Notes. Forms and Patterns.

1. Verb «to be»: the Present Simple

(a) Forms:

I am (I’m) you are (you’re) he is (he’s) she is (she’s) it is (it’s) we are (we’re) you are (you’re) they are (they’re)

am I? are you? is he? is she? is it? are we? are you? are they?

I am (I’m) not you are not (aren’t) he is not (isn’t) she is not (isn’t) it is not (isn’t) we are not (aren’t) you are not (aren’t) they are not (aren’t)

e.g.	I’m sixteen. «Are you English?» - «Yes, I am». «Is it a police car?» - «Yes, it is». «It is Regent Street, isn’t it?» - «Yes, you are right.»

2. Position of Adverbs of Frequency.

We put adverbs of frequency after the verb «to be».

e.g.	She is always late. They are never happy.

(с) Types of questions.

Buckingham Palace is a family house and an official residence of the Queen.

Is B.P. a family house? Is B.P. a family house or an official residence of the Queen? What is B.P.? B.P. is a family house , isn’t it? What palace is a family house and an official residence of the Queen?

2. «There is, there are»

(a) Forms:

there is (there’s) there are (-)

is there? are there?

there is not (isn’t) there are not (aren’t)

e.g.	There’s a station in Picadilly Circus. There are two chairs in the hall. There’s some coffee on the table. Is there a lot of traffic in Regent Street? There aren’t enough garbage cans in the streets.

2. Types of questions.

There is a station in Picadilly Circus.

Is there a station in Picadilly Circus? Is there a station or a cinema in Picadilly Circus? What is there in Picadilly Circus? There is a station in Picadilly Circus, isn’t there?

3. «Have got» and «have».

(a) Forms:

	Have	got				Have
I You We They	have	got	a cat.		I You We They	have		a cat.
He She It	has		a garden.		He She It	has		a garden.
I You We They	haven’t	got	a dog.		I You We They	don’t	have	a dog.
He She It	hasn’t		a garage.		He She It	doesn’t		a garage.
Have	I you we they	got	any money?		Do	I you we they	have	any money?
Has	he she it		a sister?		Does	he she it		a sister?

(b) Meaning:

«Have got» means the same as «have» to talk about possession. We often use «have got» in spoken English.

(с) Types of questions.

They have got a garage near their house.

Have they got a garage near their house? Have they got a garage or a garden near their house? What have they got near their house? They have got a garage near their house, haven’t they? Who has got a garage near the house?

4. Possessive adjectives

I you he she

my your his her

mine yours his hers

it we you they

its our your their

its ours yours theirs

5. Countable and uncountable nouns.

Some nouns are countable. Some nouns are uncountable. Some nouns are both!

e.g. e.g. e.g.

a book - two books an egg - six eggs bread rice Do you like ice-cream? We’d like three ice-creams, please.

6. Articles.

a = indefinite article the = definite article no article

e.g. e.g. e.g.

1. She has a flat in London. (a = «one») Can I have a ham sandwich? She’s a nurse. (jobs) Can I have another cup of coffee? (another= an + other) The flat (=her flat) is very nice. The ham sandwich is horrible! 5. The Times (newspapers) 6. The Prime Minister, the Queen People don’t always put their garbage in the garbage can. 8. Things in general.. She has coffee from Harrods.(uncountable noun) Books are expensive. Do you like Chinese food? There are two famous addresses in London. One is 10 Downing St. The other is Buckingham Palace. Meals, places, transport. I have breakfast/ lunch/ dinner. I go/come home. I go/come to school/ work/ bed/jail. I go/come by train/ car/ bus/ taxi.