II. Read and translate the text.

We know that a motor is an electric rotating machine converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Mechanical energy furnished by a water wheel or an engine is converted by a generator into electrical energy. To utilize that generated energy, we need another machine that will reconvert electrical energy back into mechanical energy. Such a machine is the electric motor. Here, it is electricity that is furnished to the machine; it is mechanical energy (work) that results.

Electric motors are used in industry, transport, mines, business, farms and even houses. They are the moving elements in various household appliances, such as vacuum cleaner, washing machine, refrigerator, and the like.

Trams, local trains and trolley buses are powered by electric motors, thus, providing cities with clean, fast, comfortable transportation.

And in each of the places, where they work, the electric motors produce just the desirable kind of motion, speed, and power. As is well known, for uniformity and interchangeability motors are standardized in sizes, types, and speeds. They are available in various sizes from but a small fraction of a horse-power (h. p.) to many thousands of horse-power. Motors are also available in a wide range of speeds. Their speed may be fixed (or synchronous), constant for given load conditions, adjustable, or variable. Many are self-starting and reversible. They can meet a wide range of service requirements, namely: starting, accelerating, running, braking, and stopping the load.

Induction motors are the most common a. c. motors. The current in their rotor is induced as the motor conductors cut the lines of the magnetic flux created by the stator. Three-phase induction motors are self-starting, simple, reliable motors with a constant speed characteristic over the rated load limits. We know of their being successfully used in industry. As for single-phase induction motors, they require special means of starting, nevertheless, they are widely used in fractional horse-power sizes.

Vocabulary

III. Remember these words:

wheel, to furnish, horse-power (h. p.), to adjust, appliance, fraction, load, desirable, range, flux, variable.

IV. Form nouns from the following verbs, using various suffixes and translate them:

to generate, to utilize, to consider, to produce, to require, to accelerate, to classify, to construct, to induce, to create, to transport, to apply.

V. Form sentences combining suitable parts of the sentences given in columns I and II.

I	II
1. The generator	measures the temperature of hot melted metals.
2. The lightning conductor	lifts objects weighing thousands of tons
3. the motor	turns electrical energy into mechanical energy
4. the electric crane	protects buildings from lightning strokes
5 The pyrometer	converts mechanical energy into electrical energy