Англ(2курс, 2 семестр)

6.There are … harbours for big ships.

7.There were … plains stretching for miles.

8.There were making their way through… mountains.

9.The rivers are of no … value as waterways and few of them are….

10.The charm of Britain lies in the … combinations of sea and highland, the… orchards of Kent, glorious … moors, … woods and … parks.

11.This submergence produced an … coast line with … inlets.

12.The term “King of Great Britain” was used for more … title the “King of England and Scotland”.

31.Translate into English.

1. Британія – порівняно невелика країна, чудово сформована природою. 2.

Британські острови – це група з 5 000 островів біля північно-західного узбережжя Європи. 3. Британські острови відокремлені від Європейського континенту Північним морем та Ла-Маншем. 4. Перша річ, яка вражає кожного, хто приїздить до Британії – це розмаїття ландшафту. 5. Ця країна відома своїми пасмами крейдяних скель, розкішними, вкритими вереском, загадковими лісами, моховими болотами, тюльпановими долинами та численними парками. 6. Мілкі річки на Британських островах течуть по затопленим рівнинам. 7. На мілководді вода тепліша, ніж на глибоководді, і ще це оберігає берег від надмірного холоду. 8. Ріки Британії не мають великої цінності як водні шляхи, лише деякі з них є сухо плавними.

32. Read the text about the structure of government in Great Britain; make sure you study the language of the text to be competent in further exercises and discussions. Be ready to give full answers to the questions above.

THE STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT IN GREAT BRITAIN

The Queen is officially head of all the branches of government, but she has little direct power in the country. The constitution has three branches: Parliament, which makes laws, the government, which “executes” laws (puts them into effect) and the courts, which interpret laws.

Parliament has two parts: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Members of the House of Commons are elected by the voters of 650 constituencies. They are known as Members of Parliament. The Prime Minister is advised by a Cabinet of about twenty other ministers. The Prime Minister, or leader of the Government, is usually the leader of the political party. The Cabinet includes the ministers in charge of major government departments or ministries. Departments and ministries are run by civil servants, who are permanent officials. Even if the Government changes after an election, the same civil servants are employed.

Members of the House of Lords are not elected. About 70 per cent of them are “hereditary peers” because their fathers were peers before them. 30 per cent are officially appointed by the Queen, on the advice of the Government, for various services for people.

HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT AT WESTMINSTER

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33. Discuss these questions in pairs.

What do you know about the Houses of Parliament?

What is Westminster?

What do you know about the Palace of Westminster?

What are the House of Commons and the House of Lords for?

34. Read the text about Houses of Parliament at Westminster; make sure you study the language of the text to be competent in further exercises and discussions. Be ready to give full answers to the questions below.

The Palace of Westminster - among the world's most famous buildings - houses the British Parliament: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

The first palace was built for Edward the Confessor, who came to the throne in 1042. Forty-five years later William Rufus, son of William the Conqueror, had Westminster Hall - the finest in Europe - added to the apartments and here he feasted in 1099. Henry III added the Painted Chamber in the 13th century and in his reign Parliament /from French parler - to speak or talk/ had its origins. Knights from the shires and burgesses from the towns were invited to meet in 1265. Thirty years later a more democratic Model Parliament took place with representatives, who were elected, not simply nominated. By 1550 the Commons and the Lords were meeting separately with Members of Parliament occupying the secularised exquisite St. Stephen's Chapel. Meanwhile the impressive Westminster Hall had been rebuilt with its hammerbeam roof and carved flying angles. When Charles II came to the throne in 1660, Cromwell's skull was stuck on a spike on the roof where it rotted for 25 years.

Every British citizen has the traditional right to ask to see his or her Member of Parliament, and they meet in the highly decorative Central Lobby. When Parliament is sitting, it is possible to hear debates from the Strangers' Galleries. Even the Queen is subject to restrictions. For the State Opening of Parliament she has to sit enthroned in the Lords while the Prime Minister and the Cabinet are summoned from the Commons - a custom which goes back to the era of Charles I, who burst in, demanding the arrest of five Members of Parliament. He failed.

Comprehension Сheck

35. Answer the questions.

1.When did Edward the Confessor come to the throne?

2.What building did William Rufus add to the apartments?

3.Who added the Painted Chamber in the 13th century?

4.When were knights from the shires and burgesses from the towns invited to meet in the Houses of Parliament?

5.What took place thirty years later?

6.When did Charles II come to the throne?

7.Whose skull was stuck on a spike on the roof of the Houses of Parliament?

8.What right has every British citizen?

9.Who is subject to restrictions?

10.What does the Queen have to do for the State Opening of Parliament?

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b/ Make use of the words and word-combinations given above to write down 10 sentences of your own.

41.Translate into English.

Палата лордів; палата громад; влаштувати бенкет; представники з міст;

рицарі з графств; галереї для відвідувачів; особа, на яку розповсюджується обмеження; державне відкриття парламенту; бути запрошеним з палати громад, сповідник; графство; підбалочник; вістря; скликати; вишуканий; череп; світський /мирський/.

42. Spelling checker. Complete the words with the missing letters:

Sh_res, b_rgess, exq_i_ite, b_rst, supr_me, pre_edence, p_ram_unt, a_t_ority, sew_r_ge, pl_nth, secul_rised, summ_n, m_ce, chan_ellor, r_ign.

43. Read the texts about the House of Lords and the House of Commons; make sure you study the language of the texts to be competent in further exercises and discussions. Be ready to give full answers to the questions below.

THE HOUSE OF LORDS

The House of Lords is composed of Church of England bishops and archbishops, peers who have inherited titles and peers who are appointed for life. Those members who are qualified in the law also sit as a court of law - the supreme court of appeal in the United Kingdom.

In the Chamber - where State Openings of Parliament take place with the Queen reading from the throne - the Lord Chancellor, who is also Speaker, has a seat called the Woolsack, formerly made of a large sack of wool. The Lord Chancellor is the highest civil subject in the land and takes precedence, after the royal family, before all the Queen's other subjects, with the exception of the Archbishop of Canterbury.

On either side of the Peers' Corridor frescoes depict events of the 17th century, including King Charles I's intrusion into the House of Commons in 1642. The average attendance at the House of Lords, which sits on about 140 days a year, is 270, but in the course of a year some 700 partake in the proceedings. The official report of Parliament's business is called Hansard.

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THE HOUSE OF COMMONS

Parliament's paramount power is to make laws. It provides, through taxation, the means to govern, a democratic process ensured by the party system which provides each government with an Opposition. Parliament consists of two chambers - the House of Lords and the Commons with 650 elected members.

Beyond the Central Lobby is the Members lobby, so called because only lobby correspondents can accompany Members this far. Beyond here are the Aye and No lobbies where Members pass through for a count when a vote or Division is called during the debate.

In the main chamber, the Speaker presides with the symbol of his authority, the Mace, on the table. The Prime Minister and Government Ministers sit on the front bench on the right side. The Opposition are on the left side.

For relaxation, the Members of Parliament have reception rooms which lead onto the riverside terrace. That could not be used until 1865 when London's new sewerage system opened and reduced the stink from the polluted Thames.

In the gardens across the road is the Jewel Tower, a stone structure built in 1365 to 66 as a royal treasure house. Among modern sculptures to have been placed in the vicinity is a masterpiece by Sir Henry Moore, while Sir Winston Churchill presides over Parliament Square, with his larger-than-life size sculpture raised on a plinth.

Comprehension Check

44. Answer the questions.

1.What is the House of Lords composed of?

2.How is the Lord Chancellor's seat called?

3.Who is the highest civil subject in the land?

4.What is depicted on either side of the Peer's Corridor?

5.How is the official report of Parliament's business called?

6.What is Parliament's paramount power? What does it provide?

7.What does Parliament consist of?

8.When was the Jewel Tower built?

45. Complete the following sentences.

1.The House of Lords is composed of … bishops and … peers who have inherited … and peers who are appointed … .

2.Those members who are qualified in the law, also sit as a court of law - … in the United Kingdom.

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3.In the Chamber – where State … of Parliament take place with the Queen reading from the throne – the Lord Chancellor, who is also … , has a seat called … , formerly made of a large … of wool.

4.The Lord Chancellor is the highest civil … in the land and takes …, after the royal family, with the exception of the Archbishop of … .

5.The average attendance at the House of Lords, which … on about … days a year is … , but in the course of a year some … partake in the proceedings.

46. In pairs, remember what facts and events these figures refer to.

Vocabulary Focus

47. Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases to your partner then use them to speak about the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

48.Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian. Then transcribe them to avoid possible mispronunciation and miscommunication in future.

Bishops; archbishops; peers; be appointed for life; the supreme court of appeal; the Lord Chancellor; to take precedence; intrusion; paramount power; taxation; be ensured by the party system; preside; mace; sewerage system; reduce the stink; be placed in the vicinity; larger-than-life size sculpture; raise on a plinth.

49.Translate into English.

Єпископи та архієпископи Англіканської церкви; лорди, що отримали свій титул у спадщину; вищий апеляційний суд; найвища форма влади парламенту; засоби для управління державою; гарантувати наявність опозиційної партії у кожному уряді; кулуари для депутатів; башта коштовностей; поблизу.

50. Translate the sentences into English.

1.У Вестмінстерському палаці, одному із найбільш знаменитих будинків світу, міститься Британський парламент: Палата лордів та Палата громад.

2.Вперше палац був збудований для короля Едуарда Сповідника, який сів на престол у 1042 році.

3.Під час правління Генріха ІІІ у ХІІІ столітті був скликаний перший парламент.

4.У кінці ХІІІ століття членів парламенту почали обирати, а не призначати.

5.У 1834 році сталася велика пожежа у Вестмінстерському палаці.

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6.Відбудова Палацу була доручена cеру Чарльзу Беррі, і він зробив це у вишуканому готичному стилі.

7.Кожний Британець має право на аудієнцію зі своїм депутатом парламенту.

8.Під час засідань парламенту можна спостерігати за дебатами з галереї для відвідувачів.

9.Під час державного відкриття парламенту королева має сидіти на троні у Палаті лордів.

10.Лорди одержують титул у спадщину або за особисті заслуги.

11.Офіційний звіт про засідання парламенту називається "Хенсард".

12.Вищою формою влади парламенту є законодавча влада.

13.На засіданнях у Палаті громад головує спікер, який має перед собою символ своєї влади – жезл /мейс/.

14.Прем'єр-міністр та міністри уряду займають перший ряд на лавах справа.

a.the place or moment where something begins to exist

b.to make something less religious or stop it from being controlled by religion

c.extremely beautiful and delicate

d.smell very unpleasant

e.the bones of the head

f.a square piece of stone that forms the bottom of a column or statue

g.a place in the British parliament building where politicians meet and talk to journalists

h.a more important position or status than something or someone else, or the right to

amore important position or status

i.the power to make decisions or tell people what to do; the power to influence other people because they respect your opinions or knowledge

j.a system of pipes and passages that carry sewage

k.someone who has been chosen or elected by a person or group to vote, give opinions, or make decisions for them

l.most important or powerful

m.be involved in an activity

n.more important than all other things

o.officially order someone to come to a place, especially a court of law

52. In pairs, remember the word combinations from the texts.

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Writing

53. Render the following text into English.

Вестмінстерський палац – будівля на берегу Темзи у лондонському районі Вестмінстер, де відбуваються засідання Британського парламенту. Він поєднується з Трафальгарською площею вулицею Уайтхолл.

Раніше (до 1529 р.) палац слугував столичною резиденцією англійських королів. Після пожежі 1834 року його відновлено за неоготичним проектом Ч. Баррі та А. У. П’юджина. Від середньовічного палацу залишилися лише Вестмінстерська зала прийомів (1097) і башта Коштовностей (збудована для зберігання казни Едуарда Ш).

У палаці 1200 приміщень, 100 сходів і більше кілометра коридорів. Серед башт палаца найбільш відома часовня – Біг Бен. В 1987 р. палац та церкву святої Маргарити (1486-1523), що розміщена поруч, визнали гідними Списку всесвітнього спадку.

RELIGION IN BRITAIN

54. Read the following text, translate it into Ukrainian. Make sure you study the language of the text to be competent in further exercises and discussions.

Every person in Britain is given the right to religious freedom. Britons are predominantly Christians. Anglican Church (the Church of England) is legally recognized as the official church of the State. In 1534 Henry VIII broke from the Church of Rome and declared himself Head of the Church of England. Church in Britain does not receive money from the state, but it has many properties and a large number of stocks and shares. Priests have the right to be married, and after 1987 women were allowed to become priests.

The Presbyterian Church is the established Church in Scotland. It is separated from the Anglican Church, and it has its own organizations and appoints its own ministers.

There is no officially established church in Wales. There are two most widespread Christian Churches in Wales, they are Methodist and Baptist. The Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster is the leader of the Catholic Church in Britain. In general, married men are not allowed to be Catholic priests.

The Jewish community in Britain is considered to be the second largest group of Jews in Europe. More than half of them live in London; Jews still have to marry Jews, for both racial and religious reasons.

British community is one of the largest communities in Western Europe. Nowadays fewer and fewer people in Britain go regularly to the traditional

Protestant and Catholic Churches. But still many people are interested in religion. There are many Christian organizations that are growing fast. Every year appear new cults, which are not based on Christianity or other major religion.

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Today the old narrow intolerance of the churches is disappearing. Many established churches are moving closer together, they bring nearer the movement toward universal Christian unity.

Comprehension Сheck

55. Answer the questions.

1.What church is the official church of Great Britain?

2.What is the established church in Scotland?

3 What is the official church in Wales?

4.Are there any other communities in Britain?

5.Are people still interested in religion? Why?

56. Complete the sentences.

1.Every person in Britain is given…

2.Anglican church is legally recognized as…

3.In 1534 Henry the VIII broke from…

4.Church in Britain has …

5.The Presbyterian church is…

6.There are two most wide-spread…

7.The Jewish community is considered…

8.Nowadays fewer and fewer people go…

9.Every year appear…

10.They are not based…

11.Today the old narrow intolerance of the churches

Vocabulary Focus

57. Explain the meaning of the following words.

58.Translate into English.

Право на свободу віросповідання; законно визнаний; право на одруження;

просвітеріанська церква; широко розповсюджений; культ; нетерпимість; базуватися на чомусь; переважно; майно; акції; призначати; відокремлений від; офіційно установлений.

59. Check the pronunciation of the following words in the dictionary.

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Anglican Church, Christians, Presbyterian Church, Methodist, Baptist, Cardinal Archbishop, Catholic Church, Jewish, Jews, Protestant, Muslim.

60. Match the two parts of collocations used in the text above.

61. Translate into Ukrainian.

The right to religious freedom, predominantly, to declare, stocks and shares, priest, to appoint, officially established Church, community, cult, intolerance, properties, racial reasons, legally recognized, universal unity, to be separated from.

62. Think of the words that fit the definitions below.

1.mostly; mainly;

2.one of the systems of faith that are based on the belief in the existence of a particular god or gods;

3.to say smth officially or publicly;

4.unwillingness to accept ideas or ways of behaving that are different from your own;

5.a small group of people who have extreme religious beliefs and who are not part of any established religion;

6.a person who is qualified to perform religious duties and ceremonies in the Roman Catholic, Anglican and Orthodox Churches;

7.to choose smb for a job or position of responsibility;

8.all the people who live in a particular area, country, etc. when talked about as a group.

a.appoint; b. Christianity; c. declare; d. cult; e. archbishop; f. Community; g. Protestantism; h. predominantly

63. Render the following text into English. Study the additional information about religion in Great Britain.

РЕЛІГІЯ У ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНІЇ Британська релігія була тісно пов'язана з королями, королевами та

політикою. Англія була римсько-католицькою країною до 1534 р. У 1525 р. король Генріх VIII вирішив розлучитися зі своєю королевою, Катериною Арагонською, тому що закохався в Анну Болейн. Але коли Генріх попросив у

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