Grammar: Порівняння утворення і вживання активного і пасивного станів (1)

ACTIVE (Підмет – суб’єкт дії)

PASSIVE (Підмет – об’єкт дії)

Present Simple

дія є повторюва-ною, відбувається завжди, постійно, часто або інколи

I / you / we / they + V

she / he / it + Vs

Do you + V? We don’t + V

Does she + V? He doesn’t + V

We usually use anti-virus programs.

I am + V3

he / she / it + is +V3

you /we / they + are + V3

Is she + V3? They are not + V3

Anti-virus programs are usually used.

Past Simple

дія відбулася у визначений час у минулому

I / he / they (etc)+ V2 (Ved)

Did you + V? Did she + V?

We didn’t + V He didn’t + V

We used an anti-virus program yesterday.

I / he / she / it + was + V3

you /we / they + were + V3

Was she + V3? Was he + V3?

They were not + V3

An anti-virus program was used yesterday.

Future Simple

дія є прогнозом, передбаченням щодо майбутнього

I / he / they (etc)+ will + V

Will she + V? Will they + V?

They will not + V

We will use an anti-virus program tomorrow.

I / he / they (etc)+ will be + V3

Will she be + V3?

They will not be + V3

An anti-virus program will be used tomorrow.

Present Continuous

тривала дія, що відбувається в момент мовлення

I am + Ving

he / she / it + is +Ving

you /we / they + are + Ving

Is she + Ving? Are they + Ving?

They are not + Ving

We are using an anti-virus program now.

I am being + V3

he / she / it + is being +V3

you /we / they + are being + V3

Is she being + V3?

They are not being + V3

An anti-virus program is being used now

Past Continuous

тривала дія, що відбувалася в певний момент у минулому

I / he / she / it + was + Ving

you /we / they + were + Ving

Was she + Ving?

Were they + Ving?

They were not + Ving

We were using an anti-virus program at this time yesterday.

I /he / she / it was being + V3

you /we / they + were being + V3

Was she being + V3?

Were they being + V3?

They were not being + V3

An anti-virus program was being used at this time yesterday.

Future Continuous

тривала дія, що відбуватиметься в якийсь момент або період часу в майбутньому

I / he / they (etc)+ will be + Ving

Will she be + Ving?

Will they be + Ving?

They will not be + Ving

We will be using an anti-virus program at this time tomorrow.

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Present Perfect

дія відбулася до моменту мовлення і результат її у теперішньому часі є очевидним

I/ you /we / they + have + V3

he / she / it + has + V3

Has she + V3? Have we + V3?

She has not + V3

They have not + V3

We have already used an anti-virus program.

I/ you /we /they + have been + V3

he / she / it + has been+ V3

Has she been + V3?

Have we been + V3?

She has not been + V3

They have not been + V3

An anti-virus program has already been used.

Past Perfect

дія відбулася і завершилася в минулому, до іншої минулої дії

I / he / they (etc)+ had + V3

Had she + V3?

She had not + V3

We had already used an anti-virus program by that time yesterday.

I / he / they (etc)+ had been + V3

Had she been + V3?

She had not been + V3

An anti-virus program had already been used by that time yesterday.

Future Perfect

майбутня дія, що закінчиться до певного моменту або до початку іншої дії в майбутньому

I / he / they (etc)+ will have + V3

Will she have + V3?

Will we have + V3?

She will not have + V3

They will not have + V3

We will have used an anti-virus program by this time tomorrow.

I / he / they (etc)+ will have been + V3

Will she have been + V3?

Will we have been + V3?

She will not have been +V3

They will not have been + V3

An anti-virus program will have been used by this time tomorrow.