1 Which of the sentences are active and which are passive?

a I use this room as a study.	c We feed our cats twice a day.
b This room is used for meetings.	d But the dogs are fed just once a day.

2 Add the past participle to the following sentences. Choose from the verbs in the box

grow produce make deliver include employ decorate speak

a English is ……….…… here.	e Our kitchen is being ………….… at the moment.
b Volvos are ……….…… in Sweden.	f About one thousand people are …….…… in that factory.
c Is service ………….… in the bill?	g Lots of tulips are ………….… in Holland.
d Whisky is ………….… in Scotland.	h In Britain milk is ………….… to your doorstep.

3 Open the brackets using the verbs in the Present, Past or Future Simple Passive

1 My question …………… (not/answer) yesterday. 2 Hockey ……………… (play) in winter. 3 Mushrooms ………… (gather) in autumn. 4 Many houses ………… (burn) during the Great Fire of London. 5 His new book ………… (finish) next year. 6 Flowers ………… (sell) in shops and in the streets. 7 St Petersburg ………… (found) in 1703. 8 Bread ………… (eat) every day. 9 The letter ………… (receive) yesterday. 10 Nick ….… (send) to London next week. 11 I ……….. (ask) at the lesson yesterday.

4 Put the sentences in the Passive Voice. Use by where necessary.

e.g. Mother waters the flowers in the evening. — The flowers are watered in the evening.

1 Irene's husband brought her some beautiful shells from the south. 2 The explorers gave the newspaper reporters a long interview. 3 Mr Wilson will teach you English. 4 The doctor ordered me a month's rest from studying. 5 Tom gave Nick a book for his birthday. 6 Our mother tells us stories every evening. 7 Lydia will show you a new book of pictures. 8 A boy showed her the way. 9 They will send us a box of fruit. 10 Five or six small children followed them.

5 Put the sentences with the modals in the Passive Voice (modal + be + V₃ / V_ed)

1 You must take the box to the station. 2 You can cross the river on a raft. 3 The workers can finish building the house very soon. 4 You must return the books the day after tomorrow. 5 You must do three of these exercises tomorrow. 6 You can find the book you need in any library. 7 We must send these letters at once. 8 I can easily forgive this mistake. 9 You can find such berries everywhere. 10 You must do this work very carefully.

2 The environment and pollution

It was in Britain that the word “smog” was first used (to describe a mixture of smoke and fog) As the world's first industrialized country, its cities were the first to suffer this atmospheric condition. In the nineteenth century London's “pea-soupers” (thick smogs) became famous through descriptions of them in the works of Charles Dickens and in the Sherlock Holmes stories. The situation in London reached its worst point in 1952. At the end of that year a particularly bad smog, which lasted for several days, was estimated to have caused between 4,000 and 8,000 deaths.

Water pollution was also a problem. In the nineteenth century it was once suggested that the Houses of Parliament should be wrapped in enormous wet sheets to protect those inside from the awful smell of the River Thames. Until the 1960s, the first thing that happened to people who fell into the Thames was that they were rushed to hospital to have their stomachs pumped out!

Then, during the 1960s and 1970s, laws were passed which forbade the heating of homes with open coal fires in city areas and which stopped much of the pollution from factories. At one time, a scene of fog in a Hollywood film was all that was necessary to symbolize London. This image is now out of date, and by the end of the 1970s it was said to be possible to catch fish in the Thames outside Parliament.

However, as in the rest of western Europe, the great increase in the use of the motor car in the last quarter of the 20th century caused an increase in a new kind of air pollution. This problem has become so serious that the television weather forecast now regularly issues warnings of “poor air quality”. On some occasions it’s bad enough to prompt official advice that certain people (such as asthma sufferers) shouldn’t even leave their houses, and that nobody should take any vigorous exercise, such as jogging, out of doors.

mixture – суміш smoke – дим, імла fog – туман suffer – страждати

cause – спричиняти pollution – забруднення wrap – загортати awful – жахливий

stomach – шлунок increase – зростання, збільшення warning – попередження vigorous – енергійний

1 What is smog? What causes smog? 2 Describe the water pollution problem in 19th century England. 3 What can cause air pollution? 4 What are the most serious environmental problems nowadays in our country? 5 What causes these problems? 6 What can people do to protect nature from the harm? 7 Name some ecological problems of the place where you live. 8 Do you think our government does enough to protect our nature? Why? / Why not? 9 How do you personally take care of nature? 10 Be ready to speak about the problems of the environment in your country / town.