Vocabulary

III. Remember these words:

numerous, to possess, to drive (drove, driven), plant, motion, lightning, charge, ray, wave, to store, to transfer, radiant, thermal, to contain, cause, capacity, nucleus.

Grammar

IV. Translate the following sentences:

1. Кинетическая энергия – это энергия движения.

1. Хорошо известно, что существуют различные формы энергии.

2. Один вид энергии может преобразоваться в другой вид энергии.

3. Энергия падающей воды используется для приведения в действие турбины.

4. Совершенно ясно, что количество энергии зависит от массы и скорости движущегося тела.

5. Трудно передавать механическую энергию на большие расстояния.

V. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the passive voice:

1. Newton’s Laws of Motion are often referred to.

2. The students are taught to make experiments.

3. Different forms of energy were discussed in the article.

4. Extensive research work is carried on at our university.

5. Voltmeters are often used in our laboratory.

6. He was asked to show the results of his experiment.

7. Devices that are operated by electrical energy help us in our work.

Writing

VI. Translate into Russian in writing.

Energy is the capacity for doing work. The various forms of energy, interconvertible by suitable means, include potential, kinetic, electrical, heat, chemical, nuclear and radiant energy. Interconversion between these two forms of energy occurs only in the presence of matter. In the absence of matter energy can only exist in the form of radiant energy.

VII. Form sentences combining suitable parts of the sentences given in columns I and II.

I	II
1.The electric current is	1.the energy of position.
2.Kinetic energy is	2.electricity at rest.
3.Static electricity is	3. the flow of moving electrons.
4.Potential energy is	4.the energy of motion.
5.The direct current is	5.discharge of electricity.
6.Lightning is	6.the flow of electrons in one direction.

Speaking

VIII. Discuss in the group.

1. Energy can be transformed from one form into another. Give an example.

2. Forms of energy.

10 Electricity

Reading

I. Read the following key words:

electricity, illuminate, copper, mystery, existence, generate, through, excess.

II. Read and translate the text.

The electric charge is also called electricity. We can generate electricity to illuminate our cities or we can store it in a battery to transport it. Electricity is a flow of electrons through a conductor. Copper is a good conductor so we use it in electric wires. PVC, on the other hand, is a good insulator and we use it to cover copper wires.

A simple electric circuit includes a battery with chemical paste, a carbon rod, a wire and a light bulb. The chemical paste contains an excess of electrons so when you connect the two poles of the battery, the copper wire attracts electrons. The electrons in the chemical paste repel the electrons in the carbon rod and make them flow through the соpper wire. When they arrive at the filament inside the bulb, they produce heat and emit light. That is we say that light is a photoelectric effect.

The nature of the electric charge is a mystery but we know interaction of the electric charges in space-time is responsible for the existence of nature.

Vocabulary

III. Remember these words:

conductor, to store, to flow, wire, circuit, carbon, bulb, to include, rod.

Grammar

IV. Translate the following words:

1. electric, electrical, electricity, to electrify, electrically, electrification, electrician;

2. conduction, conductor, conductivity, conductance, to conduct, conductive, non-conductor;

3. to magnetize, magnet, magnetically, magnetic, magnetization, to unmagnetize;

4. direct, to direct, direction, director, directly, directive, unidirectional.

V. Read the following information about electricians’ safety at work.

Electricians wear safety clothes like rubber shoes and gloves because accidents sometimes happen. Rubber is an insulator. Electrons can’t go through it. Electricians usually turn off the electric power before working. They don’t work outside when it is raining because water is a conductor. Electricians are not afraid of electricity but they respect its power.

VI. Now use the note above to complete these sentences.

When you work with electricity…

1. You can _______ accident.

2. You don’t have to ______ but you have to be careful.

3. You have to _______ the electric power.

4. You can’t _______ when it’s raining.

VII. Fill in the blanks with: have to, don’t have to, can, can’t.

During an electric storm…

1. You _________ work with metals in the open air.

2. You _________ look for a shelter.

3. You __________be afraid, you have to be careful!

4. You __________ go out in a city.

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