МИНИСТЕРСТВО СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
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Кафедра иностранных языков
Б1.Б.3 Иностранный язык
Методические указания для студентов по направлению
140100 Теплотехника и теплоэнергетика
Профиль подготовки
Энергообеспечение предприятий
Квалификация (степень) выпускника
«Бакалавр»
УФА – 2012
УДК 811
ББК 81.2 Англ.
С 23
Рекомендовано к изданию методической комиссией энергетического факультета Башкирского государственного аграрного университета, протокол №
Составитель: к.социол.н., доцент кафедры иностранных языков Р.М. Нутфулина
Рецензент: к.социол.н., доцент кафедры иностранных языков Р.Ф.Азметова
Ответственный за выпуск: зав. кафедрой иностранных языков, к.ф.н., доцент О.Н. Новикова
“We dance round in a ring and suppose
But the Secret sits in the middle and knows.”
Robert Frost
1 The Paradigm Shift Reading
I. Read the following international words:
Idea, fundamental, theory, centre, system, mechanical, gravitation, industrial, energy, process, nature, revolution, construct, quantum, theory.
II. Read and translate the text.
Our history includes many great scientists. They increased our knowledge and changed our ideas about the world and our role in it. Some of these changes were fundamental and scientists call them paradigm shifts. Before Copernicus’ time, most people in the West believed that the Earth was the centre of the universe and that everything else revolved around it. His theory showed that the sun was the centre of a system. Isaac Newton made a mechanical description of the universe and wrote laws of motion and gravitation and this led to the industrial revolution. Max Planck gave us the Quantum Theory. Albert Einstein explained, among other things, that everything comes from the same energy, that we are all parts of the same whole. All of these theories expanded the limits of our mind and opened a new era of understanding.
In some cases, however, the application of new knowledge has also caused destruction. History teachers us that opposites are inherent to nature – we construct and destroy, believe and doubt.
At the moment we are going through rapid changes. Perhaps we are in the process of a new paradigm shift.
III. Guess if the following statements are true or false.
Scientists increase our knowledge and change our ideas about the world and our role in it.
All new theories are fundamental.
Isaac Newton’ laws of motion and gravitation were very important and led to the industrial revolution.
Vocabulary
IV. Remember these words:
law, to increase, to revolve, motion, to expand, mind, opposite, to destroy.
V. Translate the following words and phrases:
time, at times, from time to time, in time, in no time, at the same time, time after time, to have a good time, for a short time, to time, out of time, time and again.
Writing
VI. Match the scientists on the left with their corresponding contribution on the right.
1. Isaac Newton a. Electromagnetic Induction
2. Max Planck b. Laws of Motion
3. Michael Faraday c. Quantum Concept of Light
Speaking
VII. Discuss with your group-mates.
1.What is a paradigm shift? How do you understand it?
2.How do you think the world will change in the next 20 years.