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2. The Possessive Case

  1. The ‘s form.

  2. Formation:

By adding apostrophe and s (‘s)

David’s sister

women’s liberation

Dickens’s novels

John and Mary’s wedding

to singular nouns

to plural nouns in -en

to proper nouns ending in -s

to groups of nouns treated as one word

By adding apostrophe without s (‘)

the boy’s room

Jesus’ death

to plural nouns in -s

to classical nouns ending in ‘s

  1. Use of the ‘s form:

Mary’s books

a spider’s web

the government’s policy

to express possession of nouns denoting living being: (people + animals)

and collective nouns

five minutes’ walk

today’s newspaper

London’s theatres

with nouns expressing time, space, measure

  1. Use of the of-form.

The door of the classroom

with things

the Prince of Wales

the Tower of London

the battle of Waterloo

set expressions

a row of books

hundreds of people

a glass of milk

with partitive meaning

Drills

Drill 1.

Have you seen him?

  • Yes, I have

  • No, I haven’t.

  1. Have you been to the Zoo?

  2. Have you lived here all your life?

  3. Have you had your dinner?

  4. Have you learnt the Perfect tenses before?

  5. Has the bell gone?

  6. Has the lesson begun?

  7. Have you been up in a helicopter?

  8. Have you ever played tennis?

  9. Have you ever ridden a horse?

  10. Have you driven a car?

  11. Have you ever written a letter to a newspaper?

  12. Have you ever eaten a frog?

  13. Have you ever driven a tractor?

  14. Have you ever broken your leg?

  15. Have you ever had an operation?

  16. Have you ever eaten a fishburger?

  17. Have you ever eaten Chinese food?

  18. Have you ever slept in the park?

  • Drill 2.

    a new film

    • I have seen a new film.

  1. an English magazine

  2. an interesting article

  3. a scientific journal

  4. a hippopotamus

  1. an elephant

  2. a camel

  3. a tiger

  4. a lion

Drill 3.

his brother

  • He has met his brother.

  1. a student from Group 7

  2. his parents

  3. his teacher

  4. his Dean

  1. his friend

  2. his neighbour

  3. the postman

  4. a fashion model

Drill 4.

Have you been to Mexico? - (No)

  • No, I haven’t been to Mexico yet.

Have you spoken to the manager? - (Yes).

  • Yes, I’ve already spoken to the manager.

  1. Have you been to the cinema lately? - (Yes).

  2. Have you gone skiing this winter? - (No).

  3. Have you had your breakfast already? - (Yes).

  4. Have you ever been to Italy? - (No).

  5. Has the class started? - (Yes).

  6. Have you decided where to go yet? - (No).

  7. Have we spent all our money? - (Yes).

  8. Have you ever spoken to a famous person? - (No).

  9. Have you read «Hamlet?» - (Yes).

  10. Have you ever been to Disneyland? - (No).

Drill 5.

My sister has been a good pupil. (always)

  • My sister has always been a good pupil.

1. She has been late for classes. (never)

2. He has told us about his work. (already)

3. I have seen an elephant. (never)

4. She has come in. (just)

5. They have heard of it. (never)

6. We have finished this exercise. (almost)

7. I have done my homework. (already)

8. She has learned to swim. (just)

Drill 6.

to drive a car

  • It’s the first time I’ve driven a car.

  1. to play tennis

  2. to ride a horse

  3. to take photoes

  4. to use the make-up

  5. to travel by ship

  6. to change one’s mind

  7. to see an elephant

  1. to lose the passport

  2. to win a lot of money

  3. to travel round the world

  4. to clean the car

  5. to make the coffee

  6. to cook the dinner

  7. to get pocket money

Drill 7.

Tom is opening the door.

  1. Tom has just opened the door.

  1. Harry is changing his clothes.

  2. I am washing my hands.

  3. We are listening to the news.

  4. You are speaking over the telephone.

  5. He is having breakfast.

  6. They are returning books to the library.

  7. We are buying a tape-recorder.

  8. Peter is washing his car.

  9. Harold is repairing our TV set.

Drill 8.

Why aren’t you doing the exercise?.

  • I have already done it.

  1. Why aren’t you reading the text?

  2. Why aren’t you doing your homework?

  3. Why aren’t you listening to the news?

  4. Why aren’t you getting ready for the exams?

  5. Why aren’t you having dinner?

  6. Why aren’t you drinking milk?

  7. Why aren’t you cooking supper?

Drill 9.

Does that ring belong to your wife?

  • Yes, it’s my wife’s.

  1. Does this coat belong to James?

  2. Do these books belong to the girls?

  3. Does your journey take three days?

  4. Does this hat belong to your uncle?

  5. Does that house belong to John and Mary?

  6. Have you read all the novels Dickens wrote?