V. Complete the text with the correct form of the verb.

From generator to supplier to customer

Electricity is generated (generate) by power stations and ___________ (feed) into the high-voltage transmission network. Via transmission towers and overhead lines it ________ (transport) to the local supplier, an organization which ________ (own) by the municipality or the regional subsidiary of a larger power company. This local supplier is normally the first point of contact for the customer. Connections__________ (organize) by this company, and power ____________

(deliver) to the customer.

VI. Translate the following groups of words.

Research work – research work plan;

water pipe – water pipe material – water pipe material quality;

power supply – power supply increase – power supply increase problem;

transmission line – transmission line wire – transmission line wire insulation;

space investigation – space investigation program – space investigation program discussion.

Did you know?

In some countries, the company which operates a high –voltage grid is called the TSO (Transmission Systems Operator). The company which runs a distribution network is sometimes called the DSO (Distribution Systems Operator).

12 Direct current and alternating current

Reading

I. Read the following words:

generator, continuous, through, periodic, cycle, electrons, alternating, standard.

II. Read and translate the text.

When a cell or any other generator is connected and forms a continuous path of conductors, the electrons begin to move through conductors. This is called an electric current, an electric circuit. We know that current is the flow of electricity through a circuit. If broken anywhere, the electric circuit will stop carrying a current. There are two main types of current: direct and alternating. When electrons flow in one direction only, the current is called a direct current. When electrons flow first in one direction and then in another in a periodic manner, the current is called an alternating current. An alternating current is a current that changes its direction of flow through a circuit in a periodic manner. Alternating current flows in cycles. The number of cycles per second is termed the frequency of current. In a 60-cycle alternating current circuit, the current flows in one direction 60 times per second and in the other direction 60 times per second.

Two frequencies are in use nowadays: the standard for Europe is 50 cycles per second, while the standard for the USA is 60 cycles per second. A standard frequency has a great advantage since different electrical systems can be interconnected.

Vocabulary

3. Remember these words:

cell, circuit, current, to break (broke, broken), term, frequency, advantage, to connect, manner, to carry, to flow, direction, D.C. (d.c.), A.C. (a.c.).

Grammar

IV. Translate into English:

standard frequency; advantages of standard frequency; regular overload; disadvantages of regular overload; control elements; electric field; under test.

V. Translate the following sentences and define the functions of the word provided.

1. Current starts flowing provided a voltage source is applied to the circuit.

2. The new equipment can be utilized provided a protection fuse is applied to it.

3. These electrical devices can work for a long time provided they are made of high quality material.

4. These electrical devices are provided with rubber insulators.

5. These electrical devices provided with rubber insulators were produced at a large factory.