9. Explain the meaning of the following expressions from the text.
•To make the local population to take out the Russian citizenship;
•Poyarkov and his team were the first Russians to see Sakhalin and the Amur estuary;
•Europeans saw the Pacific Ocean for the first time;
•The first Russian stockade was built on the Pacific coast;
Lesson 2. Yerofey Pavlovich Khabarov: a Successful Commercial Man and “Getter” of Russia
1. History test. Choose the correct variant to complete the sentences:
• The word “khabar” means
a) “success” b) “traveler”
• Y.P. Khabarov was born in the family of:
a) merchants b) peasants
•He spent his childhood in the:
a) Eastern Siberia b) Western Russia
•He was:
a) a commercial man b) a clerk
• Khabarov
a) had never been imprisoned
b) had been imprisoned for two years
• Khabarov explored the Amur
a) in accordance with the Tzar’s order
b) on his own initiative
•He
a) didn’t stop at the outskirts of the future Khabarovsk
b) stopped at the outskirts of the future Khabarovsk
• Russian Tzar
a) treated him according to his merits b) didn’t treat him anyhow
• That man
a) had a family b) had not a family
•He died
a) in poverty b) being rich and famous
2. Read the text and explain the meaning of the word “khabar”. What does the word “khabar” mean?
Russian people did not give nicknames for any particular reasons. In the north-west of Russia the word ”khabar” meant: “news”, “catch”, “gain”¹, “happiness”, “luck”. Evidently Khabarov’s ancestors were lucky, because this nickname became their surname. Yerofey Pavlovich Khabarov spent his life discovering new lands, developing agriculture, trade and other lines of business.
¹gain- выигрыш 2) увеличение, рост, прирост 3) заработок 4) выручка; прибыль
3. Study the key vocabulary:
salt work - солеварня
to plough a field – пахать/вспахивать землю
to build a mill – строить мельницу
to give permission –давать разрешение
a detachment – отряд
to conquer– завоевывать
to get the trophies- получать трофеи
to prepare affairs- подготовить дела
to deprive of rank and property – лишать ранга и имущества
to acquit – оправдывать
to grant a minor noble rank- награждать младшим дворянским чином
4. Match the following word-combinations with their definitions:
•salt is produced in a _______________________
• flour is made in a________________________________
•to work on land ________________________________
•to allow something to do ____________________________
•a group of people ________________________
•to release from custody ______________________
•to make a place somebody’s property _____________________
5. Make up sentences with the key phrases.
6. Scan the table. The Most Important Periods of y. P. Khabarov’s Biography
|
Dates |
Facts of Biography |
|
about 1603-1910 |
Yerofey Pavlovich Khabarov - Svyatitsky was born in a village of Dmitrievo 60 km. off Veliki Ustug*; |
|
1620 |
He started his career as a manager for the Stroganovs at the salt works in Solvychegodsk. |
|
1625 |
To find new lands full of sables and other natural riches, Khabarov sailed from Tobolsk to Mangazeya, located in the Taimyr Peninsula*. |
|
1628-30 |
He and his brother Nikifor reached the Kheta river (eastern part of Taimyr), spent there about two years, sable-hunting and did not return home empty-handed. |
|
1632-1639 |
Yerofey reached the Lena River and settled in Ust-Kutsk stockaded town. There he started farming, sable-hunting, and fishing. But he had a conflict with Yakutsk governor Fyodor Golovin who wanted from Khabarov more than 10% of taxes to the state treasury. So he took away 300 poods of Khabarov's grain and his ploughed fields. |
|
1641 |
Khabarov’s family moved to the Kirenga River and settled in Nikolsk town. There they again ploughed fields, organized salt-working business, built a mill and traded. Soon he became a rich merchant. |
|
1643 |
Fyodor Golovin reached him again, demanded money and imprisoned for the refusal. |
|
1645 |
Yerofey Pavlovich was released from prison. He had to start from scratch. But he had heard the information about successful trip of V. Poyarkov to the Amur river and decided to organize his campaign there. |
|
1649 |
Newly appointed Yakutsk governor Dmitry Frantzbekov agreed to send a detachment of Cossacks and gave credit to state-owned military equipment, weapons, and agricultural implements. Yt also gave his own money at interest to all participants of the campaign. He ordered Khabarov to make Daurian princes to take out Russian citizenship. Khabarov gathered a detachment of 70 hunters. One Tungus trapper showed him the shorter way to the Amur through the Olekma river and and the expedition started. |
|
1650 – 1651 |
He returned back to Yakutsk, brought maps to Frantzbekov, and gathered another group of 160 Cossacks. |
|
1652 |
Khabarov’s team built Achansk town closer to the lower reaches of the Amur. There they lived for several months and had to struggle with a thousand of Manchurians. The enemies were defeated and the Russians got their trophies. But it was dangerous to stay far from Yakutsk. |
|
1653 |
Khabarov returned to the Zeya River and built there Albazin stockaded town. Meanwhile in Moscow it was decided to form a new Daurian Territorial Okrug. Dmitry Zinoviev was sent to prepare all affairs. After arrival he handed Khabarov a gold piece from the Tzar. But after a while a few people from Khabarov’s detachment complained that he was very cruel and hid money from the payment to the treasury. Having unlimited power Zinoviev publicly pulled Khabarov by beard and arrested him. So Yerofey Pavlovich was deprived of his rank and property and sent to Moscow to be tried. In Moscow Khabarov wrote a letter to the Tzar, where he described his own merits before Russia. After a year's delay he was acquitted. |
|
1655 |
Russian Tzar Alexey Mikhailovich met with Yerofey Khabarov, granted him a minor noble rank and ordered to return to Siberia. |
|
1658 |
He was appointed head of Kirenga settlement. |
|
1667 |
Vasilisa, the wife of Y. Khabarov died. His two sons Andrey and Maxim had their own families and businesses. So Khabarov decided to leave his huge property to Ust-Kirensky monastery. That year he went to Tobolsk to ask for a new permission to move to the Amur, but was refused. |
|
After 1671 |
He died at the age of about 70 years old. Yerofey Pavlovich was buried near Ust-Kirensky monastery. |
7. Translate into Russian the sentences with the key vocabulary.
8. Find the place where Y. P. Khabarov was born on map №4. Is it far from the place you live?
9. Locate of the Taimyr Peninsula (map №5). How far is it from Veliki Ustug?
10.
Answer the following questions:
• What professions did Y. Khabarov become proficient in?
• Why did he have conflicts with Yakutsk voivode Fyodor Golovin?
• What was he imprisoned for?
• Why did Khabarov decide to explore the Amur River?
• What did he do during the trip?
• Was his trip dangerous?
• What was he arrested for?
• How did Russian Tzar recognize his merits?
• Why didn’t he bequeath his huge property to his family?