Contents

Unit I. Water Text 1A. Water in Human Life Text 1B. Human Settlements and Water Text 1C. River and Coastal Cities Unit II. Ports Text 2A. Ports and Harbours Text 2B. Ports of Britain Text 2C. London Port Unit III. World Shipping Text 3A. Shipping Text 3B. Navigating a Ship Text 3C. Safety at Sea Unit IV. Water Ecology Text 4A. Environmental Impact of Shipping Text 4B. Pollution by Ships Text 4C. Dredging Unit V. Early History of Shipbuilding Text 5A. Ancient Ships Text 5B. Fishing Vessel of Russian Coast-Dwellers Text 5C. Medieval Ships Unit VI. Full-Riggers Text 6A. Colonial Expansion Text 6B. Packets and Clippers Text 6C. Modern Riggers Unit VII. Steam Power Text 7A. First Steamboats Text 7B. Steel Ships Text 7C. Further Development of Engine-Powered Ships Unit VIII. Great Britain as a Sea-Faring Nation Text 8A. Being Sea-Faring Text 8B. Creation of the Royal Navy Text 8C. The Way of Glory Supplementary Texts Abbreviations Geographical and Proper Names Vocabulary

4 6 9 11 15 17 20 22 25 27 30 33 35 37 41 45 46 48 53 55 60 63 66 71 75 78 82 85 89 92 95 98 102 109 110 116

Unit I water

Ex. 1. Translate the words, practise their pronunciation and put them into your active vocabulary:

Flood, floodplain, confluence, site, gulf, waterfront, recreation, warehouse, seal, preponderance, property, productivity, suburb, fertilization, dimension, response, infinity, shipyard, cluster, emergence, armoury, passage, superstition, mermaid, ghost, abundance, aridity, failure, disaster, famine, poison, solvent, household, faucet, precipitation, pipeline, dam, scale, activity, sewage, acid;

To integrate, to foster, to bless, to outline, to sustain, to appreciate, to evolve, to comprise, to concern, to testify, to traverse, to deify, to threaten, to oblige (to), to adapt, to challenge, to consume, to flush, to dissolve, to venture, to assume;

Picturesque, decisive, aesthetic, urban, medieval, antique, maritime, representational, obsolete, essential, vital, crucial, meager, average, adequate;

Eventually, properly

Ex. 2. Insert the right word:

Waterfront, response, medieval, suburb, maritime, antique, confluence, bless, outlined, picturesque, integrated, appreciate.

1. Computers nowadays are … in our every-day life as an inseparable element. 2. Trinity … is one of the most remarkable districts in the centre of Minsk. 3. Minsk was founded on the … of Svisloch and Nemiga. 4. My words had no any … . 5. This beach attracts tourists because of its … … . 6. God … you! 7. He has a great talent but doesn’t … it. 8. He clearly … our further actions. 9. The Crimea is a … resort famous all over the world. 10. There are several valuable … and … coins in his collection.

Ex. 3. Change the words of italic type with their synonyms from your active vocabulary:

1. A river crossing has always been a preferable place for city construction. 2. This aspect must be also taken into account. 3. The child was treated like a greenhouse plant. 4. This bay suits for the rest zone rather well. 5. The reconstruction of this old-fashioned shipbuilding plant was completed last year. 6. They valued my opinion rather high. 7. He shouted for help but there was no answer. 8. The plan is not ready. I’ve just drawn a rough copy. 9. At present the environmental problems of huge megapolises make the city population concentrate mainly in the outskirts. 10. The group of the stores spoils the scenic view of this shore.

Ex. 4. Define in one word:

1. a substance that can cause sickness or death;

2. to make the God of smth;

3. belonging to the city (town);

4. the place where ships are made;

5. it cannot be measured or calculated;

6. very beautiful, good-looking, aesthetic (especially about landscapes, buildings, etc.)

7. an active chemical substance being used in private life for removal of spots, cleaning, etc.

8. necessary for life;

Ex. 5. Translate into Russian:

an element integrated the convenience of transport

the seasonal fertilization a walled district

a sustained production to be fortified

vitally dependent source of drinking water and power

waterfront cities aesthetic dimensions

to be richly blessed a band of illuminated cities

waterside promenade to be scaled to the infinity of the sea

to be worth mentioning to admire from a distance

recreational zones facing south

important waterways economic and industrial growth

political arguments settled close to water

seal hunting other necessities

on a global scale to develop as a response

much more expensive to be originally located

rational city planning common-sense issues

Ex. 6. Read and translate the text: