UNIT
5
; LANGUAGE
MATERIAL
1.
Прочитайте новые слова вслух, познакомьтесь
с их русскими эквивалентами! Определите
их значения в данных предложениях.
SCIENTIST Kurchatov
is one of the greatest ученый
scientists of the 20th century.
TO
CARE (FOR) That a mother cares for her children любить,
заботиться
о
ком-л.
is only natural.
TOMAKE
(MADE)v ; - /■' . W ;
делать;
изготавливать 1)
Did you make (сшила)
this dress or
did
you buy it?
заставлять 2)
What makes you leave town so
early?
TO
DIE Alfred Nobel, a Swedish engineer and умирать
chemist, who invented dynamite,
died
in 1896 at the age of sixty- three.
EXPLOSIVE
[s]
взрывчатое
вещество 1)
They used explosives to cut the
tunnel
through the mountain.
взрывчатый 2)
The group of engineers worked on
new
explosive materials for industrial usage.
TO
EXPLODE The builders had to explode the rock to
взрывать(ся) construct
the railway in the region.
MINE The
hardest work in mines is now
performed
by robots, шахта ^ f,
WAR Her
father fought in two wars, война
117Inventors and their inventions
Vocabulary
TO
KILL убивать
ТО
INJURE
повредить,
ранить
USELESS
бесполезный
И.
WHILE
пока
(в то время как)
время
(некоторое время)
ТО
AVOID
избегать
ТО
EXPECT
ожидать,
предполагать
ТО
DESERVE
заслуживать
PLENTY
OF много
GOVERNMENT
правительство
ТО
GOVERN
управлять
THEN
затем,
тогда
SUDDENLY
вдруг,
внезапно
BACK
назад,
обратно ТОО
тоже,
также
слишком
OWN
собственный ТО
OCCUR
случаться,
происходить
118
2)
приходить
на
ум 2)
It
never
occurred to
him that
the
accident
happened because of his mistake.
EXCELLENT This
student passed all his отличный,
превосходный
examinations with excellent marks.
TO
MASTER д
p^yg^t js
a
person who has овладеть,
изучить
mastered many different languages.
ABILITY His
extraordinary ability to work day способность,
умение
and night was known to his
colleagues.
REALLY Are
you really interested in this действительно
problem?
SELDOM I
He seldom goes out редко
MEANING He
could not understand the text as he значение,
смысл
did not know the meaning of many
of
the words.
PROBABLy She
will probably be here today, вероятно
ABOUT
о,
относительно 1)
He told us about the results of his
research
work.
вокруг 2)
There was nobody about
приблизительно,
около 3)
What's the time? - It's about five.
EVERY I
see my brother every day. каждый
OPPORTUNITY We’ll
give you an opportunity to speak благоприятная
возможность
to them.
USED
TO When he was a student he used to go to имел
обыкновение,
бывало
the country every weekend
TIME
время ОI
don't have much time for sports.
раз 2)
Pete’s memory was not very good,
so
he had to repeat new words many times to remember them well.
TO
BELIEVE
верить 1)1
d°n’1
believe what he says.
полагать 2)1
Micvc
Уои
m
TO
JUSTIFY 1
believe yop will justify all our hopes.
оправдывать
119
37.
TO RESPECT
Не
is respected by eveiyone.
уважать
THREAT
угроза
TO
THREATEN угрожать,
грозить
NUCLEAR
ядерный
TO
FORM образовать,
создавать
AS
FOLLOWS
как
ниже следует, следующим образом
ABOLITION
отмена,
упразднение
ENCOURAGEMENT
поощрение
ТО
CHOOSE
(CHOSE, CHOSEN) выбирать
ТО
WIN
(WON)
победить,
одержать победу
выиграть,
получить (приз)
The
summer was very diy and there was a threat of fires in the forests.
Did
they threaten you?
He
studied nuclear physics at the university.
The
International Children’s Fund was formed to improve the living
conditions of children.
The
load was distributed as follows: each lony carried twenty tons.
The
development of cars in England led to the abolition of various acts
which limited the speed of the motor transport.
The
encouragement of - technical conferences and symposia was the aim of
the international scientific committee.
There
are some books on the table. You may choose any book you like.
The
Soviet people won a great victory in 1945.
She
won first prize in the figure- skating championship.
Прочтите
следующие интернациональные слом
вслух и, основываясь на значениях
соответствующих
русских слов, определите их значения.
industrialist
[in'dAStrislist] contrast [’kontrast] millionaire [,miljVnea]
idealist [afdolist] patriotic [,p*tri'otik] dynamite ['dainamait]
industry ['indastri] laboratory [la'boratari]
120
philosophy
[fi'bsafi] memorial [mi'mairwl] nation ['neifn] prize [praiz]
chemistry ['kemistri] physiology [,fizi'olad3i] medicine ['medsm]
progressive [pra'gresiv]
chemist
['kemist] linguist [’liggwist] financial [fafnaenjal] company
['клтрэш]
organization
[,o:gonai'zeiJn] conference ['konfsrans] nationality [,nxja'nxliti]
Найдите
в
каждом ряду
слово, перевод которого дан в начале
ряда.
способность
значение
повреждать
избегать
заслуживать
выбирать
выигрывать
отмена,
упразднение
шахта
оправдывать
a)
opportunity, b) ability, с)
difficulty, d) property a) understanding, b) beginning, с)
meaning,
opening
a)
to injure, b) to kill, c) to explode, d) to abolish a) to threaten,
b) to expect, c) to avoid, d) to deserve a) to respect, b) to
encourage, c) to occur, d) to deserve
a)
to choose, b) to offer, c) to develop, d) to install a) to grow, b)
to need, c) to win, d) to build a) consideration, b) education, c)
competition,
abolition
a) site, b) mine, c) field, d) tube a) to justify, b) to threaten,
c) to cause, d) to introduce -
Найдите
в каждом ряду слово, близкое по значению
первому слову ряда.
plenty
of
to
occur
to
make
believe
to
care
to
come back
too
a)
much, b) little, c) enough, d) few a) to injure, b) to avoid, c) to
happen, d) to justify a) to choose, b) to do, c) to master, d) to
win a) to respect, b) to abolish, c) to deserve, d) to consider
a)
to like, b) to encourage, c) to govern, d) to use a) to leave, b) to
return, c) to retreat, d) to avoid a) while, b) almost, c) again, d)
also
Подберите
uapu
слов, имеющих противоположные значения.
A.
seldom excellent plenty of never useless to come back full easy
Б.
peace to open now busy to leave rich empty difficult
121
|
|
often |
|
poor then |
useful |
|
war |
always |
|
to close |
bad |
|
free |
little |
|
to offer |
to refuse |
Прочитайте
и переведите па русский язык следующие
словосочетания,
to
have an excellent opportunity to believe in progress to have plenty
of free time to be a really good doctor to achieve excellent results
to be seldom free
to
fmd the meaning of the new word in the dictionary to think about the
meaning of life to see something with one's own eyes to come back
late it occurred during the war to be a famous scientist scientific
research work while he was translating the article to care for
children to justify one’s hopes
to
win victory
to
win the first prize at the championship to deserve a good mark for
the answer to respect old people to encourage one's initiative the
threat of nuclear war to work in the mine
to
use explosive materials for the experiment
the
explosion occurred in the old mine to avoid driving during rush
hours to choose the best translation to master two foreign languages
to invest the capital into the new fields of industry to be injured
at the car accident
Сыграйте
в лото, изучив инструкцию. Word
Bingo
Look
at the list of words given below. Write down any five words. The
teacher
is going to read the definitions of all the words in random order.
If
you
hear the definition of one of the words you have chosen, cross it
out.
The
first student to cross out all the words he or she has chosen calls
out
“Bingo”
and reads the words to prove his/her claim.
Words:
foot, language, examination, physics, explanation, mathematics,
traffic, invention, history, nature, achievement, time, steam, coal,
tunnel, sandwich, experience, experiment, speed, accident, clay,
science, discovery, railway, problem.
122
8.
Решите кроссворд.
A
statement saying that something is true.
Very
high quality.
A
person who tells somebody what should
be done.
A
part of anything.
Not
to pay attention to something.
An
institution for educating children.
Wanting
to know or learn about something.
We
are very tired because our ... was very
hard.
Don’t
speak so quickly, I don’t... you.
WORD-BUILDING
а)
Проанализируйте модели образования
слов, прочтите н переведите слова н
словосочетания, созданные на их
основе, б) Затем переведите предложения
и словосочетания в разделе Б.
А.
МОДЕЛЬ
12
основа
существительного
+ -ous
-> прилагательное
monotonous
- монотонный
nervous
-
monotony
- монотонность
nerve
- нерв
danger
- опасность
ceremony
- церемония
religion
- религия
glory
- слава
harmony
- гармония
dangerous
- _
ceremonious -
religious
-
glorious
-
МОДЕЛЬ
13
+
-ance/-ence
-> существительное
основа глагола
|Я ШМШЙ Ц прилагательное
to
differ
- различаться
to
insist
- настаивать to
depend
- зависеть to
correspond
- соответствовать to
resist
— сопротивляться to
assist
- помогать to
signify
- иметь значение
difference
- различие,
different - различный
insistence,
insistent -
dependence,
dependent -
correspondence,
correspondent - _
resistance,
resistant -
assistance,
assistant — significance, significant -
123
МОДЕЛЬ
14
основа
прилагательного
black
-
черный
deaf
- глухой
clean - чистый
cold - холодный
dark - темный
great - великий
white - белый
Б.
absence
- отсутствие confident
- уверенный competence
- компетентность
prudent
- осторожный ignorance
- невежество to
coexist
- сосуществовать
conscience
— совесть contempt
- презрение curiosity
- любопытство, любознательность
access
- доступ
acute
- острый to
accept
- принимать
complete
- законченный
rude
- грубый quick
- быстрый
ness
-> существительное
blackness
- чернота
deafness
-
cleanness
-
coldness
-
darkness
-
greatness
-
whiteness
-
John
is absent. -
1
have no confidence in you. -
a
competent specialist -
an
incompetent person —
necessary
prudence —
an
ignorant person —
peaceful
coexistence —
coexistent
countries —
a
conscientious person —
a
contemptuous smile —
a
curious person —
an
accessible mountain —
accessibility
of the mountain — _
acuity
of hearing —
acceptable
terms (условия)
—
acceptability
of terms —
the
completeness of the operation
the
rudeness of the boy —
the
quickness of the decision — __
10.
Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий
корень со словами перед текстом.
Определите,
к какой части речи они относятся и
каковы их значения. Затем прочтите
и
переведите текст.
to
equip
- оборудовать proper
- правильный improvement
- усовершенствование
to
execute - исполнять
entire - весь,
целый
to contribute - вносить
вклад
able - способный
124
|
Согласование времен | |
|
He says |
He said |
|
1) that he works hard. |
1) that he worked hard. |
|
2) that he worked hard. |
2) that he had worked hard. |
|
3) that he will work hard. |
3) that he would work hard. |
The
Job Interview
Boris
had a job interview a few days ago at the Insurance (страховая)
Company, The interview lasted almost an hour and Boris had to answer
a lot of questions.
First
the interviewer asked Boris where he had gone to school and if he
had had any special training. She also asked him where he had
worked. Boris answered that he had graduated from a specialized
English school and a financial college and had worked at the bank.
Boris also mentioned that his English was good. He answered all the
questions well and he hoped he would get a job at the company.
а)
Проанализируйте приведенные примеры
в правой и левой колонках, б) Затем
переведите предложения в Б, обращая
внимание на согласование времен. 1. Неsays that he knows your friend. 2. She
thinks that you passed your examination in physics. 3. They
know you will graduate from the Institute next year.
125
He
said that he knew your friend.
She
thought that you had passed your examination in physics.
They
knew you would graduate from the Institute the next year.
|
Местоимение |
some |
лау |
по |
|
Утвердительное предложение |
+ |
А |
■ - _ |
|
Вопросительное предложение |
.' - . • |
+ |
- |
|
Отрицательное предложение |
■ ■ тСг |
|
+ |
126
somebody
anybody nobody someone anyone no one something anything nothing