6. Time
- •Us Fat Cats Quizzed over High Salaries
- •Unit 7. News
- •Top Spam e-mail Sender Stays in Prison
- •Unit 8. Journey
- •Protecting Antarctica from Tourism
- •Unit 9. Opinions
- •Men Funnier than Women, Says Scientist
- •Unit 10. Childhood
- •Children Cost 50 Dollars a Day
- •Unit 11. Age
- •New Ageism Laws Let Older Bankers Sue for Millions
- •Unit 12. Style
- •Models under 16 Banned in London
- •Appendix 2. Useful phrases for writing essays and rendering texts
- •Introducing examples
- •Introducing facts
- •Introduction
- •(A)Sentence variety
- •Appendix 3. Writing samples
- •Introduction
- •References
Introduction
It is often said that...
It is undeniable that...
It is a well-known fact that...
One of the most striking features of this text is...
Thesis
The first thing that needs to be said is...
First of all, let us try to analyse...
One argument in support of...
We must distinguish carefully between...
The second reason for...
An important aspect of the text is...
It is worth stating at this point that...
Antithesis
On the other hand, we can observe that...
The other side of the coin is, however, that...
Another way of looking at this question is to...
Conclusion
What conclusions can be drawn from all this?
The most satisfactory conclusion that we can come to is...
To sum up... we are convinced that.../ ...we believe that.../ ...we have to accept that...
C. Remarks
Verbs
The quickest way to improve your writing is by paying attention to verbs.
English is a language rich in verbs, so the use of vague verbs or long verb phrases is unnecessary. Simply converting "takes a look at" to "examines," "talks about in detail" to "analyzes," etc. will make a difference in your prose.
Weak action verbs (such as do, get, have, go, make, say, etc.) can often be replaced by stronger ones ("has," for example, can be replaced by words like "displays," "exemplifies," "demonstrates," etc.).
Weak action verbs paired with an adverb can usually be treated similarly ("talk heatedly," for instance, becomes "argue"), as can those paired with a noun ("make an argument" becomes "argue," "give an explanation" becomes "explain," etc.).
And as much as possible, make sure your verbs are in the active voice: "He threw the ball" (active voice) rather than "The ball was thrown by him" (passive voice). As you can see, passive voice is wordier and less direct.
(A)Sentence variety
Make sure there's some variety in the length and types of your sentences. Work at occasionally opening a sentence with something other than the subject. Student writers often tend to write strings of short, simple sentences. This makes the paper choppy and makes the ideas sound simpleminded. If choppy sentences are a problem, combine some of them into longer and more complex.
Appendix 3. Writing samples
А сurriculum vitae
Curriculum Vitae Name: Steven Bradley Date of Birth: 6 December 1964 Address: 21, Tiffen Avenue, Gloucester Education/Qualifications: 1976-1983 Riverside Secondary School, Gloucester GCSEs: Maths, Economics, English, Computing, History, Political Science, Japanese, Asian Studies 'A' Levels: Maths (B), Economics (B), General Studies (B), Business Studies (B) 1983-1987 B.Sc in Business Studies — University of Wales Work Experience: April 1993 - Sept 1997 Assistant Managing Director, Melton Enterprises, London Sept 1989 - April 1993 Market Researcher, BLD Services, Oxford June 1987 - Aug 1989 Trainee Market Researcher, The Yen Company, Tokyo Other Information: • Basic Japanese • Full, clean driving licence • Interests: sailing, cooking, jogging, karate Referees: Carl Spencer (President) BLD Services 2, Downing St, Oxford Susan Marcus (Managing Director) Melton Enterprises 42, St Catherines St, London
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For and against composition
Stress - For and Against You come home from work feeling as though you have been run through the spin cycle of your washing machine. You can't wait to take off your shoes and pour yourself a (stiff ) cool drink. Stress! Everybody knows what stress is. Stress is an integral part of our urban lifestyle. It has become a normal part of life, although it is generally known that stress is bad for health. But, doesn't stress also have advantages? Is stress the same as burden? What is stress? First of all we want to make clear what exactly stress is. The body's adaptive response to abnormal circumstances (like threats or demands) from a new or changing situation is called stress. The term "stress" refers both to certain heightened mental and body states and to the causes of such states. Nowadays the symptoms of stress are well known. When the human body is under stress (whether it is real or imaginary) Adrenaline is poured into the bloodstream. As a result of that the pulse quickens, the blood pressure raises and the muscle tension increases. Furthermore you may feel more criticised by others, become more pessimistic, cynical, or resentful than usual. Things you normally look forward to may seem like a burden. A lot of people are not aware of being under stress. Some are frequently under so much stress that they assume the feeling is normal. Pros By hearing the word "stress" most people think of something unpleasant and bad. But that is only conditionally true. Stress has also several positive aspects: - A lot of people (students!) take stress as a replacement for self-discipline. They just can't start working without time- pressure. They need to know a certain date when they must finish their work.. (like students before a test) - It is known, that people work better, faster and more effective under stress. There are people, who are even more creative under stress! This is because of the height Adrenaline content into your bloodstream. - Stress is said to be the best sport doping (Adrenaline). During a sport activity, Stress encourages and raises the attention / strength. Under stress the human body is able to do better to do better physical achievements. Last but not least, some producers of stress (such as physical exercise, various emotional states, and creative activity) are usually very healthy! But be careful, continuous high levels of stress are not. On the other hand, stress has much more disadvantages than advantages. - Stress is bad for your health! A lot of people react to stress with aggressiveness, competitiveness, and self-imposed pressure to get things done. This behaviour has been linked to increased rates of heart attack, high blood pressure and other diseases. Stress can also affect the immune system, causing the body to be less resistant to a wide range of other health problems. - Most people can't think clear under stress. They make false decision and work superficial (slapdash). Stress causes reduced concentration ability. - Stress doesn't only affect you, it also has an effect on your environment. If you're under stress and nervous, your (school/work) friends automatically become like you. A stressed person has a bad influence on the work/school atmosphere. A lot of friendship have broken down because of excessive stress. Ending It is said, that stress is the most common "illness" at the moment. I am not of the same opinion. As I look at it, everybody reacts different to stress. While some people become aggressive and nervous, other people may be equally serious in their intentions, but are more patient. So, it is not possible to say, whether stress is good or bad. It just depends on the person. Furthermore I think that stress is unavoidable nowadays. But if you're once under stress, try to manage it the best possible. Why not making stress work for you as a source of energy? Better you use your energies by being creative than wasting them by getting furious. |
A letter of application: A formal letter of application is written when applying for a job or a place on an educational course. A job application usually includes educational/professional qualifications, details of previous experience as well as the applicant's qualities and skills. Previous experience should be presented in a clear order using linking words such as: currently, before this, subsequently, prior to this, following, whereupon, etc.
Useful Language: Applying for Jobs
To begin letters:
I am writing to apply for the post/position of... advertised in yesterday's ... I am writing in connection with/with regard to the vacancy in your Sales Department, as advertised in The Times on/of 14th October.
Experience/Qualifications:
I am currently/At present I am employed/working as ...
I was employed as (position) by (company) from (date) to (date)...
During this time, I held the position of .../was responsible for .../my duties included …
I have received training in .../completed an apprenticeship, etc ...
My qualifications include .../I am presently studying/attending a course ... I am due to take my final examinations in June... I have/hold/obtained/was awarded a degree/diploma/certificate in ... I have successfully/recently completed a course in (subject) at (place).
To end letters:
I enclose/Please find enclosed my CV/references from ... I would appreciate a reply at your earliest convenience/as soon as possible. I would be available for an interview at any time/until the end of June/etc. I would be pleased/happy to supply you with any further information/details ... Please contact me should you have any further questions/queries.