- •Contents
- •Unit I water
- •Text 1a water in human life
- •Text 1b
- •Text 1c
- •Unit II ports
- •Text 2a
- •Text 2b
- •Text 2c
- •Unit III world shipping
- •Text 3a
- •Text 3b
- •Text 3c
- •Unit IV water ecology
- •Vocabulary.
- •Text 4a
- •Text 4b
- •Text 4c
- •Unit V early history of shipbuilding
- •Vocabulary:
- •Text 5a
- •Text 5b
- •Text 5c
- •Unit VI full-riggers
- •Text 6a
- •Text 6b
- •Text 6c
- •Unit VII steam power
- •Text 7b
- •Text 7c
- •Unit VIII great britain as a sea-faring nation
- •Text 8a
- •Text 8b
- •Text 8c
- •Supplemantary texts
- •Abbreviations
- •Geographical and proper names
- •Vocabulary
Unit II ports
Ex. 1. Translate the words, practise their pronunciation and put them into your active vocabulary:
Reason, location, trade, freighter, cargo, ferry, turnover, anchor, quay, contingency, defence, fairway, vessel, lock, security, canal, lighthouse, pilot, remains, legislation, shipwreck, shelter, tide, abandonment, traffic, petroleum, coal, fuel, flow, decline, volume, shift, marsh, ford, conquest, manufacture, consumption, advantage, sight, tug, barge, craft;
To mention, to transfer, to appoint, to increase, to decrease, to handle, to establish, to involve, to install, to amount, to reduce, to stretch, to fortify, to ensure, to emerge, to tempt, to undergo;
Favourable, domestic, total, afloat, substantial, conventional, convenient, relevant, prosperous, former, swift;
Comparatively, entirely, previously;
Owing to
Ex.2. Insert the right word:
Freighter, increase, undergone, coal, pilots, mentioned, advantage, cargo, petroleum, lighthouses, reducing, vessel, tempted, shipwrecks, conquest, fuel, manufacturing, traffic, installed.
1. … and … help ships to avoid … in unknown waters. 2. A … is a sailing … carrying various types of … . 3. The street … is rather heavy in this district. 4. It should be … that this branch of … has … considerable changes in recent years. 5. The riches of the New World … numerous adventurers from Europe. 6. Tankers are used for transporting of … products. 7. The new machinery must be … to … the production. 8. The Norman … played a great role in the development of Britain. 9. The main … of this technology is the … of labour costs. 10. … was the major … for steam engines in the XIXth century.
Ex. 3. Change the words of italic type with their synonyms from your active vocabulary:
1. This river has a complex system of floodgates for providing shipping. 2. The storm is coming. We must find a cover. 3. The ruins of the ancient castle had a picturesque view. 4. The bogs in this region range along for many miles. 5. One can notice a serious decay in the region’s inland trade. 6. The new equipment mounted in the shop must raise the production safety. 7. Due to the appropriate harbour position it perfectly suits for the port construction. 8. Some people cannot make any serious decisions and prefer to go with the stream. 9. These heavy goods must be transmitted to the other board in order not to disturb the balance. 10. The construction of the bridge here instead of the river passing downstream will shorten the way twice.
Ex. 4. Define in one word:
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a tower which shows the sailors where the shore is;
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quick-moving;
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to control the process;
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a person who shows the way to the ship in unknown waters;
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a vessel carrying cargo, transport and passengers across channels, bays, etc.;
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a chance event;
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a place for ships and boats to be tied up at;
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a ship for carrying goods;
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a law or a rule;
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to be equal to smth
Ex. 5. Translate into Russian:
important port cities
naturally favourable conditions
international and domestic traffic
loading sites
with turnover of
appointed sites for anchoring
shipping infrastructure
to fall under the legislation
ancient underwater remains
sea bottom
comparatively small number
thanks to the high tides
to provide regular sailings
the shortest crossing points
to be in deep decline
ocean-going ship
from the other hand
overlooking the marshlands
alongside the river
a fortified town
a trading centre
Britain’s leading port
political and administrative functions
a source of progress and prosperity
from time to time
rather tempting to invaders
the maximum mark of
one of the great advantages
Ex. 6. Read and translate the text: