UNIT 8

TRAVELLING BY CAR

LANGUAGE MATERIAL VOCABULARY

1. Прочитайте новые слова вслух, познакомьтесь с их русскими эквивалентами. Опре­делите их значевш в данных предложениях.

1. INTRODUCTION The professor started the lecture with a введение, вступление short introduction.

2. TO MEAN'(MEANT) The English word quality means значить; иметь в виду «качество».

3. GOODS High-quality goods are sold here, товары, груз

4. ALSO We speak English and we also write it тоже, также

5. VEHICLE One can see many old vehicles in the экипаж, повозка, автомобиль museum of cars.

6. LORRY Lorries were used to transport sand to грузовик the site.

7. COACH A huge coach appeared from around карета, экипаж; автобус (между- the corner.

городный)

8. THE SAME I think the same as you about the тот (же) самый, одинаковый matter.

9. STAGE This discovery opened a new era in стадия, этап physics.

10. DIRECTLY The workers assembled the units прямо, непосредственно directly on the site.

11. WIND The wind was rising, ветер

12. INTERNAL Parliament discussed the internal внутренний trade problems.

19° ...

13. COM USTION Combustion of petrol produces more

^сгоР^анис heat than combustion of coal.

13. ENGINE j^_c combust^ ₀f an air and gasoline

mixture takes place inside the

. internal combustion engine.

13. SOURCE Books are a source of knowledge, источник

14. TO SETTLE

1. разрешать (вопрос) 1) They will have to settle the problem

of transport in the city.

2. поселяться 2) The people settled near the river.

13. SOIL This soil needs stabilization before the почва, грунт construction starts.

14. TO BEAT (BEAT, BEATEN) ⁴J; They beat the prisoner unconsci- бить ous.

15. BACKWARD He was rather backward as a отсталый child.

16. TO VARY The results varied with the material менять, изменять used.

17. GENERAL What was the general idea of his общий, обычный, главный lecture?

18. TO DRAG He could hardly drag himself along.

тащить

13. BECAUSE OF Because of his bad leg, he couldn't из-за, благодаря, вследствие walk as fast as the others.

14. WEIGHT What is your weight?

вес

25. AT ONCE The letter was of great importance and сразу, немедленно he had to answer it at once.

26. TO LEAD (LED) The traveller wanted to know where

вести ^{Ле road led}

25. WIDE The road is very wide here.

28TOP/WE The road was paved with brick.

мостить You fail your exam unless you

^UNLESS work harder,

если не larger part of the Earth’s

30. SURFACE surface is covered with water,

поверхность j_s vegetarian, he eats chiefly

Ж CHIEFLY vegetables, глазным образом

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32. GRADUALLY ¹¹ was getting dark gradually, постепенно

33. RATHER He felt rather tired.

до некоторой степени, довольно The wind is rather cold.

32. DISTANCE The distance from here to the rail^ расстояние station is 5 km.

33. DEVICE A new safety device has been устройство introduced to regulate traffic.

34. TO CONNECT A new railway will connect the [щ связывать with the capital.

35. DUE The train will arrive in due time, должный, надлежащий

36. TO CHARGE

1. взимать плату 1) They don’t charge for parking here.

2. заряжать 2) The battery has not been charged

yet.

2. Работа со словарем. Прочтите предложения, определите исходную форму выделен­ных слов, назовите, какой частью речи они являются, и найдите соагветсгеуюшк значения этих слов в словаре.

1. a) What do you mean by your remark?

2. She remarked that it was getting dark.

3. The teacher made no remarks about my report.

2. a) They were discussing current events.

2. The warm currents in the Atlantic Ocean influence the climate of Great Britain.

3. The physicist was studying the properties of electric current.

3. a) The force of gravity pulls things towards the earth’s centre.

2. The force of steam moves the engine.

3. They forced the enemy to retreat.

4. a) We heard steps outside.

2. An old man stepped heavily.

3. The steps were made of stone.

5. a) There was something wrong with the front wheel of the car.

2. The boys wheeled the vehicle into the yard.

3. Nobody knows when the wheel was invented.

6. a) The weight of the snow on the roof caused the house to coII*P^s

2. Their son's failure meant the collapse of his hopes.

3. The bridge collapsed into the river.

1. a) After a delay of half an hour they started to work.

2. The street traffic was delayed by the demonstration.

3. The secretary was asked to answer the letter without delay.

2. a) He always pays his rent in time.

2. What pay do you get for your work?

3. 1 paid much money for a new car.

3. a) The stretch of the road from the airport to the town is to be

reconstructed.

2. A rope was stretched across the room.

3. She decided to stretch her new shoes by wearing them.

4. a) The documents were handed over to the writer who wanted to

include them into his nov©l.

2. It was dark and the mother took her child by the hand.

3. She was handed the prize for singing.

5. a) The house must be repaired within a year.

2. The repair of the car cost him a lot of money.

3. It will not take you long to repair your watch, the repair is done while you wait.

6. a) Speedometer measures the speed of the car.

2. ТЪеу took measures to improve the work of the laboratory.

3. A foot is a measure of length.

1. Протпгге следующие интернациональные слова вслух и, основываясь на значениях сотвсичвуанцих русских слов, определите их значения.

civilization [^rvilai'zeijn] taxi ['taeksi]

attack [э Чаек] ■; * mechanic [mfkaenik]

idea [ai'dis] moment ['moumont]

2. Найдите в правой колонке перевод слова.

1. товары a) vehicle, b) stages, с) substance, d) goods

2. значить, иметь a) to drag, b) to mean, с) to pay, d) to justify ввиду

3. грузовик a) driver, b) coal, c) lony, d) railway

4. экипаж, автобус a) safety, b) coach, c) tube, d) traffic

5. тот же самый a) in turn, b) backward, c) the same, d) total

6. колесо a) wind, b) weight, c) light, d) wheel

7. внутренний a) general, b) current, c) internal, d) excellent

8. двигатель a) engine, b) lorry, c) source, d) force

9. из-за a) without, b) within, c) because of, d) directly

10. сгорание a) direction, b) combustion, c) collapse,

2. admission

7-320 193

11. измерять

12. почва, грунт

13. заряжать

14. если не

15. поверхность

5. Найдите в правой

1. complicated

2. to remain

3. to destroy

4. huge

5. shallow

6. gradually

7. repair

8. the same

9. wide 10. strength

a) to measure, b) to settle, c) to vary, d) to ren • a) step, b) strength, c) piece, d) soil a) to introduce, b) to collapse, c) to char

2. to hand ^rge-

a) also, b) although, c) no matter, d) unless a) delay, b) surface, c) top, d) wood

колонке слова, противоположные по значению словам в левой.

a) expensive, b) simple, с) similar, d) numerous a) to lend, b) to leave, c) to measure, d) to stretch a) to drag, b) to pave, c) to restore, d) to step a) small,*' b) strong, c) free, d) hard a) wide, b) possible, c) important, d) deep a) also, b) at once, c) chiefly, d) rather a) pay, b) remark, c) surface, d) damage a) due, b) total, c) different, d) essential a) powerful, b) narrow, c) dry, d) necessary a) combustion, b) device, c) weakness, d) force

6. Прочпгге и переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык.

to mean nothing a goods train also successful a powerful vehicle huge lorries and coaches the same route an ordinary remark numerous stages without wind permanent force to manufacture car engines internal affairs rapid combustion source of energy dry soil

a backward country general weakness to drag along the road to vary considerably quick steps

to repair something at once rather dark measured distance under repair

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wide connections the Earth surface atomic weight in due time in due form to pay in full what’s the pay front wheel on wheels to wheel the car collapse of plans a collapsed building without delay rather big nuclear device charged with electricity to get the same mark to settle the question because of the accident a paved street

the general meaning of the word a chief engineer to obtain knowledge gradually to stretch a cable

7. Решите кроссворд.

8. A carriage a motor саг ajeep alony a motorcycle a taxicab

9. То fall down suddenly.

1. The process of giving the meaning of something, of making something clear by speaking or writing.

2.

V

function

3. Coming or being earliest in time or order.

4. A circular object which turns around an inner part with which it is connected, used for turning machinery making vehicles move.

5. A quantity of electricity put into a battery.

6. Opposite to advanced.

7. The act of putting one foot in front of the other in order to move along.

10.

11.

WORD-BUILDING 8. а) Найдите в каждом ряду существительное.

1. a) developing, b) development, с) developed, d) develop

2. a) provide, b) providing, с) provision, d) provided

3. a) attend, b) attention, c) attentive, d) attending

4. a) knowledge, b) smaller, c) know, d) knows

5. a) better, b) keep, c) keeper, d) kept

6. a) finder, b) finding, c) finds, d) harder

7. a) build, b) better, c) built, d) builder

8. a) behaviour, b) therefore, c) until, d) think

9. a) possible, b) other, c) throw, d) influence 10. a) quite, b) way, c) equip, d) later

б) Найдите в каждом ряду прилагательное.

1. a) probably, b) property, с) probable, d) properly

2. a) suddenly, b) different, с) degree, d) during

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durability	dangerous	replacement
stormy	movement	quantitative
indifferent	simplicity	entrance
dwelling	irregular	flyer
appearance	weakness	hardly
influential	distant	bravely
development	slowly	traveller
mainly	weightlessness	different
thickness	supposition	necessity
historic	islander	happiness
reasonable	promotion

GRAMMAR REVIEW а) Проанализируйте приведенные в таблице формы инфинитива и примеры, иллю­стрирующие различные функции инфинитива. 6) Затем прочпгге тексты, найдите в них и проанализируйте случаи употребления инфинитива. Infinitive
	Active	Passive
Indefinite Continuous Perfect	to write to be writing to have written	to be written to have been written

Инфинигав в функции обстоятельства цели

Не used his influence to get me a job. You must work hard to pass this exam. I turned on the light to see what time it was.

Инфинитив в функции определения

The conference discussed some new methods to be used in teaching English as a foreign language.

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1. My hobby is to read books. I like to read books everywhere — at home, at the institute, but mostly in the bus on my way home or to the institute.

If I want to read a book I always remember that some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed (глотать), and some few to be chewed (об­думывать) and digested. I also know well that there is a great difference between the eager man who wants to read a book, and the tired man who wants a book to read.

2. MOTHER: It’s time to go to bed, baby.

BABY: Why, mummy? You always make me go to bed when I don’t want to sleep, and you want me to get up when I am quite sleepy.

2. Переведите следующие словосочетания и предложения, обращая внимание на ин­финитив.

to send the letter to inform them 1 am happy to help you.

the house to be built I am glad to have helped him.

to build the road to connect two He was glad to have been helped.

towns I am glad to be helping them,

die story to listen to I am glad to be helped. * .

the question to be answered

3. Прочгпгге и переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания. Укажите, чем выражено определение.

the problem to be solved the remark made

the new device to be introduced the distance travelled

the theory to be considered the money paid

the instrument to be used the delayed train

die bridge to be constructed the translated article

the road to be paved the collapsed building

the experiment to be carried out the tested method

4. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на инфинитив.

1. They were happy to take part in our expedition.

2. She wanted to be answered at шее.

3. He was happy to be working with the famous scientist.

4. It’s very difficult to drive a car in a big city.

5. Water may be used to drive dynamos which generate electricity.

6. Sputniks do not need any additional energy to move along their orbit.

7. Newton made use of the three laws of motion to explain the movement of the Moon around the Earth and of the planets around the Sun.

8. To extend the main street they had to destroy some old buildings.

9. The workers will use powerful machinery to assemble these huge units.

10. In this area there are no monuments to speak of.

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Артикль	Существительные в роли определения	Определяемое существительное
the	land	transport
the	land transport	improvement
the	land transport improvement	problem ; до

the traffic speed the research program result

the traffic speed increase the Moscow region newspaper

the railway bridge the temperature limit determination

the railway bridge reconstruction the household goods

the London underground the household goods store

the London underground problem the steam engine invention

the thermoelectric generator the soil stabilization result

development the transport animal

the energy accumulation process the wheel invention

the modem house ventilation the deep sea current measuring

facilities device

the car speed calculation a rocket-propelled five ton sputnik

the arch bridge construction site spaceship the high quality concrete

13. Проанализируйте, чем выражено определение в следующих словосочетаниях, и пе­реведите их.

the new device to be introduced supersonic vertical take-off bomber

the theory to be considered fourteen bird and animal stories and

connecting line plays

advanced students wooden house advantages

tested method automatic flight control equipment

general plan essential research programme

internal combustion engine beginning college student

George Washington Bridge bus improved traffic flow

terminal station free school bus service

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destroyed bridge two-page story

travelling passenger two-bed hotel room

the bridge to be constructed life-long hobby

a smiling face federal highway office

the instrument to be used Dynamo versus Spartak football

current events match

cylinder wall National Coal Research Institute

English Channel coast Electronic Research and

Engineering Laboratory

15. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на инфи­нитив в различных функциях.

1. . The problem to be discussed is connected with the city water supply system.

2. This method is not good enough to be used everywhere.

3. A new comfortable coach was developed to transport people over long distances.

4. He was saving money to travel about the country.

5. It did not take much time to pave the road.

6. The internal combustion engine to be used in this lorry is of a new design.

7. The road surface to be repaired was destroyed many years ago by heavy vehicles.

8. Goods to be transported to the north are stored at the railway station.

9. He was too tired to be asked any questions.

10. England looks like one well ordered park. Englishmen like to preserve various old trees. There are some trees which were even too old to be cut for building ships in the seventeenth century.

2. A high speed electronic machine has introduced great changes in carrying out various mathematical calculations. This electronic machine works according to a programme to be prepared in advance and can carry out several thousand arithmetic operations per second.

LISTENING PRACTICE

Щ Travelling by car at a high speed is an exciting experience. Car races attract a lot of spectators and racing drivers have crowds of admirers.

Tests	Times of the test	Number of mistakes
Test 1
Test 2
Test 3

1. Check your answers with your teacher or groupmates.

2. Read the transcript of the text on p. 431. Look up the words you do not know in your dictionary.

ORAL PRACTICE

1. Topic. The Museum of Land Transport

The authorities in your region have decided to open a museum of land transport. Now you have the opportunity to describe your own project. Present information on:

1. the city in which the museum should be situated;

2. the building it will be housed in;

3. the types of land transport which should be included in the exhibition;

4. the vehicles of the past which will be shown in the museum;

200

5. the vehicles of the present which will be shown in the museum;

6. transport engineers and scientists whose portraits should" be exhibited;

7. the people who will visit the museum;

8. why you think the museum of land transport will be popular.

2. Pairwork. Paul is crazy about cars. He is a member of a racing team. Today he has given a lift to Julia and Ann in the sports car he will drive during the next racing car competition,

1. Listen to their conversation. **

JULIA: What is your car speed during the races?

PAUL. Up to 200-230 km/h.

ANN: So fast? But it seems to me that in town you drive so slowly.

PAUL: The roads are crowded and you should be careful. And besides I remember a day when I drove too fast.

ANN: What happened then?

PAUL: I was driving along the main road. All of a sudden a blue car shot out of the side road.

JUL1A\ Just in front of you?

ANN: Without any warning? Was it possible to slow down?

PAUL: It was completely unexpected. I braked as hard as 1 could. I stopped just in time. I was lucky there were no cars or trucks around me. Since that time I’ve never driven faster than 55-60 km/h in town,

JULIA: So when in town you follow the proverb “Haste makes waste’’.

2. Complete the following dialogues.

1. A.:... ? 2. A.: What happened?

B.: Up to 80 km/h. B.: .........

A.: So fast? ... A.: Just in front of you?

B:

2. A.: How fast were you driving?

B.:.........

1. : Did you see anybody in front of you?

2. : ....

1. : Were there any cars around?

2. :

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