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§ 2 Пасивний стан вживається:

  1. Якщо невідомо, хто виконував дію:

His car was stolen yesterday. (We don’t know who stole his car) – Його машину вкрали вчора.

  1. Якщо неважливо, хто виконував дію або це зрозуміло з контексту:

This juice is made in Odessa. (It’s not important who made the action). – Цей сік роблять в Одесі.

  1. Якщо сама дія є важливішою, ніж особа, що її виконує:

A scanner is used for inputting texts into a computer. – Сканер використовують для введення в комп’ютер текстів.

§ 3 Запам’ятайте, що після модальних дієслів та їх еквівалентів дієслово to be вживається у формі інфінітиву (can be / must be / should be / may be):

The contract can be signed tomorrow. – Контракт можна підписати завтра.

A table may be reserved for Saturday. – Столик можна буде замовити на суботу.

§ 4 Запам’ятайте форми дієслова to be для часів групи Simple:

Таблиця 1 – Форми дієслова to be для Present Simple Passive

Forms of to be

Examples of using (+)

Examples of using (?)

Examples of using (-)

I – am

I am asked at every lesson.

Am I asked at every lesson?

I am not asked at every lesson.

he / she / it – is

He is often invited to parties.

Wine is made from grapes.

Spanish is spoken here.

Is he often invited to parties?

Is wine made from grapes?

Is Spanish spoken here?

He is not often invited to parties.

Wine is not made from tomatoes.

Spanish is not spoken here

they /you/we - are

They are given presents at every Christmas.

We are informed about it.

Are they given presents at every Christmas?

Are we informed about it?

They are not given presents at every Christmas.

We are not informed about it.

Таблиця 2 – Форми дієслова to be для Past Simple Passive

Forms of the verb to be

Examples of using (+)

Examples of using (?)

Examples of using (-)

I/he/she/it – was

I was invited to the party yesterday.

She was sent a bunch of flowers.

Was I invited to the party yesterday?

Was she sent a bunch of flowers?

I was not invited to the party yesterday.

She was not sent a bunch of flowers.

they/you/we – were

They were sent cards.

The houses were built last year.

Were they sent cards?

Were the houses built last year?

They were not sent cards.

The houses were not built last year.

Таблиця 3 – Форми дієслова to be для Future Simple Passive

Forms of the verb to be

Examples of using (+)

Examples of using (?)

Examples of using (-)

I / we / he / she / it / they / you/ we – will be

We will be paid a lot of money for the job.

She will be examined next Friday.

Will we be paid a lot of money for the job?

Will she be examined next Friday?

We will not be paid a lot of money for the job.

She will not be examined next Friday.