Англ(2курс, 2 семестр)

палата лордів. Над будинком парламенту знаходиться найвідоміший годинник у світі з його величезним дзвоном – Біг Беном.

Щороку 9 млн. туристів приїжджають у Лондон, щоб побачити такі його визначні місця, як Вестмінстер, Хауз Гардз на Уайтхол.

Трафальгарська площа була побудована на згадку про Трафальгарську битву під командуванням лорда Нельсона. Тут ви можете відвідати найбільший музей мистецтв – Національну галерею – або просто погодувати голубів.

CULTURAL DESTINATIONS IN LONDON

Listening

94.Before you listen discuss the questions below with your partner.

Look at the pictures of New York and London. What do you know about the cities?

Have you been there? What did you do?

What do you think of the cities?

a.Listen to Sheila and Bob talking about their experience from living in New York.

Bob and Sheila spent two years living in New York because of Bob’s work as a banker. Neither of them had lived in a big city before. They now live back in England, in a small village outside London.

b.Listen to Terry. She is an American who lives in London.

Terry Tomscha talks about her experience of living and working in England, where she has been for the past eleven years.

95. Complete the table with what they/she say/s about the following things.

1. People

What are they like?

What is important to them? What do they like doing? Where do they live?

2. Shops

161

What are they like?

Do they like them?

What time do they open?

3.Work and holidays

4.Transport

What do they mention?

5. General opinions

Is it a good place to live? Why?

c. Compare your information with your partner’s.

96.Read top 10 amazing facts about London. Then close the book and speak in turn with your partner to remember as much information as you can.

DO YOU KNOW TOP 10 AMAZING FACTS ABOUT LONDON?

1.London is the world's most diverse and multi-cultural city with 300 languages spoken among its 7.5 million residents. There are 90,000 international students in London, representing 200 nations.

2.London has over 200 museums, twice as many as Paris or New York, 120 historic buildings, 150 theatres, 8,000 acres of parkland, 33 sites of scientific interest, 37,000 listed buildings and four world heritage sites.

3.Visit the British Museum’s magnificent Reading Room, restored to its 1857 glory and housing a library with 25,000 books and catalogues.

4.The British Library is one of the world's largest and greatest libraries with 150 million items – growing by 3 million new items each year.

5.With over 2.5 miles of galleries the British Museum contains one of the most comprehensive collections of antiquities and books anywhere in the world. One of the students says: "What I like about this city is you can spend a whole lifetime here and you still haven't seen it all."

6.Dating back to the sixteenth century, Bethnal Green's Museum of Childhood houses a vast collection of objects made for children, from all over the world.

7.The Ragged School Museum in London's East End explores how the Victorians educated children from poor backgrounds.

8.London has 1,879 primary schools, 2,301 state schools, 410 private schools and

168special schools.

9.London Schools educate more than 1 million children. It has more than 40 universities and higher education colleges teaching almost 400,000 students each year.

10.London has 359 public libraries, 55 colleges of further education teaching over 500,000 students each year.

97.A. Discuss London quiz questions in pairs.

1.What does Whitehall stand for?

2.Why does Trafalgar Square make a good place to meet sightseeing buses?

3.Buckingham Palace isn't the only main residence of the British monarchs in London, is it?

162

4.What are the advantages of seeing major sights of the city from an open top doubledecker bus?

5.What places of interest can you see standing at Parliament Square?

6.What is Big Ben? Do you know the origin of the name?

7.Do you know the name of the Royal Church?

8.What was the Tower of London used for?

9. Are you fond of art and what art galleries are known to you in London?

10. Why was Margaret Thatcher forced to resign?

B. Write 10 more quiz questions and ask them in class.

98. Projects

I. a. Work in groups of three. Each group chooses two of the famous landmarks on pages 204 - 205.

b.Then each group collects as mush tourist information as possible about this landmark and writes a short essay about it.

c.One member of each group then acts as a guide and takes the other students around his/her groups landmark.

163

UKRAINE

MODULE

UKRAINE: GENERAL PROFILE

THE SYSTEM OF STATE POWER. THE CONSTITUTION OF UKRAINE

THE NATIONAL SYMBOLS OF UKRAINE

WE ARE UKRAINIANS. TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS

UKRAINE ON THE WAY TO THE GLOBAL INTEGRATION

UKRAINE: GENERAL PROFILE

1. Work in pairs. Discuss the following points.

1.What do you know about the geographical position of Ukraine?

2.What do you know about its climate, relief, the most important rivers and seas?

3.How would you describe its nature and terrain?

164

2. Read the text. Give your special attention to the vocabulary to be competent in further exercises and discussions.

Location: Ukraine is situated in eastern Europe bordering on Russia, Poland, Belarus, Slovakia, Hungary, Moldova and Rumania. In the south Ukraine is washed by the Black and the Azov seas.

Because of its favourable geographical location in the centre of Europe and a well-developed net of the air, railway, sea and motor transport, Ukraine is a transit state for passengers and cargoes from different countries.

Area total: 603,700 sq. km. It is larger than France, Spain, Sweden and Poland. Capital city: Kyiv with 2,629,300 inhabitants occupies 800 sq. km. Population: around 45 million people. Ukraine is the fifth most populated

country in Europe. The majority of people live in cities or towns, the urban population makes up 66 %, more than 30% of the population live in the rural areas. The average density of the population is 85 people per one sq. km.

Climate: it is temperate continental apart from the Crimea where it is subtropical and Mediterranean-like. Precipitation is distributed disproportionally, highest in the west and north, lesser in the east. Summer is warm, sunny and green across the greater part of the country, with occasional showers and thunderstorms. Autumn is ablaze with colours. Winter is mild and varies from cool to cold with no severe frosts but with regular snowfalls. The average winter temperature varies: -20 degrees Centigrade in the north to -3/-5 degrees in the south.

Terrain: most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus. Ukrainian rich black soil brought the country its fame of one of the biggest producers of the winter wheat and sugar beets. Ukraine is traditionally an agricultural area. It grows wheat, maize, buckwheat, corn, red and green vegetables, all kinds of fruit, melons and berries. Ukraine is the world’s main centre of sugar production. Mountains are found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south.

Elevation extremes: the lowest point: the Black Sea – 2,210 m, the highest points: Hoverla Mountain – 2,061 m (the Carpathians), Roman-Kosh – 1,545 m (the Crimea).

Rivers: the most significant are the Dnipro, the Dniester, the Southern Bug, the Prypyat, and the Desna. The Dnipro is the major river in the country and the third longest in Europe.

Nature: Ukraine is a land of spectacular nature, much of which has been virtually untouched since ancient times. Fields, meadows, hills are dotted with green forests. Ukraine has mostly coniferous and deciduous trees: pine, oak, fir, beech, birch, aspen, poplar, elm, ash, linden, maple, willow, hornbeam. Mountains and valleys full of beautiful flowers create the unique landscape of the country.

Wild life: it is presented by the animal species still remain. Mammals include: deer, brown bears, wild cats, pigs, roes, hamsters, beavers, martens, elks. Birds include: sparrow, black vulture, steppe eagle, gray heron, grouse, partridge, titmouse. Fish include: perch, bream, pike, carp.

Natural resources: the country has rich reserves of iron and manganese ores, of bitumen and coal; Ukraine possesses the deposits of natural gas, oil, salt, sulphur,

165

graphite, titanium, magnesium, nickel, mercury, timber, mineral salts, clay and potential water power.

Ethnic groups: the Ukrainian people are indigenous to Ukraine and have lived on its territory for thousands of years. Ukrainians account for approximately 73% of the total population of Ukraine, then come Russians (22%), Belarusians, Moldavians, Poles, Tartars, Armenians, Bulgarians, Greeks, Jews, Romanians and others. The Ukrainian language (belongs to the Slavic group) is the official language of the country, though Russian is widely spread in the Crimea, in the Eastern and the Southern areas; Romanian, Polish, Hungarian languages can also be found in Ukraine. People in Ukraine are benevolent, light-hearted, hospitable, and generous.

Religions: Ukraine is a poly-confessional state, traditionally the people of Ukraine belong to the Orthodox Church and the Greek-Orthodox Church (Catholic with Orthodox Rite). Orthodoxy is Ukraine’s historical and traditional confession. But Latin Catholicism, Protestantism, Judaism, Islam and numerous other religious denominations are spread in this country.

Holidays: main national holiday – Independence Day; other holidays: New Year’s Day, Christmas (Orthodox), International Women’s Day, Labour Day, Victory Day, Easter, Constitution Day.

Government type: republic, Constitutional Democracy.

Head of State: President

Legislative power: Verkhovna Rada (Supreme Council). Executive power: Cabinet of Ministers

Currency: Ukrainian Hryvnia. The 2nd of September, 1996 was a historic date in the life of the country. It was the day when the hryvnia became operational. Administrative divisions: 24 regions (oblasti), 1 autonomous republic of the

Crimea.

Suffrage: 18 years of age universal.

Comprehension Check

3. Answer the questions.

1.Where is Ukraine situated and what countries does it border on?

2.How is the population in Ukraine territorially located?

3.What is characteristic to Ukrainian climate and relief?

4.What do you know about Ukrainian rivers, nature and wild life?

5.What natural resources are available on the territory of Ukraine?

6.What ethnic groups and religions are there in Ukraine?

7.What holidays are celebrated in this country?

8.What do you know about the state system of Ukraine?

4. Complete the sentences using the material of the text “Ukraine: General Profile” and check your knowledge. Do not look at the text again.

1.The urban population grows and it comprises ……. .

2.Ukraine occupies the territory of ……. .

3.The majority of people in Ukraine live in ……. .

166

4.Ukraine is situated in the temperate continental zone apart from the Crimea …. .

5.Most territory of Ukraine consists of fertile soils ……. .

6.Ukraine is a country which possesses spectacular nature ……. .

7.On its territory there are a lot of fields, hills ……. .

8.All seasons of the year are ablaze with ……. .

9.The fauna in Ukraine is extremely diverse, and it includes ……. .

10.Ukraine is rich in mineral resources which are as follows: ……. .

11.People in Ukraine present the greatest treasure being ……. .

12.Ukraine is a country which has a lot of religions ……. .

13.The country state system is represented ……. .

14.The 2nd of September, 1996 is a historic date for all Ukrainian people as it was…

Vocabulary Focus

5. Explain the meaning of the following words and word combinations and use

6.Translate into Ukrainian and use in your own sentences.

Transit country; extremely diverse; average density; to be ablaze with; terrain; a

variety of; elks; coniferous; deciduous; beech; hornbeam; grouse; titmouse; partridge; perch; bream; benevolent and light-hearted people; fertile plain; meadow; spectacular landscape; valley; indigenous; to account for; to make up; prevalent; denomination (money); denominations (religious); confession; operational; portable water.

7. Translate into English.

Бути розташованим; межувати з; помірно-континентальний; опади; родючий; бути розповсюдженим; липа; ясень; клен; осина; види тварин; лось; косуля; багаті запаси руди; поклади корисних копалин; різноманітні традиції; нараховувати; вражаючої краси природа; висота (над рівнем моря); складати 50 відсотків; місцевий (характерний); віросповідання; монети малої вартості; фактично; палати кольорами; доброзичливий; веселий; щедрий (про людей).

8. Find the appropriate match from the words on the left.

167

9.Fill in the necessary words to complete the sentences.

Diverse, prevalent, split, elevation, inviolability, differences, everlasting, extremely, density, diversity, varied, contamination, denominations, terrain

1.The ……. in climate are ……. on the most territory of Ukraine.

2.Ukrainian ……. is characterized by ……. relief.

3.The size and ……. of settlements on this territory is amazing.

4.The government has ……. responsibilities.

5.The program of this region development takes into account the ethnic ……. of the population.

6.Without attracting innovative technologies in this sphere it is impossible to give this question further consideration, it is an ……. difficult problem.

7.History knows a lot of examples when different political unifications ……. into separate states as a result of political and economical disintegration.

8.Ukraine’s ……. fame is its hospitality, friendliness and kindness.

9.Drinking water and soils are said to have radioactive ……. .

10.The road climbs to an ……. of 1000 feet.

11.Christians of all ……. should live in tolerance and peace.

12.The Constitution in Ukraine provides laws which guarantee its ……. .

10.Render in English using the vocabulary of the text “Ukraine: General Profile”.

Географічне положення України.

Україна належить до групи східноєвропейських країн і є однією з

найбільших країн у цій групі. Територія України складає 603,700 кв. кілометрів, і це більше, ніж територія Франції або Італії. Населення України складає близько 45 млн. чоловік.

Україна межує із сімома країнами: Білорусією на півночі, Росією на північному сході, Молдовою і Румунією на південному заході, Угорщиною, Польщею й Словакією на заході.

Чорне й Азовське моря омивають країну на півдні. Глибина Чорного моря сягає 2000 метрів. Азовське море – дуже невеличке, мілке й тепле море. Його глибина становить 6 метрів.

Оскільки Україна розташована так, що має морські кордони й межує з багатьма країнами, її географічне положення можна вважати сприятливим для торгівлі й міжнародних зв’язків.

95 відсотків території України займають рівнини, 5 відсотків складають гори. Це Кримські гори й українські Карпати. Кримські гори піднімаються на 1500 метрів над рівнем моря. Крим – це відомий український курорт. Багато українців та інозeмців приїжджає в Крим улітку на відпочинок. Карпати - також

168

популярне місце для відпочинку й туризму. У Карпати їдуть відпочивати будьякої пори, особливо взимку, щоб покататися на лижах.

Україна має багатий економічний потенціал. Країна багата металами, вугіллям, газом та іншими природними ресурсами.

Україна – єдина країна Європи, в якій луки переходять у лісову зону на північному заході, у степову – на південному сході й середземноморську – на узбережжі Чорного моря.

Клімат України.

Клімат України, так само як і будь-якої іншої країни, зумовлюють особливості її географічного положення. Оскільки Україна лежить на південному сході центральної Європи, досить далеко від Атлантичного океану й близько до Азійського континенту, клімат України помірно-континентальний. Характeрні риси цього клімату - 4 пори року: зима, весна, літо, осінь. Зими не мають сильних морозів, але часто йде сніг на всій території, крім південних регіонів. Весна доволі пізня: тільки наприкінці квітня люди мають можливість помилуватися теплим сонечком й цвітінням дерев. Літо зазвичай спекотне зі зливами та грозами, які зменшують спеку й очищують повітря. Справжня осінь приходить у жовтні , приносить із собою сльотаву холодну погоду з пронизливими вітрами й постійним дощем.

Гори України – Карпати й Кримські гори – належать до середземноморської кліматичної зони. Тому в цих регіонах погода тепліша, завдяки чому Карпати й Кримські гори стали популярними курортами, куди приїжджають багато туристів.

Населення України.

Населення України складає близько 45 млн. чоловік. Більшість населення мешкає в містах. Найбільш заселені південні й східні території: Харків, Дніпропетровськ, Луганськ, Донецьк і південно-західні регіони: ІваноФранківськ, Львів, Чернівці.

Україна – багатонаціональна країна. Українці складають близько 78 відсотків всього населення. Росіяни – близько 18 відсотків. Білоруси, поляки, угорці, румуни живуть переважно в західній частині України; євреї, молдавани, й татари – на півдні країни.

Українська мова – офіційна мова нашої країни.

Більше 11 млн. українців живе за межами нашої країни. Приблизно 5 мільйонів живе в Росії. Багато українців мешкає в Європі (Польщі, Німеччині, Франції), Південній Америці (Аргентині, Бразилії) і Австралії. 1 млн. українців живе в США й біля 500 тисяч – у Канаді. Хоча багато з українців, що живуть за кордоном, не говорять українською мовою, вони все ще пам’ятають про своє походження й підтримують зв’язки з родичами в Україні.

UKRAINE’S STATE SYSTEM OF POWER

11. Find the appropriate definitions for the words.

1.monarchy

2.dictatorship

169

3.independence

4.republic

5.democracy

a)a state governed by representatives and, usually, a president

b)a state ruled by a king or a queen

c)government of, by and for the people

d)system of government run by a dictator

e)freedom from outside control; self-governing

12.Decide on the government type of the country you live in. Present your opinion.

13.Listening

Listen to the information about the system of power organization in the USA to compare it with the ones in Britain and Ukraine. Make notes of the information you hear.

14. Draw the table similar to that below and fill it in with the necessary information.

Work in pairs and discuss how the systems of power are organized in Britain, the USA and Ukraine.

170