40. Cosciousness: essence and origin.

Consciousness - the state of mental life of, reflected in the subjective experience of events in the external world and the life of the individual, as well as a report on these events [1]. The term consciousness is a term difficult to define, since this word is used and understood in a broad spectrum of areas. Consciousness may involve thoughts, perception, imagination and self-awareness, etc. At various times, it can act as a type of mental state, as a way of perception, as a way of relationships with others. It can be described as a point of view, as I. Many philosophers consider consciousness as the most important thing in the world. On the other hand, many scholars tend to regard it as too vague in meaning, in order to use it. The origin of consciousness is primarily associated with the formation of a culture based on practical reform activities of people with the necessity of fixing of skills, methods, rules of this activity in specific forms of reflection. These skills, methods, rules of specific human activities have a specific nature, there are carried out and reproduced in the joint community activities, so entrench their forms of reflection are always social in nature. Thus, in a narrower sense, consciousness - the highest form of mental reflection, characteristic of the social development of man. Without consciousness is not possible joint activities of people in one generation, as well as transfer of culture from one generation to another. Consciousness, therefore, serves as a social memory of mankind, producing some of the schemes of reproduction experience accumulated by mankind. The emergence and development of consciousness is inextricably linked with the development of language as a material embodiment of the norms of consciousness. Consciousness appears in two forms: individual (personal) and public. Social consciousness - a reflection of social being, forms of social consciousness - science, philosophy, art, morality, religion, politics, etc.

41 Consciousness, language and communication.

Consciousness is a subjective image of the objective world

Language is as old as consciousness.Human speech, along with human consciousness, broke away from the situation, and that was a "communicative rev­olution", which gave rise to our consciousness and made the ideal element reproducing objective reality in a mediated fashion the con­tent of our speech. The essence of language is manifested in its dual function: it serves as a means of communica­tion and as an instrument of thought. Speech is activity, the very pro­cess of communication, of exchange of thoughts, feelings, wishes, goal-settings, a process which is realized through language, i.e. a definite system of communicative means. Language is a system of content-related, meaningful forms.Storing the spiritual values of society, being a material form of the condensation and storage of the ideal moments of human consciousness, language acts as a mechanism of social heredity. Language and consciousness form a contradictory unity. Lan­guage influences consciousness: its historically evolved norms, dis­tinctly different in each nation, stress different features in identical objects. For instance, the style of thought in German philosophical literature is different from that of French literature —a fact largely determined by the features of the national languages of these peo­ples. But the dependence of thought on language is not absolute, as some idealistically minded linguists assume; thought is largely deter­mined by its links with reality, while language can only partialy modify the form and style of thought.Language also influences consciousness in the sense that it exer­cises a kind of coercion, "tyranny" over thought, directing its move­ment along the channels of linguistic forms, driving, as it were, the variable, individually unique and emotionally coloured thoughts into the common framework of these forms.