Text 7a

BELARUSIAN WATER TRANSPORT

Belarus has a network of river navigable routes with the length of about 2,000 km that connect the country with bordering states. Navigation routes go along the rivers Sozh, Berezina, Dnepr, Pripyat, Neman, West Dvina and the Dnepr-Bug Canal.

The Water Transport enterprises provide

Pic. 33. A Tender Motorship

design, building and repair of vessels, cargo transportation (including sand and sand-gravel mixture,extraction and transportation) along the rivers of the Republic of Belarus. Besides, the enterprises of the branch produce wide range of products: launches, boats, waterside pontoons, 5-200 liter paint tanks and flexible concrete mats.

Their main tasks are (1) elaboration and carrying out the program of sea and inland transport development; (2) organization, formation, realization of economic and science and technical policy aimed at creation necessary conditions for effective work of sea and inland water transport enterprises, for satisfaction of national economy and population demands in cargo and passenger transportation; Pic. 34. The Motorship “Olga Somova (3) ensuring optimal interaction between different types of transport and increasing transport export service.

The Department of Sea and River Transport of the Ministry of Transport and Communication is a structural subdivision of the Ministry of Transport and Communication.

Enterprises of the river fleet fully meet the needs in transportation of passengers by the water transport of the Republic. Passenger carriage is affected in the towns of Gomel, Brest, Pinsk, Mozyr, Grodno, Mogilev and Loev.

The river fleet ofBelarus today icludes modern

Pic. 35. The Motorship “Grodno”

speedy passenger ships of Polessye type (hydrofoil craft) with the capacity of 53 persons, suburban passenger ships, tug fleet, tugged cargo ships and special ships.

The port facilities are equipped with high-performance floating and portal cranes and mechanized cargo lines designed for fast handling of ships.

Ten river ports of the Republic of Belarus (Mikashevichi, Mogilev, Pinsk, Rechitsa, Vitebsk, Grodno, etc.) are capable of transporting and handling about 22 million tons of cargo. River ports of Gomel, Bobruysk, Brest and Mozyr have railway approach lines and can be used for handling of cargo transported in different directions.

Four waterway enterprises (Gomel, Pinsk, Mozyr, Bobruysk) maintain the required depth of the rivers for navigation of pushed and tugged rolls with the capacity up to 2,000 tons. They have the required bottom-deepening and excavation facilities, modern navigation sluices and hydraulic installations as well as navigation equipment.

The Republic of Belarus has 4 shipbuilding and repair plants (Pinsk, Rechitsa, Gomel, Petrikov) the capacity of which allows building new ships with the dead weight up to 3,000 tons of any class as well as repair of ships in operation.

Pic. 36. Belarusian River Port

Design of vessels and floating means are carried out at Republican National Unitary Enterprise “Belsudoproekt” (Gomel).

The control over technical conditions of vessels, certification of items used in shipbuilding is fulfilled by the “Belarusian Inspection of River register” Republican Unitary Enterprise (Pinsk).

The control over fulfilling shipping rules in water ways, ensuring safe navigable conditions as well as holding of State Vessel Register are carried out by Belarusian River   Navigation Inspection (Gomel). Transport forwarding companies Republican Unitary Enterprise “Sea Belarusian Steam Navigation and  Belarusian  Navigable  company”, “Belarusian Transport forwarding and Chartering Company”  working in the system of  the Water Transport provide sea cargo   transportation.

Although Belarus is an inland state, it strives to create its own sea trade fleet. Our government sees a lot of advantages in creating its national fleet. One of them is to create jobs for its citizens with maritime professions, another - it will be more convenient for Belarus to transport its production itself.

The year of 2004 saw significant efforts in the field of developing sea shipping in accordance with the instruction of the Belarusian president. The efforts are still underway. The appropriate treaty-legal base was drawn up for the sea shipping activities. In particular, the Inland Water Transport Code and the Commercial Navigation Code were adopted; intergovernmental agreements with Ukraine, Lithuania and Latvia were concluded on the development of inland navigation and transit shipping through ports.

The Belarusian government has stepped up its efforts to create a national merchant fleet. The transport ministry of the Republic of Belarus already has a sea-shipping department. Simultaneously the Belarusian sea lines company is being setting up to carry out sea activities under the government's Program of Inland and Sea Water Transport Development till 2010, which was adopted back in 2003. It is planning that at least two vessels representing our own sea trade fleet of 25 thousand tons displacement will be either leased or bought. They will carry out sea transportations under the Belarusian flag. Now the financial issues are being considered. As for the Navy development, the President stated that Belarus was considering "taking one surface ship and a submarine under Belarusian patronage."

Ex. 7. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Give grounds to your answer:

1. Belarus has a large network of navigable river and sea routes. 2. The Water Transport enterprises not only provide design, building and repair of vessels and cargo transportation but also produce wide range of products. 3. Passenger water carriage is affected in the regional centres of the Republic. 4. There are ten river ports of the Republic of Belarus. 5. The number of waterway enterprises and shipbuilding and repair plants in the Republic is the same. 6. The control over technical conditions of vessels, certification of items used in shipbuilding, fulfilling shipping rules in water ways, and ensuring safe navigable conditions is fulfilled by the “Belarusian Transport forwarding and Chartering Company”. 7.  Being an inland state, Belarus looks forward to create its own sea trade fleet. 8. As for the development of the sea fleet, Belarus is considering merchants projects only.

Ex. 8. Answer the following questions:

1. What are the main navigation routes in Belarus? 2. What are the aims and tasks of Water Transport enterprises? 3. Is there a special Ministry for Sea and River Transport in our republic? 4. What does the river fleet of Belarus today include? 5. What is the capacity of Belarusian river ports? 6. What port facilities are provided for Belarusian ports? 7. What facilities and equipment must waterway enterprises be provided? 8. What organizations control the different aspects of water transport operation in Belarus? 9. What advantages are there in creating Belarusian national sea fleet? 10. What efforts for developing Belarusian sea shipping are underway? 11. What is included in the government's Program of Inland and Sea Water Transport Development?

Ex. 9. Translate into English:

1. Наша страна обладает обширной сетью речных судоходных путей, связывающих ее с соседними государствами. 2. Предприятия водного транспорта обеспечивают проектирование, строительство и ремонт речных судов, также как и грузовые перевозки по рекам нашей республики. 3. Предприятия отрасли производят широкий спектр продукции, полностью отвечающей требованиям водного транспорта республики. 4. Эти меры обеспечивают активное взаимодействие различных типов транспорта для эффективной работы предприятий данной отрасли. 5. Плавучие и портовые краны с высокой производительностью работы предназначены для быстрой загрузки и разгрузки кораблей. 6. Подведенные железнодорожные пути могут использоваться для транспортировки товаров из порта в различных направлениях по всей республике. 7. Водные предприятия должны иметь необходимое оборудование для углубления русла и земляных работ, чтобы поддерживать требуемую глубину на судоходных реках. 8. Производственные мощности этой верфи позволяют строить корабли практически любого класса. 9. Данный проект все еще находится в стадии разработки. 10. Программа предусматривает покупку нескольких торговых судов, водоизмещением до 25 тысяч тонн каждое.

Ex. 10. Define the main topic and idea of the text, split it into the logical parts, and make up the plan of the text.

Ex. 11. Abstract the text.

Ex. 12. Skim the text B: