1. The trouble is that they haven’t calculated the exact speed of the car

2. This device is an ordinary one.

3. He said that the question should be discussed at once.

4. This advanced method allows one to get good results.

5. They knew that the building had collapsed.

6. One should be very careful when crossing the street.

7. That was the distance that they covered in one hour.

8. The properties of gold are different from those of iron.

9. One never knows what to expect in this case.

10. This was one of the reasons for extending the bus route.

11. The problems of water supply in this town are as important as those >f lighting and heating.

7. 11ереведите следующие предложения 1>ез словаря, обращая внимание на слова, об* разованные по способу конверсии.

1. Besides his work Einstein liked most of all playing the violin and >oating.

2. He didn't know her likes and dislikes.

3. A small boat couldn't hold so many people.

4. They supply us with all necessary information.

5. Our supplies of fuel have come to an end. ~ ^:

6. When was this ship built?

7. The supplies are shipped to Antarctic Stations in summer.

8. It was a fine day, and many people were boating on the lake.

9. There was no wind and the sails were down.

10. The ships sailed across the Atlantic as early as the 15th century.

11. A submarine of this design can cross the Arctic under water.

12. Large supplies of fuel were stored during summer.

13: Fuelling stations are situated along the highway.

12. Will you step aside, please?

13. He took one step forward.

1,6. Can you repair my watch?

17. The house needs only small repairs.

1. didn't like his last remark.

1. He remarked on the kind of work they would have to carry out.

LISTENING PRACTICE

1. There is one part of the Western Atlantic Ocean which has a ^vC ^ strange history. From time to time ships and planes vanish in this area.

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lies between Bermuda, Florida and Puerto Rico and is known as “The Bermuda Triangle**. The Bermuda Triangle got its name from a mysterious event which took place on the 5th of December 1945.

1. Listen to the report of this event and be ready to answer the following questions.

1. What was the weather like on the 5th of December 1945?

2. How many officers were going to make a flight to Bermuda?

3. What was die duration of the flight they planned to make?

4. Why did one of the officers want to stay at the base?-

5. Did the officers make their flight in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening or at nigbt? '

6. What happened during the flight?

7. What did the Navy do to find the planes?

8. How many planes and people vanished on that day?

2. Retell the story.

3. You heard the report of the event over the radio. Tell your friends about it.

2. Some records show that since 1945 near die Bermuda Triangle over 100 planes ships have disappeared and more than 1000 people have been lost. There are different explanations for these disappearances. You can find some of them below. They are based on legends, experience and facts.

Look through diem and say which of them you consider to be die most convincing.

1. There are sea monsters which pull boats down to the sea bed.

2. There are visitors from outer space who take them to an unknown planet.

3. There are extreme weather conditions in this part of the world (huge waves and cyclones).

4. The Bermuda Triangle is one of die two places on the . earth where a magnetic compass does not point towards true north.

5. The Bermuda Triangle does not exist and all the accidents that happened there are simply a coincidence.

6. There are small earthquakes here which create sea storms that pull the ships down to the sea bed.

7. There are caves (“blue holes”) under the water which create ^a whirlpool that sinks ships.

8. Planes fly into holes in the sky and disappear there.

*) Listen to one of the explanations of the Bermuda Tnangle secret in detail.

Do you find it convincing? If not, give your reasons.

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b) Read the transcript of the text on p. 433. Look up the words you do not know in your dictionary.

ORAL PRACTICE

1. Topic. The historic voyage you wish you had taken part in.

In childhood almost all of us were fascinated by the adventures of great travellers. The most exciting adventures of them happened when travelling by water. Which of the historic voyages do you wish you had taken part in? Speaking about this voyage present information on:

1. the time the voyage took place;

2. the name of the person who organized and led it;

3. the people who took pait in it;

4. the place the travellers wanted to reach and why;

5. the places the travellers visited during their voyage;

6. the difficulties the travellers had to overcome;

7. what you would have done during this voyage;

8. why this voyage seems so interesting to you.

2. Pairwork. Think of some good questions to the following answers. The answers needn’t be true.

1. Slowly. 6. On the island.

2. Till 5 o’clock. 7. About 60 miles.

3. Only a few books. 8. Round the village.

4. Owing to his help. 9. In the 21st century.

5. Quite reliable. 10. Anything.

3. A representative of the industry turns to a clerk at the Transportation Agency to hire transport in order to deliver some goods.

REPRESENTATIVE OF THE INDUSTRY: Choose the goods you should deliver (Table 1) and turn to the clerk at the Transportation Agency to hire a means of transport.

CLERK. AT THE TRANSPORTATION AGENCY: Recommend to your client the means of transport which are available at the mom^n (Table 2) for each section of the route.

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CirRO	Route
coal	< i
^timber	B-C
COTS	Ш
cars	L - Л
tomatoes	L-A

Table 2 Lend transport	Water transport
I passenger train	ferry
Scargo train	barge
S lorry	cargo ship
bus	tanker
crane

4. Discussion. One of the world’s greatest mystery stories is about the lost continent of Atlantis. The people who believe in its existence think that it was m the Atlantic Ocean between North America, Europe and Africa 12,000 years ago. One day Atlantis disappeared in the waters of the ocean because of a violent earthquake. There are also people who don’t believe in the existence of Atlantis. All of them have their own arguments. Did Atlantis exist or not? a) Read the following arguments for and against the existence of Atlantis. 227 For

Against

Plato wrote about Atlantis in his “Dialogues”. Plato learned of Atlantis from Egyptians who said that the people of Atlantis had had a very advanced civilization. On the land under the Atlantic Ocean scientists found hills and mountains which had once ' been above water. In the Atlantic Ocean scientists found old parts оГ buildings and walls which are considered to have been part of an earlier civilization.

Atlantis is only a myth. Atlantis is a myth of Greeks, Egyptians, Babylonians and even American Indians about a land where people lived in happiness. People are eager to believe mysteries. 12,000 years ago people couldn't have hid an advanced civilization.

	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	Group 4
Atlantis never existed on Earth.
Atlantis existed in the Atlantic Ocean long ago.

READING PRACTICE

1. ■) Since the early Aays people кате tried to me riven, lakes and seas for transportation. They haprored the design of skips and there appeared new types of them dnring different periods. Read the text “Water Transport" and fill in the table following It with'information about afaipc.

TEXT 9A WATER TRANSPORT

1. One of the most important things about water transport is die small effort needed to move floating craft. A heavy boat or a barge weighing several tons can be moved through the water, slowly but steadily, by one man. An aeroplane of the same weight as the barge needs engines of 1,000 horsepower or more in order to fly.

2. The raft made of logs of wood is supposed to be die earliest type of boat.

Rafts seem to be clumsy vessels, although die Norwegian scientist Thor Heyerdahl and his five companions in 1947 made a voyage on the raft Kon- Tiki {тот Peru to Tuamotu Islands - a distance of4,500 miles.

3. The water transport in ancient times developed most rapidly on great rivers. The ancient Romans used vessels to carry their armies and supplies to colonies. These ships, usually called galleys, continued to be used in the Mediterranean till 1750.

4. The introduction of the magnetic compass allowed long voyages to be made with much greater safety. At the end of the 15th century, sailing vessels are known to have carried men from Europe to America and round Africa to India.

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The middle of the 19th century proved to be the highest point in the development of sailing ships.

5. Steam and Motor Ships. One of the earliest steamboats is known to have been tested at the end of the 18th century. The first steamship to cross the Atlantic was the Savannah, 98-foot ship built in New York, which made the crossing in 1819. Like all the early steamships, it had sails as well as paddles.¹ By the middle of the 19th century it became possible to build much larger ships for iron and steel began to replace timber.

6. The rapid increase in the size and power of ships was promoted by the industrial revolution. The industrial countries produced great quantities of goods which were carried to all parts of the world by ships. On their return voyages, the ships brought either raw materials such as cotton, metals, timber for the factories, or grain and foodstuffs for the growing population.

During the same period, a great deal was done to improve ports, and that permitted larger ships to use them and to make loading and unloading fester.

7. Improvements introduced in the 20th century included the*smoother and more efficient type of engines called steam turbines and the use of oil fuel instead of coal. Between 1910 and 1920 the diesel engine began to be introduced in ships. These diesel-engined ships are called motor ships.² The largest ships, however, are still generally driven by steam turbines. In the late 1950s a few ships were being built which were equipped with nuclear reactors for producing steam.

8. In 1957 the world's first atomic ice-breaker was launched in Leningrad.

This atomic ice-breaker is equipped with an atomic engine owing to which her operating on negligible quantities of nuclear fuel is possible. In spite of the capacity of her engine being 44,000 h.p. it will need only a few grams of atomic fuel a week.

The atomic ice-breaker has three nuclear reactors. The operation of the nuclear reactor is accompanied by powerful radiation. Therefore, the ice­breaker is equipped with reliable means of protection. The ice-breaker is designed for operation in Arctic waters.

9. Canal Transport Sea-going ships can use some rivers, such as the Thames in England, the Rhine, and the Volga in Europe and the Mississippi ® the United States. Generally, however, a river has to be “canalized” before ships can use it. This means widening and deepening the channel and protecting its banks so that they do not wash away and block the river with mud.

10. We find the British canals to be quite narrow and shallow.

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The name of the vessel	When did it appear?	. I What is (was) it driven by?	What is (was) it used for'?
Atomic ice-breaker	in 1957	by atomic engine of 44,(XX) h.p.	for operation in Arctic waters
Motor ship
Steamship
Sailing vessel
Galley

2. Find in the text the passages describing the earliest types of boat and bow water transport was developing on great rivers and translate it into Russian.

2. Read one of these passages aloud. (Approximate time of reading is 45 seconds.)

3. Find in the text sentences with Complex Object and Complex Subject.

4. Find in the text and pat down tbe key words which can be used to speak about water transport.

5. a) Skim the text to understand wbat it ta about Time your reading. A good time would be for seven minutes (80 words per minute). Be ready to answer some questions.

■- *

i . - ^text9b INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT CANALS

1. The best examples of canals used for draining land are found in Holland, where much of the country is below sea-level. Dams are used to prevent flooding and since 1932 over 300,000 acres of land have been drained. In winter the Dutch people use the frozen canals for ice-skating

2. In a hot dry country such as Egypt water is scarce, and to prevent the land from becoming dry long canals are built from dams These canals must be continually kept open, for the Egyptian farms and cotton fields cannot exist without these life lines of water.

3. Many inland waterways are used for the transport of heavy goods by barges. This method of carrying materials is not so widely used now. for although it is cheaper, it has the disadvantage of being much slower Speed

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