Англ(2курс, 2 семестр)

for a long time, and 1986 is forever carved in the national memory. If you don’t have a chance to go for a tour of Chernobyl site itself, you can learn more about the catastrophe in Kyiv’s most interesting and engaging museum. A must in our list of things to do in Kiev!

What tourists say:

I didn’t imagine that this tiny museum, which costs pennies to enter, could be so engaging and informative. This museum is a must see… It leaves a lasting impression. A Must See – eye-opening and moving…

4. Explore Museum of One Street and buy local handicrafts at the Andriyivsky Descent.

“Small in size but very deep in substance”, the Museum of One Street is definitely among our favorite things to do in Kiev! It tells the enchanting and rich history of Ukraine’s capital, through the story of its most famous street – Andriyivsky Descent. The Descent, or called by local people – Andriyivsky Uzviz, is a small down-hill street that used to connect the Upper Kyiv with the more commercial district of Podil, located on Dnieper River Banks. The street is packed with historical landmarks: eyecatching 18th century baroque St.Andrew’s Church, the house of the ever-mysterious “Master and Margarita” author – Mikhail Bulgakov, and the Castle of Richard the Lionheart. Andriyivsky Uzviz is also famous for its art bazaar, and is bustling with art galleries, crafts shops and local artisans. Stroll along the street or take up a master class in one of Ukrainian crafts!

5. Go cycling in Golosiyivsky Forest.

If you are into outdoors and would love a more adventurous exploration of Kyiv, take off to one of its green areas! Golosiyivsky Park is a unique nature park with its cascade lakes situated right in the central part of Kiev. An enchanted forest, picturesque natural landscape and fresh air will immediately help you forget your daily troubles. In the minds of many believers Golosiyivskiy Park and forest are also strongly associated with Golosiyivsky desert, where pilgrims come not only from Ukraine, but also from other countries. Pushcha – Vodycia is Kyiv’s by far most popular rest area. A land of forests, small ponds and lakes, and even a tram line that takes you along its pine trees! Rent a bike and set off for green escape, only minutes away from busy Kyiv streets. Add cycling to your growing list of things to do in Kiev!

6. St. Sophia Cathedral (UNESCO World Heritage List).

Dating back to the glorious times of Kievan Rus, St.Sophia Cathedral remains an outstanding architectural landmark and tops the most-visited list of sights in Kyiv. And even though we tried to escape from the traditional lists of things to do in Kiev, St.Sophia just gotta stay here. It’s beautiful, serene and calm. Its 11th century mosaics are captivating and you can’t keep being amazed at how ancient history presents itself here: in every stone, a bell tower with great views of the city and an amazing interior full of paintings over 1000 years old.

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What tourists say:

Very fascinating place… Unique painted interior..

St. Sophia’s … is the one that brought me to tears with its incredible air of spirituality.

7. Be amazed at the Museum of Miniatures.

Have you ever wanted to see the world’s smallest book? Or a golden set of chess that would fit on a pinhead? Mykola Siadristy can show you just that! He is the only author in Kyiv’s famous Museum of Miniatures. Located at the site of Kyiv Pechersk Lavra (Eastern Orthodox Cave Monastery, in itself inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage Site), Museum has incredible and mind-blowing exhibition: a rose in a hair, golden caravan of camels in needle’s eye, mock windmill on half of poppy seed.

What tourists say:

…overwhelming human capacities… …absolutely unique items made by unique master!

8. Shop organic food and talk to ‘babushkas at a local bazaar.

Oh, ‘babushkas! The actual Ukrainian name for these hard-working old ladies would be ‘babcia’. But no matter how you call them, ‘babushka’s are the stronghold of Ukraine. They are a typical sight no matter where you go, and always impress you with their endurance and wise outlook on life. The best place to interact with them – local markets! ‘Babushka’s are always there, selling delicious vegetables and fruits, or flowers. Don’t haggle for the price, but instead try their home-made food, buy a kilo of red apples and directly support their livelihood.

Where to find it:

The closest to Kiev’s city center, though not most authentic, is Bessarabsky Bazaar. It’s located at the end of Khreshchatyk St. and can be easily reached on foot.

For a more local experience, go for Zhytniy Bazaar: located at Verhniy Val st., 16. You can reach it from Kontraktova Square Metro Station.

9. Hang out at Sculpture’s Alley.

The Sculptures Alley is called the kindest place in the capital, and it’s indeed the case: probably no person ever passed it without a smile. The alley was built in 1980s by the architect Avraam Miletsky. In 2009 it started to grow with the funky additions of contemporary art sculptures. Easily our favorite off-the-beaten track place in Kyiv!

10. Drink tea on Independence Square.

Ukraine’ famous Orange Revolution of 2004 might not have succeeded in changing the social and economic realities of the country, but it left a remarkable imprint on those, who’ve participated in it. Yes, we’ve been there. And yes, that’s why we put ‘a drink at Independence Square’ (or Maidan, as known among Ukrainians) among our things to do in Kiev. It might not be the most attractive square, neither a location with outstanding historical landmarks. And while there are many nicer places in the

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city, Maidan is the heart of Kyiv and the heart of Ukraine. Walk along its fountains, take a photo in front of its questionably beautiful Statue to Ukrainian Independence, drink coffee in one of its cafes, enjoy some people watching, and listen to the freedom stories of Maidan.

What tourists say:

…the spirit of Maidan will make an unforgettable impression in your heart. Worth visiting at night as well.

If you are in Kyiv, you should really see Maidan!

Variant 3.

A.Find out as much as possible about the famous landmarks you haven't been to and make up a short «Tour of famous Kyiv landmarks".

B.Compare notes in class and read out the various suggestions for the tours.

Final Quiz

Discuss Kyiv quiz questions in pairs to check your knowledge.

1.What was the dominating structure of the High Monastery in Lavra?

2.What was the origin of “Pechersky”?

3.What decoration was used to adorn the interior of St. Sopfia Cathedral?

4.Which waterway was the important trade route in Aincient Rus?

5.What made Mongol-Tatars leave the territory of Kyiv?

6.How many concentration camps were in Kyiv?

7.Who was invited to Kyiv to build the monument to Prince Volodymyr?

8.What is the story about the famous wrought-iron gazebo?

9.Why was it decided to reconstruct ST. Michael’s Square?

10.Why was the Golden Gate called “Golden”?

11.What is supposed to be the most interesting building in St Sophia ensemble?

12.What tragedy is connected with the Babyn Yar?

13.What helped the monument to Prince Volodymyr survive the period of occupation?

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LONDON

Look at the map of London and discuss these questions in pairs:

Have you ever been to London?

What interesting do you know about London?

What is the heart of London?

What is the Monument?

Where is the Green Belt?

Read the quotes about London. What did S. Johnson and H.G. Wells mean?

"When a man is tired of London,

he is tired of life: for there is in London all that life can afford."

Samuel Johnson, 1777.

"London is the most interesting beautiful and wonderful city in the world to me".

H.G. Wells, 1911.

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1. Read the text and be ready to discuss it. Study the new vocabulary to do the following tasks and exercises. Translate the text into Ukrainian.

INTRODUCING LONDON

London is an ancient city. It grew up around the first point where the Roman invaders found the Thames narrow enough to build a bridge. They found a small Celtic settlement then known as Londinium and by A. D.1 300 they had turned it into a sizeable port and an important trading centre with a wall which enclosed the homes of about 50,000 people.

One in seven of the population of the United Kingdom is a Londoner. About 7 million people live in Greater London.2 London dominates British life. It is the home of the nation's commerce and finance, the main centre of its legal system and the press. It has the largest university and the greatest possibilities for entertainment and for sport in the country. London is one of the famous capital cities of the world, and every year attracts crowds of visitors from home and abroad. They come to explore its historic buildings, to see its museums and galleries, its streets and parks, and its people.

The built-up area of Greater London stretches 50 kilometres from east to west and many of its districts are linked with particular activities, for example, parliamentary and government activity centres on Parliament Square of Westminster and Whitehall. Just as "Westminster" stands for Parliament so "Whitehall" is often used as the name for central Government.

Off Whitehall in a small side-street Downing Street — is a quiet, unimpressive house — No. 10 — the official home of Prime Minister.

Just as Wall Street in New York is the centre of commerce and finance so the City of London, sometimes called "the square mile"3 is the centre for money matters. Here in Threadneedle Street is the Bank of England — sometimes called "The Old Lady of Threadneedle Street" — the central banking institution whose pound4 notes form the main currency in the country. Fleet Street near St. Paul's Cathedral used to be a busy street full of foreign, provincial and London newspaper offices such as The Daily Express, The Daily Telegraph.5

Though most of the British national newspaper offices have moved to Wapping, an area in East London, the name of Fleet Street is still used to describe the newspaper industry.

In South Kensington there are several large museums. The Victoria and Albert

1A. D. = Anno Domini (Lat.): in the year of the Lord, new era ['isre].

2Greater London includes the suburbs of the city all of which are connected with the centre of London and with each other by underground railway lines.

3mile: a measure of length, 1609 metres. English measures of length (yard — 91 cm, foot — 30 cm, inch — 2.5 cm), weight (stone

— 6 kg, pound — 454 g, ounce — 31 g), liquids (gallon — 3.79 lit, pint — 0.57 lit) are not based on the decimal system.

4pound: a monetary unit circulating in Great Britain. Up to 1971 English money with its pennies, shillings and pounds was not based on the decimal system either: 12 pence for a shilling, 20 shillings for a pound, 21 shillings for a guinea, the latter got its name from the first coin struck from gold on the coast of Guinea. In 1971 Britain changed over to, decimal currency system — 100 new

pence to the pound (£). New coins (or pieces) were introduced: the 1/2 p., 2 p., 5 p., 10 p., 20 p. and 50 p. coins.

5 The Daily Express: a "popular" paper for those who prefer entertainment to information. It is largely filled with sporting news,

accounts of crime, advertisements (ads.), gossip of little worth (about private life of society people, film stars, etc.) and strip cartoons. Other popular papers are The Sun, The Daily Mirror, The Daily Mail. This kind of newspapers is called the tabloids.

The Daily Telegraph: a daily London newspaper of conservative orientation. It is a "quality" paper for educated readers who are interested in important domestic and foreign news. Other quality papers are The Observer, The Guardian, The Times and The Independent.

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Museum with a magnificent collection of fine and applied arts also includes a wideranging display of ceramics, metalwork and a selection of Constable's6 masterpieces which are well worth seeing. The Natural History Museum contains plants, animals and minerals. The Hall of Human Biology enables visitors to learn about their bodies and the way they work. Exhibits in the Science Museum display the discovery and development of such inventions as the steam engine, photography, glass-making, printing and atomic physics. The Museum of London in the City presents the biography of London, from the founding of London by Romans to the Greater London of today. Within a sguare kilometre or so in London's theatre-land are over thirty theatres, showing a large range of old and modem plays. Smaller "fringe" theatres7 perform in clubs, pubs and at lunch time.

London is full of parks and green spaces. Hyde Park, originally a royal hunting forest, is the largest park in London. In summer the Serpentine canal which flows through the park is always full of swimmers, rowers and sunbathers. Just south of the Serpentine is Rotten Row, a fashionable spot for horse-riding, and in one corner, near Marble Arch, is Speakers' Comer, where everyone can go and air their views to anyone who will listen. Beyond Hyde Park lies another royal park, Kensington Gardens. Children gather by the statue of Peter Pan, James Barrie's8 well-known storybook character, or sail their model boats on the Round Pond. In the north of London is Regent's Park with a zoo and an open-air theatre. A trip along Regent's Canal in a riverboat gives a chance to see London Little Venice, a quiet countryside area for rich people only as the land here is very expensive.

Like many capital cities, London grew up along a major river. The Thames divides London sharply in two. Most of central London is on the north bank of the river. The Thames at London is tidal and there have been several serious floods. The risk of this is increasing as southern England is sinking in relation to sea level. Threat of disaster, however, has been lessened by the construction of a flood barrier.

It is always interesting for tourists to take a trip along the Thames in a boat as it gives a striking panorama of London. The best way to see the city quickly is from the top of London red double-decker buses. Special tourist buses go on two-hour circular tours. The other quick and easy way of getting around London is by "tube" — the Underground railway. During the "rash hours", when office workers hurry to and from work, the tube train doors can hardly close behind the crushed crowds.

London is an ancient city. But it is also a living city and like all living cities it is constantly developing.

Comprehension Check

2. Decide the statements as true or false.

1. London grew up around the point where the Roman invaders found the Thames narrow enough to build a settlement.

6Constable, John (1776-1837): a famous English painter.

7a "fringe" theatre stages experimental theatrical plays performed by amateurs.

8Barrie, James M. (1860-1937): a Scottish novelist. Peter Pan — a fairy-tale boy who refused to grow up preferring to lead children into his magic "Never-Never Land" where they fought pirates.

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2.By A. D. 300 the settlement had turned into a small local port.

3.The population of Greater London is about 7 mln people.

4.London is the home of finance, large legal institutions and the press.

5.Just as "Whitehall" stands for Parliament so "Westminster" is often used as the name for central Government.

6.The Bank of England, sometimes called "the square mile", is the central banking institution of the country.

7.Threadneedle Street used to be a busy street full of foreign, provincial and London newspaper offices.

8.Nowadays the name of Fleet Street is widely used to describe the newspaper industry.

9.The exhibits in the Natural History Museum display the discovery and development of such inventions as the steam engine, photography and glass-making.

10.The Museum of London in the City presents a selection of Constable's9 masterpieces which are well worth seeing.

11.Rotten Row, originally a royal hunting forest, is the largest park in London.

12.Kensington Gardens, another royal park, houses the statue of Peter Pan, James Barrie's well-known storybook character.

13.The zoo in Hyde Park attracts crowds of children every weekend.

14.The Thames being tidal there have been several serious floods in the area.

15.The easiest way to see the city quickly is getting around London by “tube”, the Underground railway.

Language Focus

4. Match the words with the definitions

1. settlement a. an organization founded for a religious, educational, professional, or social purpose.

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1. В той час як Вестмінстер часто позначає парламент Великої Британії, під Сіті розуміють її фінансовий центр. 2. В той час як під гуманітарними науками розуміють історію, літературу, іноземні мови, під природничими мають на увазі фізику, хімію, біологію.

9. Render into English.

Гайд-парк – королівський парк, розташований в самому серці Лондона, є найбільшим та найвідомішим парком столиці. До XVI століття це були володіння Вестмінстерського абатства, проте в 1536 році король Генріх VIII вилучив їх до державних володінь та організував королівські мисливські угіддя. За декілька років парк ств відкритим для відвідувачів. Свою назву

він отримав на честь давньої одиниці вимірювання площі.

Парк відомий низкою цікавих місць. Так, у 1970 році тут відкрилася художня галерея – галерея Серпентайн, яка знайомить відвідувачів з мистецтвом XX–XXI століть. В 1815 році в Гайд-парку відбувся історичний парад, присвячений перемозі Веллінгтона над Наполеоном. Про цю подію нагадують музей та арка Велінгтона, а також встановлена у 1822 році статуя Ахіллеса скульптора Річарда Вестмакотта. Це було перше в британській столиці скульптурне зображення оголеної людини.

На території парку розташоване Кладовище тварин, започатковане герцогом Кембріджським після смерті улюбленців його дружини. Воно містить близько 300 надгробків домашніх улюбленців, і відкривається для публіки лише раз на рік.

Королева Вікторія обрала Гайд-парк місцем проведення першох в історії всесвітньої виставки 1851 року, для якої в парку відбудували «нове диво світу» - Кришталевий палац, але він не зберігся.

На території прокладені спеціальні доріжки для велосипедистів, тут модна грати в футбол чи волейбол, їздити верхи по Роттен Роу – відомій доріжці для їзди на конях.

На сьогодні Гайд-парк – улюблене місце відпочинку мешканців та гостей Лондону. Трав’яними газонами дозволено ходити, старі дерева створюють затишні тінисті алеї, під покровом яких відпочиваючі ховаються у літню спеку. Тут часто проходять різноманітні концерти, виступи, офіційні паради та виставки. Збройовий салют проводиться в дні державних свят Королівськими кінними артилеристами о 12 годині, їм з Тауера відповідають залпом о 13. Біля старовинної будівлі Королівської Кінної гвардії розташований парний кінний патруль в традиційній формі.

Гайд-парк, зелений оазис в центрі Лондона, впродовж року відкритий з 5.00 до 24.00, вхід безкоштовний.

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HISTORY OF LONDON

Discuss these questions in pairs:

How old is London?

Who built London?

What does London's name mean?

10.Read the text about the history of London; make sure you study the language of the text to be competent in further exercises and discussions.

London is the capital of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern

Ireland. London traces its history back nearly 2,000 years. London is one of the largest cities in the world, with about 7 million people.

London began about A.D. 43, when armies of the Roman Empire started to conquer Britain. The Romans built a seaport on the Thames /Dark/ near present-day London Bridge. The Romans called the port Londinium /from Celtic "londin" - wild, bold/.

By the 200's, the Romans had built a wall around London, which formed London's boundaries for hundreds of years. In 410 the Roman troops in Britain were called home. The native Britons who had moved to London kept the settlement alive as a trading center.

After the Romans left, seafaring Germanic tribes repeatedly attacked London. The two powerful tribes, the Angles and Saxons, divided England into separate kingdoms. The Saxons controlled London. The Saxon king Edward the Confessor built a palace and rebuilt a church about two miles southwest of London. It became the start of the City of Westminster. The church became Westminster Abbey.

In 1066, William the Conqueror was crowned king in Westminster Abbey. William granted Londoners self -government. He built a castle, called the White Tower, to impress them with his authority and power. The White tower today forms the central part of the Tower of London.

About 1100, work began on Old St. Paul's Cathedral to replace a church destroyed by fire. It was finished 200 years later.

In 1209, London Bridge became the first stone bridge across the Thames. It replaced a wooden bridge of Roman times.

London's craft and trade guilds began to develop. Guild members elected London's first mayor in the 1190's. London had about 50,000 people and its mayor was now called the Lord Mayor.

London grew rapidly. Under King Henry VIII nobles built estates outside London's walls. The West End thus began to develop. The king owned six palaces in the London area, including the Palace of Westminster. In 1547 Henry VIII died, the palace of Westminster became the meeting place of Parliament.

London developed into a world-trading center under Queen Elizabeth I. The Royal Stock Exchange was completed in 1571. England's first theaters opened in London's suburbs. The theatres attracted such noisy crowds that they were prohibited inside London's walls. One of the most popular theaters was the Globe, across London Bridge. William Shakespeare began to present his plays at the Globe about 1599.

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