- •А кадемия управления при Президенте Республики Беларусь
- •Система открытого образования
- •Business english Курс лекций
- •Is she talking? 8
- •1. Starting to trade 151
- •2. The marketing mix 166
- •The Future: will
- •I/you/he/she/it/we/they will go (I’ll. He’ll, they’ll go)
- •Past Simple Tense
- •Positive (regular verbs)
- •Present Perfect Tense
- •Question Have you done it yet? Where have you been?
- •Review of time expressions
- •Word study Putting Nouns Together
- •Summary
- •The president
- •For discussion
- •The future perfect
- •More about auxiliary verbs
- •Word study
- •Two More Ways to Put Nouns Together
- •Company structure
- •Application for a job
- •74 Dockside Manchester m15 7bj 8 March 2000
- •Utility chiefs top executive pay increases
- •Unit II
- •Types of companies
- •Text № 1
- •Types of companies
- •Investing in a limited company
- •Summary of modal verbs
- •Modals with more than one meaning
- •You mustn’t vs. You don’t have to
- •Other uses of “will” and “would”
- •Degrees of probability
- •Exercise 15. Which is the closest in meaning?
- •The passive with modals
- •The indirect passive
- •Share capital
- •Companies
- •Must have and might have
- •Present Past
- •Could have and should have
- •Present
- •Types of business units
- •Unit III starting a business
- •Participles
- •A real estate purchase
- •Another use for participles
- •Participles
- •The problem of cash flow
- •Exchange rates cause budgeting problems
- •The flow of funds
- •Read and give the summary of the newspaper articles.
- •1. Greenalls refocuses spending By Dominic Walsh
- •2. Mandelson wants uk "digital leader" By Raymond Snoddy, Media Editor
- •3. Paget departs from telspec By Chris Ayres
- •4. Tlg succumbs to 353 million pounds wassall bid By Paul Durman
- •5. Progress hope at pilkington By Paul Durman
- •Unit IV management
- •What is management?
- •1.1. Read and translate the text.
- •1.2. Put 5 questions to part 1 of the text the answers to which are marked by •
- •1.3.. Answer the following questions:
- •1.4. Try to remember 5 main duties of managers.
- •2.1.. Read the notes of the lecture about management. Write out new words. Translate the text.
- •2.2.. Discuss:
- •3.1. Read text ¹ 3. Complete the sentences, finding them in the text:
- •3.2. Discuss:
- •4.1. Read text ¹ 4 about managers’ skills. There are 9 of them mentioned. Make the list of them and discuss the following:
- •Gerunds
- •The infinitive Positive Infinitive Negative Infinitive
- •Conditionals First conditional
- •Second conditional
- •Third conditional
- •The conditional
- •Texts for reading Holding Meetings
- •1. Put a tick or a cross in the box after each statement to show whether you think it is correct or not:
- •London borough Spring Personnel. Legal pa £25,000
- •Relative clauses
- •Miss Johnson is a secretary I work with.*
- •More examples of relative clauses
- •Of which vs. Whose
- •Past participles used as adjectives
- •Relative clauses with prepositions
- •Relative clauses with deletions
- •Conjunctions and related phrases
- •Agreement of tenses
- •Reported speech: agreement of tenses
- •Direct Reported
- •Reported questions
- •Interrogative noun clauses Who’s That Man?
- •Didn’t he apologize for _______?
- •Do you know _______?
- •Text ¹ 2 Market Study
- •Questions about the story
- •For discussion
- •Texts for reading and discussion
- •1. Starting to trade
- •Marketing Defining marketing
- •2. The centrality of marketing
- •1D Comprehension
- •Product policy
- •1A Discussion
- •1A Reading
- •3. Products and brands
- •4. It pays to advertise
- •It pays to advertise
- •2. The marketing mix
- •The role of advertising
- •Does the fact that it pays to advertise seem obvious to you? Explain your answer.
- •Figure 1.1.: gross margin
- •Paragraph 3: aura
- •3. Users of both competitive brands and of our product.
- •Born in 1946, we offer 52 years of experience
- •Unit VI business communication
- •Higher management
- •Rules of Writing
- •Increase your vocabulary
- •Means of communication
- •4 Abilities
- •5 Experience
- •Increase your vocabulary
- •Writing
- •Text 6 designing a sales letter
- •Manufactures of Quality Office Equipment since 1940
- •The layout of a business letter
- •23 Nelson Square
- •Velkotex Ltd
- •Prefixes of negation
- •Indicative Subjunctive
- •Verbs used with the subjunctive
- •Indicative vs subjunctive
- •Indicative Subjunctive
- •Infinitives with “seem” and “appear”
- •By Russsell Hotten
- •Sources
- •Козлова Любовь Константиновна Business English
- •220007, Г. Минск, ул. Московская, 17.
Another use for participles
Present Tense
is
The job was complete;
will be
T he job being complete is
payment was due.
is will be
The job was finished;
will be
The job being finished,
Past Tense
has been
The job had been complete for months;
T he job having been complete for months, is
payment overdue.
has been was
The job finished for months;
had been
The job having been finished for months,
Exercise 1.
Example: The meeting was over. We broke for lunch.
The meeting being over, we broke for lunch.
Everything was packed. We were ready to go.
An agreement had been reached. They started to write up a contract.
Hospital bills are costly. Most people are covered by medical insurance.
The cost of living has risen. Workers are requesting a wage increase.
Present Participle (Passive)
is is
The phone was used very seldom. It was disconnected.
will be will be
is
(Being) used very seldom, the phone was disconnected.
will be
isn't is
The phone wasn't used very often. It was disconnected.
won't be will be
is
(Being) used very seldom, the phone was disconnected.
will be
Exercise 2.
Example: This product is now sold everywhere. It's very much in demand.
Now (being) sold everywhere, this product is very much in demand.
English is spoken in many countries; it's a useful language to know.
Our corporation is highly centralized; it operates very efficiently.
The new benefit plan wasn't approved by the director; it had to be revised.
These sweaters are made by hand; they're more expensive than the other brands.
Insurance premiums won't be paid by the company; they'll be deducted from the employee's paycheck.
Perfect Participle (Passive)
The car
|
has
had |
been washed already. It |
is
was |
very clean. |
is
Having been washed already, the car very clean
was
The car
|
hasn't been
hadn't been |
washed for weeks. It |
is
was |
very dirty. |
is
Not having been washed for weeks, the car very dirty.
was
Exercise 3.
Example: The president had been trained in electronics. He saw the problem immediately.
Having been trained in electronics, the president saw the problem immediately.
The plant had been built long ago.; it's now in bad condition.
Tom had been seriously injured; he spent a month in a hospital.
The problem hadn't been discovered in time; it couldn't be solved before the year-end.
This machine hasn't been used in years; it should be replaced by a more modern one.
The applicants have been screened by the personnel manager. They were found to have necessary qualifications.