4) Installation of Boilers:

The principle of integrating into combinations greatly reduces the labour and time required for installing boilers. To simplify and speed up the installation of boilers a considerable amount of work which was previously performed on the building berth or while prefabricating the blocks is now performed in the boiler shop (or at the boilermaking works); this includes the adjust­ment and installation of fittings and fireboxes; the installation of the piping in the boiler; the installation of base plates and brick linings, insulation of the boilers, etc. The boilers are supplied to the ship fully fitted out for installation, i.e., in the form of integrated combi­nations of equipment. Installation of the main boilers can commence as soon as the basic hull welding is complete and the watertightness tests have been made in the boiler room region.

The foundations for water tube boilers usually consist of separate welded pedestals; these are mounted beneath the forward and after ends of the lower drums. The drums are secured (in the shop) by the screws to the boiler supports, the lower parts of which are filed and mounted on the base members, the latter welded to the supporting surfaces of the foundations. The supports are bolted on by the bolts. In order that the boiler shall be able to expand when heated, part of the supports has to be made moving.

When water tube boilers are installed, the supporting surfaces of the foundations and the lower surfaces of the boiler supports must be adjusted to one another; this is done by filing the supporting base members. New methods of installing water tube boilers as integrated combinations of equipment have therefore been worked out; with these methods there is no need for machining the supporting surfaces of the boiler foundations: the boiler is installed using an intermediate frame or intermediate parts in the founda­tion. In this case the boiler foundation pedestals are as it were separated into two parts in depth; the upper parts of these pedestals are connected together by box girders into a separate frame called the "intermediate frame". When the intermediate frame has been assembled and welded, the supporting surfaces of its pedestals are machined. The frame is now transported to the assembly stand, and when it has been checked and fixed in position the boiler is fully assembled on it. The boiler supports are finally fixed to the frame pedestals, and spacing pieces are inserted into the gaps at the moving supports in order to fix their position.

At present the principle of integrating into combinations is ap­plied to auxiliary machinery and the apparatus and devices associated with it, which are mounted on the same foundation frame; the principle is also applied to integrating machinery and devices in common housings. Calculations have shown that, in certain cases, the integration of auxiliary machinery on common foundation frames reduces the weight of the founda­tions by 20-25%, reduces the amount of labour required for their fabrication by 75%, and reduces the labour required for their instal­lation on board ship by 60-70%; the amount of piping used is also reduced.

Ex. 19. Answer the questions:

1. What does the term “installation” mean? 2. What is the first stage of installation work? 3. Where is the most of the installation work performed? 4. What does installing of the systems on a ship include? Enlist the consequence of operations. 5. Why is the sailmaking work still used in modern shipbuilding (exclude sailing vessels)? 6. Can you name the stages of equipping a ship electrically? 7. What categories can the auxiliary ma­chinery be subdivided into? 8. What is the difference in mounting the machinery of these categories? 9. Are the shock absorbers completely reliable? 10. Why is a considerable amount of work for the installation of boilers performed in the boiler shop? 11. What do the foundations for boilers usually consist of? 12. What are the new methods of installing water tube boilers? 13. What are the advantages of the principle of integrating into combinations? 14. Is this principle used in shipbuilding only?

Ex. 20. Report on:

1. hull installation work;

2. electrical installations;

3. installation of the auxiliary machinery;

4. installation of boilers;

5. integrated methods of installation.

Ex. 21. Abstract the text in short.

Ex. 22. Speak on the topic “Shipbuilding Technology”.