Англ(2курс, 2 семестр)
.pdf59. Answer the questions.
1.What features are characteristic of the world today?
2.What is necessary for the country to integrate into the global processes characteristic to the world today as a full-fledged member?
3.What determines the today status of Ukraine?
4.What can make Ukraine a prosperous country?
5.What is the strategic objective of Ukraine?
6.What factors presupposed the market transformations in Ukraine?
7.What problems did Ukraine face at the initial stages of the market transformations?
8.What are Ukraine’s prerequisites for development?
9.What natural changes can put obstacles for the country in her movement to a developed civilized state? What problems should Ukraine solve?
10.What are Ukraine’s possibilities on the way for future cooperation with other countries of the world?
60. Complete the sentences.
1.The main feature of the processes taking place today is ……. .
2.The geopolitical situation of Ukraine, its natural conditions ……. .
3.Science is the major factor in economic development, it ensures ……. .
4.Ukraine’s joining the European and the world integration processes is …….. .
5.In Ukraine there are considerable deposits of ……. .
6.Therefore, the strategic objective of Ukraine is …….. .
7.The course aimed at the innovation development is based on ……. .
8.In some basic fields, such as material science, theoretical physics Ukraine …. .
9.The process of market transformations which had not been adequately studied resulted in ……. .
10.The immense sums were spent on ……. .
11.First of all, Ukraine is concerned with such problems ……. .
12.Sorting out this problem requires the efforts of the entire community and ……..
13.Ukraine having considerable scientific and technological potential ……. .
14.Ukraine has unique prerequisites for ……. .
15.Climatic warming results in ………
16.The chain of hydropower plants on the Dnipro has caused changers in ……. .
17.Ukraine having considerable scientific ……. can propose ……. to the international community.
Vocabulary Focus
61. Explain the meaning of the following words and word combinations in English working in pairs. Use them in your own sentences.
1. global integration |
10. contamination |
2. social well-being |
11. deviation |
3. implementation |
12. collaboration |
4. to take into account |
13. unjustified felling |
191
5. to a considerable extent |
14. wastes processing |
6. power engineering |
15. bio-compatible materials |
7. utilization |
16. power generating |
8. joint efforts |
17. power-saving technologies |
9. a sharp decrease |
18. consequences |
62. Translate into English.
Глобальний; навколишнє середовище; соціальний добробут; головний фактор; забезпечувати; послідовний; впровадження; характерні риси; геополітичні реалії; давати поштовх; бути зайнятим/залученим; очевидно; процвітаючий; ефективне використання; тісне співробітництво; передумова; родюча земля; ліквідація наслідків; великі суми грошей; енергетика; закупівля; порушення балансу; передові технології; очищення води; законодавча та правова підтримка.
63. Match the synonyms. |
|
1. to ensure |
a. reserves |
2. implementation |
b. to be drawn into/involved |
3. to take into account |
c. to consider |
4. impetus |
d. to forecast |
5. processing |
e. to secure |
6. deposits |
f. more recent |
7. to be engaged in |
g. to be evident |
8. to be obvious |
h. introduction |
9. utilization |
i. treatment |
10.to foresee |
j. in compliance with |
11.updating |
k. use/application |
12.corresponding |
l. incentive |
64. Complete the sentences filling in the vocabulary in the box.
globalization implementation forecast deposits competitiveness finding consequences second rate procurement prerequisite mankind prevention significance contamination slogan
1.Application of principally new technologies enhanced the company’s …
2.The …. of the company’s annual sales turned out to be correct.
3.The ….. should save no efforts to eliminate the consequences of global catastrophes.
4.Under the existing conditions of ….. of the economy, the geopolitical realities are of great importance.
5.Possessing considerable ….. of mineral resources Ukraine has all the possibilities to become a country with a highly developed industry.
6.….. of peace policy is the major requirement for joining the European Union.
7.The so-called ….. “The market will sort out the problems” turned out to be mistaken.
192
8.…. of regional and global catastrophes is among the tasks of first importance.
9.….. of lakes and rivers made water undrinkable.
10.The products which were purchased abroad proved to be ….. .
11.A reasonable proficiency in foreign languages is a ….. for his position.
12.The book assesses the ….. of the government policy in the period of economical reconstruction.
13.He was responsible for ….. of raw materials.
14.The chain of hydropower plants causes ….. in the climate of Ukraine.
15.Scientists are facing the problem of ….. principally new technological solutions.
65. Find the appropriate match for the words on the right to make phrases.
1. process |
a. construction |
2. fertile |
b. support |
3. consistent |
c. purification |
4. structural |
d. of lands |
5. technological |
e. science |
6. material |
f. updating |
7. legal |
g. of the global integration |
8. gross production |
h. implementation |
9. unique |
i. prerequisites |
10.problems |
j. soil |
11.nuclear |
k. reconstruction |
12.dike |
l. fuel |
13.water |
m. of contamination |
14.restoration |
n. output |
66. Choose the right word to complete the sentence.
1. More than half of the population of Ukraine is ……. in the sphere of servicing.
|
a) attracted |
b) engaged c) invited |
d) invested |
||
2. |
Ukraine has rich ……. of iron ore. |
|
|
|
|
|
a) sources |
b) belongings |
c) deposits |
|
d) possessions |
3. |
We must consider the best ways of ……. of agricultural wastes. |
||||
|
a) utilization |
b) ensuring |
c) transformation |
d) organization |
|
4. |
One of the main tasks was to advance ……. skills of the personnel. |
||||
|
a) powerful |
b) managerial |
c) working |
|
d) educational |
5. |
A reasonable proficiency in English is a ……. for the course. |
||||
|
a) procurement |
b) prerequisite |
c) prescription |
d) consequence |
|
6. |
The ……. of cars has grown up by 30 per cent this year. |
|
|||
|
a) reduction |
b) forecast |
c) output |
|
d) decrease |
7. |
……. of laws of nature can cause catastrophes. |
|
|
||
|
a) destruction |
b) violation |
c) involvement |
d) resolution |
|
8. |
Enterprises damaging the environment should be ……. of the operation. |
||||
|
a) put out |
b) put away c) put back |
d) put down |
||
9. |
People were shocked by the ……. price increase. |
|
|
||
|
a) unproductive |
b) eliminated |
c) unjustified |
d) reduced |
|
193
10. The company is building a big trading centre in ……. with one of the leading
construction firms. |
|
|
|
a) communication |
b) notification |
c) collaboration |
d) collocation |
11. That information is not in our ……. . |
|
|
|
a) operation |
b) possession |
c) occupation |
d) formation |
67.Spelling checker. Complete the words with the missing letters. fert-le, metall-rgy, pro-essing, effic-ent, -nsure, ade-uately, ar-ble, f-lling, c-tastrop-es, d-ke, coll-boration, l-gal, -spect.
68.Explain the contextual meaning of the words in bold and translate the
sentences into Ukrainian.
1.This plan will ensure the fulfillment of the project.
2.Deputies try to ensure that people will soon see how the program works.
3.We have decided to implement the committee’s recommendations in full.
4.The implementation of the new initiatives will serve for improvement of the international situation.
5.He put aside the implements when he finished his work.
6.We must decide how best to utilize the resources we have.
7.The question of utilization of the land resources is being under consideration.
8.He was responsible for procuring raw materials for production processes.
9.The procurement of raw materials from abroad has been approved.
10.He has been appointed as a procurer.
11.She paid for her purchases and left.
12.I have a receipt to prove my purchase.
13.The purchasing power of the currency is said to have halved.
14.The purchase price of fuel keeps going up.
15.Environmentallists demand that the government should take a decision to eliminate the consumption of nuclear power in this region.
16.In ancient times kings resorted to eliminate their rivals.
17.The police took a decision not to eliminate the suspect from his enquiries being sure that he had committed the crime.
18.The elimination of lead in petrol will improve its quality.
19.He was discharged from his work for being not enough competent.
20.The discharge of toxic wastes into the sea contaminates the water.
21.The discharge of the new rules and responsibilities could not be passed unnoticed by the employees.
69. Translate into English.
1.За існуючих умов глобалізації економіки наука стає головним фактором структурної перебудови народного господарства.
2.Приєднання України до міжнародних інтеграційних процесів не можливе без урахування геополітичних реалій, які в значній мірі визначають сьогоднішній статус української економіки.
194
3.В Україні існують значні поклади залізної руди, кам’яного вугілля, марганцю, титану, фосфатів. Це дає поштовх до розвитку таких галузей промисловості як металургія, машинобудування, енергетика, авіація, сільське господарство та харчова промисловість.
4.Очевидно, що Україна могла б стати процвітаючою країною за умовu ефективного і повного використання земельних ресурсів, які вона має.
5.Ринкові процеси не були відповідно вивчені, що дало такі негативні наслідки як різке падіння виробництва, зниження рівня дослідницької діяльності.
6.Значні кошти витрачалися на придбання та закупівлю різних західних товарів, серед яких обладнання, яке не було сучасним й конкурентноспроможним.
7.Україна має унікальні передумови для розвитку сучасної цивілізованої держави.
8.Глобальні природні зміни, руйнівний вплив людини на навколишнє середовище вимагають від людства поєднання всіх зусиль для того, щоб ліквідувати наслідки.
9.Вирішення проблем забруднення морів та річок, зниження кількості відходів, які попадають в водне середовище, розробка передових технологій очищення води та переробки відходів позбавить країну від негативного впливу на природу.
Speaking
70. Work in pairs. Use the following words and phrases to speak in turns about the economic situation in Ukraine.
Global integration; existing conditions; consistent implementation; to take into account; deposits; a prosperous country; utilization; structural reconstruction;
to procure; prerequisites; mineral resources; to unite efforts; consequences; violation; purification.
Writing
71. Write an essay “What would I do for my country if I were President of Ukraine” (150 words). Use active vocabulary of the topic.
Do the quiz to check your knowledge of the material which was learned about Ukraine.
1.What traits of Ukrainian people do you know?
2.What do you know about traditions and customs in Ukraine?
3.What country is Ukraine politically?
4.What is the government structure of the state?
5.When was the Constitution of Ukraine adopted?
6.What event challenged the adoption of the Constitution?
7.What does the Constitution state, assert and establish?
8.What natural mineral resources are there in Ukraine?
9.What do you know about the tasks of the government for Ukraine to be a welldeveloped industrial country?
195
10.What is necessary to do to improve the level of life of the people?
11.What problems should Ukrainian people solve?
12.In what spheres can Ukraine cooperate with the international community?
13.What are the prerequisites of the country to be successful in the processes of the country’s reconstruction?
14.What do you know about the regions of Ukraine?
15.What corner of the country is the most attractive for you? Why?
16.What is the origin of the name “Ukrainians”?
17.What is meant under the notion “dual faith”?
18.What changes in the minds of people have been brought with the introduction of Christianity?
19.What can Ukrainians be proud of?
Grammar Focus
72. Decide upon the type of the predicates in the following sentences. Translate them into Ukrainian.
1.Your composition was poorly organized, you must do it over.
2.We have a great deal of confidence in our legal system.
3.Weather is one of the most popular topics in Great Britain.
4.People may express a one-sided view on religion.
5.They are willing to respect the opinions of other people.
6.History has a great influence on the nation.
7.One of the characteristics that is attributed to the Ukrainians is their hospitality.
10.People needn’t be indifferent to each other.
11.Ukrainians are very good at cooking and cleaning.
12.Ukrainians don’t like their authorities. They don’t trust them much.
13.The state mechanism of power should start functioning.
14.Women began facing some discrimination in jobs promotion.
73. Define the type of simple sentences. Decide whether they are two-member or one-member sentences.
1.Ukrainians have always been very hospitable people.
2.Have you ever been to a Ukrainian village?
3.You know that Hutsul dresses are multi – colored, don’t you?
4.Get acquainted with Ukrainian national culture.
5.What an emotion!
6.How wonderful that dancing is!
7.Handicraft.
8.They adorn tablecloths.
9.To see that ritual dancing, to hear that folk music, but not now.
10.- What are you watching?
-Celebration.
11.Let us not tempt the fate!
12.Do you agree or want to contradict?
196
74. Define the types of the subordinate clauses.
1.When one starts talking about history, one often wonders which starting point to choose.
2.He writes about the savage tribes which managed to occupy huge territories.
3.The idea is that the considerable scientific and technological potential can be used for this purpose.
4.Though he studied all the local conditions, his trip was not that easy at all.
5.Wherever you may travel in Ukraine, you will always meet friendly and hospitable people.
6.He stood silent for a while as if he gaped in admiration looking at the beautiful scenery.
7.They decided not to introduce restrictions so that foreign citizens could have possibilities to start business ventures here.
8.The landscape in front of us was so beautiful that we could not break the silence being impressed by the view.
9.Why this place has become a true gem on the Black sea coast is not a mystery.
10.Because all cities, towns and villages are connected to be a wide net of highways, you can travel by car.
197
GREAT BRITAIN
198
Lead-in
1. Great Britain, Albion, Britannica, Britannia – all these names are given to one country – the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Almost everyone studying English wants to visit it at least once in their life. What is the reason for this country to be so well-known all over the world? What do you know about it? What do you associate this country with? Would you like to visit it? Why/Why not?
Match the two columns
Great Britain
Britannia
Albion
The Commonwealth
County
Region
District
Home Counties
Originally the lands of a count or an earl. Now one of the chief administra¬tive divisions in England and Wales. In 1974 some counties were grouped together and renamed. Now there are 7 metropolitan counties, including Greater London, and 47 non-metropolitan counties in England and Wales. A metropolitan county includes a big city (metropolis).
A poetic name for Britain; comes from the ancient name of Britain, espe¬cially England. The Romans associated the term with albus ("white"), and identified it with the Dover chalk cliffs.
The name was first used in 1603 when James VI of Scotland became also James I of England.
In ancient geography (after the time of Caesar), the name of the island of Great Britain, and especially of the southern part of the island; a poetic name for Great Britain; a female personification of Great Britain.
The name given to the counties near London: Kent, Surrey, Essex, and occasionally Hertfordshire and East and West Sussex.
One of the chief administrative divisions in Northern Ireland where there are 26 districts.
Any of large areas of the United Kingdom; one of the chief administrative divisions in Scotland. Since 1975 the old Scottish counties have been reor¬ganized into 9 regions and 3 island areas with some alternation of the old boundaries.
What once used to be the British Empire is now known as the Commonwealth. It includes many countries such as Burma, the Sudan, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and others. These countries are "associat¬ed" under the British Crown with the British Queen nominally proclaimed their head of State, and represented there by governor-general.
199
Answer the questions.
1.When was the name "Great Britain" first used?
2.What is a female personification of Great Britain?
3.What is a poetic name for Great Britain?
4.What countries are "associated" under the British Crown?
5.How many metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are there in Great Britain?
6.How many administrative divisions are there in Scotland and Wales?
Comment on the following quotation.
There is nothing so bad or so good that you will not find Englishman doing it; but you will never find an Englishman in the wrong. He does everything on principle. He fights you on patriotic principles, he robs you on business principle, he enslaves you on imperial principle.
Bernard Shaw
Literature Corner
2. Read the text below taken from “Thursday's Child” by E. Kitt, describing a visit to the most famous parts of Britain during World War II.
A Wartime Visit to England
We got off the boat at Southampton with the feeling of Alice in Wonderland. We stood alongside watching the boat unload for a while before claiming our belongings at Customs, where they made us open up everything before passing through.
When we got to London proper by train, we were met by a gentleman who was to see that we were properly situated. Like a company manager, he had made reservations in private homes as hotels were too expensive.
None of us was satisfied, but we did not know how to find anything else.
Julie had the name of a restaurant that served excellent food. She asked me if I would go with her to have dinner in this restaurant. As luck would have it, Julie asked the owner if he knew of an empty apartment. Much to our surprise, after a phone call, he found one that we could move into the following day. It was at 10 Manchester Square, in a beautiful neighbourhood: two bedrooms, a living room with fireplace, a bath large enough for a double bed to fit in, a kitchen, and a telephone. It was expensive. I was only making ninety-five dollars a week.
Julie and I had lots of fun housekeeping. I would cook the dinners, she the breakfasts, and we both did the dishes. We were very happy in our little adobe.
I would remember the time when Julie and I went to the Tower of London to see the old castle where the guards are dressed in sixteenth-century costumes, and when we walked across London Bridge. I had the feeling that any minute the bridge was going to topple. "London Bridge is falling down, falling down, falling down, London Bridge is falling down, my fair lady."
When we went through Jack the Ripper's playing grounds, I felt his presence everywhere. Any second he would dart out of a house and grab some damsel by the neck and rip. It was really weird if you went through there at night. When I saw Scotland Yard I expected Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson to walk through the gates. We lived and breathed by Big Ben, the clock everyone looked up to. He never made a mistake. The British could always depend on him, and time was one thing the English
200