Англ(2курс, 2 семестр)

seemed meticulous about. If you wanted to remain in their favour, you had to be on time. We had been warned about this on opening night. At eight on the stroke, the stage manager would take his knocker, which was new to us, and start pounding away on the floor just beside the stage so everyone in the building could hear it. This meant the play had begun.

Now we were leaving all this. We had been in London just long enough to want a change. It was a city that I never fell in love with but had grown fond of sanely.

Our first stop outside London was Liverpool, town of old slave markets, of flesh for gold. We were in Liverpool for a week, I think, maybe two. I only remember the uncomfortable feeling I had when I walked the streets. The loathing of the waterfront where the slave boats had docked. This was where it all began, with Africa, across the sea. I used to stand on the pier for hours staring out over the water. Was I feeling sorry for them that are no more, or was it for me, a descendant of them?

The hotel room was comfortable. I had a fireplace. With a shilling, you could get fire. For breakfast we had baked beans on toast, with a piece of tomato, or broiled kippers with dry toast and tea. No cream and one lump of sugar. I was more than happy to leave Liverpool.

Birmingham was the cold place. We stayed at private homes, and here we felt the blood of England. When we arrived at the house, Julie and I, there was the tiniest fire burning I ever saw. The lady of the house sat us down and gave us some hot tea to warm us up. She was a warm personality, which I could not understand because to me this was the coldest house I had ever been in. When we were taken upstairs to our rooms, I was convinced of it.

A large double bed made sleeping more than comfortable for us. At least Julie and I had no trouble keeping out of each other's way during the night. A basin and a pitcher of cold water on the table in a corner for washing purposes. The bathroom was down the stairs, around the bend and out of sight.

Since no one in all England had any spare coal, we could not expect any more than one piece of coal to be burning at a time. For two weeks, I didn't take my pyjamas off until I had to go on stage. I wore fleeced boots that went halfway up my legs; my pyjamas were also made of fleece wool. I wore several long-sleeved sweaters and was glad to wear bandannas to keep my head warm.

Comprehension Check

3. Answer the questions.

1.What feelings were the travellers overcome with when they got off the boat?

2.Have you read the fairy-tale “Alice in Wonderland” by Louis Carol? Why does the author use this analogy?

3.How did the travellers get to London?

4.Who were they met by?

5.Where had a gentleman made a reservation for them?

6.Why weren’t the travellers satisfied?

7.How did Julia and her companion manage to move to another apartment?

8.What was the first place of interest they visited?

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9. What do you know about Jack the Ripper?

10.What did the girls feel when they saw Scotland Yard? 11.Why can the British always depend on Big Ben? 12.Do you know why the clock was called so?

13.What did the travellers experience in Liverpool? 14.Where did they feel the blood of England? 15.What were they convinced of?

4.Look at the following sentences and decide whether they are true or false.

1.The girls had no trouble when claiming their belonging at Customs.

2.There was nobody to meet them in London.

3.An empty apartment was beyond their dreams.

4.They were reluctant to do lots of housekeeping.

5.Julia and her companion happened to know nothing about Jack the Ripper.

6.The English seemed to be meticulous about Big Ben.

7.Liverpool reminded the girls of slavery and flesh for gold.

8.They wished they could stay there longer.

9.It was in Birmingham where the blood of England as felt.

5. Complete the sentences.

1.When we got to London proper by train…

2.Julie had the name of a restaurant…

3.As luck would have it…

4.Much to our surprise, after a phone call…

5.We were very happy…

6.When we walked across London Bridge…

7.When we went through Jack the Ripper's playing grounds…

8.When I saw Scotland Yard…

9.Time was one thing…

10.Our first stop outside London was Liverpool…

11.When we were taken upstairs to our rooms…

Vocabulary Focus

6. Match the two parts of the word-combinations from the text.

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7. Find definitions to the words in the box below.

Unload; reservations topple; dart; damsel; weird; meticulous; pound; loathing; descendant; kipper; fleece; bandana; stroke

1.woolly covering of a sheep

2.to strike heavily, thump

3.sound made by a bell striking the hours

4.a kind of salted dried herring

5.a person who descends from

6.disgust

7.travel arrangements

8.to keep a room in a hotel

9.to be unsteady and overturn

10.brightly coloured square of material

11.to remove a load from

12.to move forward suddenly, quickly

13.showing attention to detail, careful and exact

14.a girl, young unmarried woman

15.unnatural, mysterious.

8. Match the words and word-combinations from the text to their Ukrainian equivalents.

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Vocabulary Notes

9. Study the dictionary entry of the words in the box.

see, look, glance, glimpse, stare, peep, gape, gaze, sight, view

10.Comment on the meaning of the word-combinations.

to see through a millstone

to make smb stare

to catch a glimpse of smth/smb

to get a peep of smth/smb

to have a look at smth/smb

to fix a glance on smth/smb

to gape in admiration

at the first gaze

to come into view

to keep smb/smth in sight

11.Match the two columns.

12. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.

1.She caught a glimpse at Eric and Edna disappearing into the crowd.

2.We got a peep of the house through the trees.

3.They came into view of the sanatorium.

4.Andrew kept sight of two people on the other side.

5.He had a knack of seeing through a millstone.

6.On the way out I had another look at the face in the mirror.

7.What he said made her stare.

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8.They stood gazing into a starry sky.

9.She gaped in admiration at a beautiful valley.

10.He fixed his glance on Katherine whose face was fresh with happiness.

Speaking

13. What discussion did England make on the main characters of the extract? What were the signs of war? Do you know any interesting facts about England and other parts of Britain? Share your ideas with your partner.

Grammar Focus

14. Complete the following proverbs matching their halves. Define the types of

15. Read Ukrainian proverbs and find their English equivalents in the task above.

a)Що посієш, те й пожнеш.

b)За двома зайцями поженешся, жодного не спіймаєш.

c)Що коневі на користь, то миші смерть.

d)Де є охота, там ладиться робота.

e)Що у кого болить, той про те говорить.

f)Усе має свій кінець.

g)Не такий страшний чорт, як його малюють.

h)Коли гармати заговорили, сперечатись пізно.

16.Fill in the gaps with the proper prepositions.

1.Much ___ our surprise, the manager found an empty apartment.

2.Any second he would dart ____ of the house.

3.If you want to remain ____ their favour, you had to be ___ time.

4.The British could always depend ____ Big Ben.

5.I used to stand ____ the pier.

6.When we arrived __ the house, there was the tiniest fire burning I ever saw.

7.I was convinced _____ it.

8.At eight__the stroke the stage manager would start pounding away__the stage.

9.We got ___ London ___train.

10.Julie and I had lots ___fun.

11.The guards are dressed ___seventeenth-century costumes.

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12. Liverpool was a town___ flesh ___gold.

17. Define the types of predicates in the following sentences.

1.We were met by a gentleman who was to see that we were properly situated.

2.It was expensive.

3.The bridge was going to topple.

4.The stage manager would take his knocker and start pounding away on the floor.

5.We were very happy.

6.This meant the play had begun.

7.We were taken upstairs.

8.Now we were all leaving this.

18.Read the jokes and define the types of sentences and predicates in them.

Art Editor: “Now, what we need for our next magazine cover is a girl wearing one of those religious gowns.”

Artist: “What do you mean, a religious gown?” Art Editor: Oh, one of these lo and behold.”

A clergyman was once accosted on the street by a man, who thought he knew the churchman’s face, but could not quite place it:

“Now, where in hell have I seen you?” he asked perplexedly. “From where in hell do you come, sir?” said the clergyman.

A barrister was arguing at great length in a wearied court and the Judge plainly showed his impatience. Finally he broke in with:

“Mr. Black, what you are now saying is going in at one ear and coming out at the other!

Mr. Black looked unperturbed: “Indeed, my Lord,” he replied, “is there nothing there to stop it?”

“What is your chief worry?” “Money.”

“Oh, I didn’t know you had any.” “I haven’t.”

GREAT BRITAIN

GREAT BRITAIN: GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION, POLITICAL SYSTEM, ORIGINS AND NOMENCLATURE

THE STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT IN GREAT BRITAIN

RELIGION IN BRITAIN

THE UNION JACK

BRITISH ROYAL CEREMONIES & HOLIDAYS

BRITAIN, SCOTLAND, WALES, NORTHERN IRELAND

19. Discuss these questions.

-Have you ever been to the United Kingdom?

-What interesting do you know about Great Britain?

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20. Read the following texts about Great Britain, translate them into Ukrainian. Make sure you study the language of the text to be competent in further exercises and discussions.

The name Britain is very ancient: the earliest known form is believed to date back to about 325 BC. The term Great Britain was first widely used during the reign of King James VI of Scotland to describe the island, on which co-existed two separate kingdoms ruled over by the same monarch.

Often the terms Britain and British refer to the whole of the UK or its predecessors, or institutions associated with them, and not just Great Britain. For example, United Kingdom monarchs are often called "British monarchs"; United Kingdom Prime Ministers are often called "British Prime Ministers". Such usage is generally seen as correct. However the use of the term English for British, as in "Queen of England" is clearly incorrect; England in a sense of a separate state has not existed since 1707.

Why "Great" Britain rather than Britain?

There are in fact two Britains: the island of Britain in the British Isles and the land of Britain in France. In French these are known as Grande Bretagne and Bretagne, in English as Great Britain and Brittany. The word "Great" in this context has its old meaning of "big". Likewise, the ending "-y" on the end of "Brittany" has the meaning "Little", as in "doggy", meaning "small dog", or "Jimmy", meaning "little Jim". During medieval times, the British Isles were referred to as Britannia major and Britannia minor. The term "Bretayne the grete" was used by chroniclers as early as 1338, but it was not used officially until King James I proclaimed himself "King of Great Britain" on October 20, 1604 to avoid the more cumbersome title "King of England and Scotland".

Geographical Position

Great Britain, also called Britain, is an island beautifully modeled by nature lying off the western coast of Europe, comprising the main territory of the United Kingdom, and consisting of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland and over 5,500 small islands. With an area of 242,000 sq.km, the island of Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles, an archipelago that also includes Ireland and the Isle of Man. Its rank among the islands in the world is either eighth or ninth, depending on whether you count Australia. The British Isles lie between latitudes, 50 and 60 degrees north and are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The nearest point is across the Strait of Dover, where the chalk cliffs of Dover are only 22 miles from those of France.

Western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea. Britain is comparatively small, but there is hardly a country in the world where such a variety of scenery can be found. The charm of it lies in the finest combination of sea and highland, the valleys of South Wales, the smiling orchards of Kent, the desolate mountains of Scotland, glorious heather-covered moors, smooth fields, mysterious woods and numerous parks. There are flat tulip fields round the Fens that would make you think you were in Holland. Britain looks like one well-ordered park under the charge of a skilful landscape gardener. The seas round the British Isles are shallow and flow over submerged plains, which long ago joined Britain to the rest of

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Europe. This submergence produced an indented coast line with deep inlets providing good natural harbors. In some ways shallowness is an advantage. Shallow water is warmer than deep water and keeps shores from extreme cold. It is the home of millions of fish.

Owing to the shape of the country there is no point in it that is more than 70 miles from the sea. It greatly facilitates the export of manufactures and has made the English race a sea-loving one.

The rivers of Britain are of no great value as waterways and few of them are navigable. However many rivers have been joined by canals so that it is quite possible to travel by water from one end of England to the other. The estuaries of the Thames, Mersey, Tyne, Clyde, Tay, Forth, Severn shelter the largest ports of Britain such as London, Glasgow, Newcastle, Plymouth, Liverpool and others.

Political System

Over the centuries, Great Britain has evolved politically from several independent states (England, Scotland, and Wales) through two kingdoms with a shared monarch (England and Scotland), a single all-island Kingdom of Great Britain, to the situation following 1801, in which Great Britain together with the island of Ireland constituted the larger United Kingdom (UK). The UK became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in the 1920s. Because of this complex history the term Great Britain (or Britain) is often erroneously used when the UK is meant.

Great Britain is a monarchy. The powers of the Queen of Great Britain are not absolute but constitutional. They are limited by Parliament, and are hereditary, not elective. The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the party that has the majority in the House of Commons. All the affairs of the state are conducted in the name of the Queen, but it is the prime Minister who is responsible for every measure submitted to Parliament. Once a party has won a majority of votes, it forms the Government and holds office for five years or more until it is defeated by opposition.

Comprehension Check

21. Answer the questions.

1.What is the geographical position of Great Britain?

2.What is the total area of the country?

3.What do you know about the chief rivers of Great Britain and their importance in the life of people?

4.When did the UK become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland?

5.Why is it erroneously to use the term Great Britain (or Britain) when the UK is meant?

6.When was the term Great Britain first widely used?

7.Why do we call the country "Great" Britain rather than Britain?

22. Complete the sentences.

1. Great Britain is an island…

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2.The British Isles lie…

3.They are separated from the European continent…

4.The charm of Great Britain lies…

5.Britain looks like…

6.The seas round the British Isles …

7.In some ways…

8.This submergence produced…

9.Shallow water is …

10.Owing to the shape of the country…

11.The rivers of Britain…

23. Look at the following sentences and decide whether they are true or false. Then read quickly through the text and check your answers.

1.Great Britain lies off the southern coast of Europe.

2.The total territory is about 30000 sq. m.

3.It’s the second largest island in the world.

4.There are 25 miles between Great Britain and France.

5.Great Britain cannot boast of its scenery.

6.The seas round the British isles are rather deep.

7.Submerged plains are used to join Britain and Europe.

8.There are very few natural harbours.

9.Warm water is the home of millions of fish.

10.The rivers of Britain are navigable.

Vocabulary Focus

24. Explain the meaning of the following words and word combinations in English and use them in situations of your own.

-harbor

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26. Check the pronunciation of the following words in the dictionary.

Albion, erroneously, archipelago, latitude, cumbersome, heather, the Strait of Dover, nomenclature, predecessor, hereditary

27. Give the synonyms for the following words.

Evolve, variety, erroneously, cumbersome, comprise, predecessor.

28. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word from the table, making any necessary changes.

1.No payments were made last week because of a computer ____________.

2.A _________ of hooks were used for different kinds of fish.

3.The submarine had time to ___________ before the warship could approach.

4.The round _________ of the sea was bleared.

5.About 7 percent of American military forces are __________ of women.

6.Scientists believe that some species of animals ________ from dinosaurs.

7.His work has been criticized for being imitative and _________.

8.The new trade agreement should ________ more rapid economic growth.

9.The organization changed its ____________ title to something easier to remember.

10.Parents should give their children __________ when choosing a career.

29. Translate into English.

Дикі безлюдні гори; загадкові ліси; затопленість; чудово сформована природою; природні гавані; розмаїття ландшафту; розкішні вкриті вереском мохові болота; порівняно невелика; майстерний садівник; порізана берегова лінія; великий добре доглянутий парк; рівнинні тюльпанові поля; бути відокремленим морем; знаходитись на певній відстані від чогось; сприяти експорту товарів завдяки чомусь; бути непридатним; мати цінність.

30. Fill in the gaps with adjectives.

1.… water is warmer than … deep.

2.Dover is famous for its … cliffs.

3.That part of the country is noted for … cold.

4.There are … fields in the east of England.

5.Britain looks like one … park under the charge of a … gardener.

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