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V. Agree or disagree with these statements. Use the follow­ing phrases.

That's wrong. Это неверно.

That's (quite) right. (Совершенно) верно.

That's not quite true Это не совсем соответствует to the fact. факту.

According to the text... Согласно тексту...

1. Employees work only to achieve the general goals of an orga­nization.

2. When it seems that employees work only to achieve organizational goals, they behave in this way to satisfy their needs.

3. Frederick Taylor believed that employees can be motivated to behave as responsible members of an organization when it is clear to them that accomplishing the organizational goals will bring them personal rewards.

4. Taylor's theory (Theory X) gave rise to the piece-rate system and it didn't take into account social processes in the work­place.

5. Douglas McGregor advanced a theory of a hierarchy of needs.

6. Douglas McGregor maintained that organizational goals which bring personal rewards and benefits (выгоды) to em­ployees lead to their dedication and loyalty to the firm and common desire to do the job well.

7. Abraham Maslow assumed that people seek to satisfy a vari­ety of needs and human motivation is a complex and dynamic process.

8. The level of safety needs of Maslow's "pyramid" includes food and water, clothing, shelter and sleep.

9. At the uppermost level are self-realization needs, the needs of people to increase and develop all their potentials and physio­logical needs.

10. Maslow suggested that people work to satisfy their physiolog­ical needs first, then their safety needs, and so on (и так далее) up the "needs ladder".

VI. Questions and assignments.

1. What is motivation? Give a short definition.

2. What is practical management based on?

3. State the main difference between Taylor's and McGregor's theories (Theory X and Theory Y).

4. Which theory of these two takes into account social process­es in the workplace?

5. State two main factors that help increase productivity at the Japanese firms.

6. Why do people at the Japanese firms work towards organiza-

7. Find in the text the words and word combinations which de­fine safety needs, social needs, and esteem needs.

8. How may the above mentioned (вышеупомянутые) needs be satisfied? Find the answers in the text and read them out (зачитайте вслух).

9. Which level in Maslow's pyramid is the most important one in your opinion (по вашему мнению)? Why?

VII. Speak on the following.

1. F. Taylor's and D.McGregor's motivation theories and the main difference between them.

2. A. Maslow's hierarchy of needs.