- •1.Лексический модуль
- •2.Грамматический модуль
- •3. Тесты
- •Working with words
- •Working with word combinations and sentences
- •8. Rewrite these scrambled sentences putting the words in
- •9. Translate from Russian into English.
- •Working with texts
- •10. Read and translate the text.
- •Systematics
- •Light from Life
- •14. Text for translation into English. Text 4 Система живого мира
- •Speaking and writing
- •15.Make a report about any plant or animal, giving its classification.
- •16.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150-250 words).
- •1. Word building.
- •2. Make word combinations using the following words.
- •3. Match a word in a to its definition in b.
- •4. Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
- •5. Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •6. Match the beginnings and the endings of the sentences.
- •7. Read and translate the text.
- •8. Match a title to the paragraph.
- •9. Answer the questions to Text 1.
- •10. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •11. Text for translation into English.
- •12.Make a report about any bacterium you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention
- •13.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150-250 words).
- •1.Word building.
- •2.Match a word in a to its definition in b.
- •3.Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
- •4.Translate these word combinations.
- •5.Find out the difference between synonyms and write sentences, illustrating it.
- •7.Translate from Russian into English.
- •8. Read and translate the text.
- •9. Match a title to the paragraph.
- •10. Using information from the text,
- •11. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •12. Text for translation into English.
- •13. Make a report about any amphibian you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention amphibian`s
- •14.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150 -250 words).
- •1.Write antonyms for the following words.
- •2.Write synonyms for the following words.
- •3.Match a word in a to its definition in b.
- •4.Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
- •5.Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •6.Match the beginnings and endings of the sentences.
- •7. Read and translate the text.
- •Insects
- •8.Look at the picture and, using information from Text1, label parts of the insect.
- •9. Match a title to the paragraph.
- •10. Answer the questions to Text 1.
- •11. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •12. Text for translation into English.
- •13.Make a report about any insect you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention insect`s
- •14.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find additional information and write an essay (150-250 words).
- •1.Look at the picture and label parts of the fish.
- •2.Word building.
- •3.Give opposite meaning to the words from the box and insert them in the sentences of your own.
- •4.Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
- •5.Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •6.Match a word in a to its definition in b. Write your own sentences with these words.
- •7. Match the beginnings and endings of the sentences.
- •8. Look at the pictures. What adaptations do these fishes have? Why?
- •9. Read and translate the text.
- •10. Answer these questions to Text 1.
- •11. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •12. Text for translation into English.
- •13.Make a report about any fish you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention fish`s
- •14.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150 - 250 words).
- •1.Word building.
- •2.Match an animal to a suitable group name.
- •3.Match a word in a to its definition in b.
- •4. Look at the picture and label parts of the bird.
- •5.Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
- •6.Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •7.Match a title and a paragraph.
- •8. Read and translate the text.
- •9. Match a title and a paragraph.
- •11. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •12. Text for translation into English.
- •13.Make a report about any bird you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention bird`s
- •14.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150 - 250 words).
- •1. Word building.
- •7. Separate parts of an animal from bear`s food.
- •8. Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •9. If someone behaves a people say they are b.
- •10. Translate from Russian into English.
- •11. Read and translate the text.
- •12. Find key sentences in each paragraph.
- •13. Write a title to each paragraph.
- •14. Answer the questions to Text 1.
- •15. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •16. Text for translation into English.
- •17.Make a report about any mammal you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention mammal`s
- •18.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150-250 words).
- •1.Word building.
- •6.Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •7.Match the beginning and the ending of the sentences.
- •8.Match a part of eye structure to its definition and its context.
- •9.Read and translate the text.
- •Invertebrates
- •10.Give a title to each paragraph.
- •11.Answer these questions to Text 1.
- •12. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •13. Text for translation into English.
- •14.Make a report about any invertebrate you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention invertebrate`s
- •15.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150 - 250 words).
- •1.Write another word with a similar meaning.
- •6.Label parts of the flower.
- •7.Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •8.Translate into English.
- •9.Guess the meaning of the words from the context.
- •10. Read and translate the text.
- •11. Give a title to each paragraph.
- •12. Pair work. Ask and answer 6 questions to Text 1.
- •13. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •Venus Flytrap
- •14. Text for translation into English.
- •15.Make a report about any plant you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention plant`s
- •16.Choose any of the following ideas ( or propose your own), find information and write an essay ( 150-250 words).
- •1.Form nouns and adjectives from the verbs given. Pay attention to the suffixes.
- •2.Match definition in a to the word in b.
- •3. Look at the picture and label parts of the mushroom.
- •4.Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
- •5.Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •6.Read definitions and write names of the mushroom`s parts.
- •7. Explain the concepts given in your own words.
- •8. Read and translate the text.
- •9. Find key sentences in each paragraph.
- •10. Match a title with the passage.
- •11. Pair work. Ask and answer 6 questions to the Text 1.
- •12. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •13. Text for translation into English.
- •14.Make a report about any fungus you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention fungus`s
- •15.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150-250 words).
- •1.Word building.
- •2.Match a word in a to its definition in b.
- •3.Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
- •4.Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •5.We know that scientific ideas could be :
- •6.Translate into English.
- •7. Read and translate the text.
- •Ideas about evolution
- •8. Pair work. Ask and answer 6 questions to Text 1.
- •9. Summarize the information from the text about one of the concepts and add some additional data.
- •10. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •11. Text for translation into English.
- •12.Make a report about any scientist you find interesting. There are several famous scientists mentioned in the article.
- •13.Writing
- •1.Use prefixes and form the new words.
- •2.Define the following words.
- •3.Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
- •4.Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •5.Make sure that you understand these verbs with prepositions and write sentences, incorporating them.
- •6. Translate from Russian into English.
- •7.Read and translate the text.
- •8.Give definitions to the following concepts from Text1.
- •9.Answer the questions to Text 1.
- •10. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •11. Text for translation into English.
- •12.Make a report about any ecosystem you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention ecosystem`s
- •13.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150-250 words).
- •1.Match a and b to make word combinations.
- •2.Word building.
- •3.Explain the following words.
- •4.Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
- •5.Give English equivalents to the following word combination.
- •6.Define the following concepts.
- •7.Make sure that you understand these verbs with prepositions and write sentences, incorporating them.
- •8.Translate into English.
- •9. Read and translate the text.
- •10. Pair work. Ask and answer 6 questions to Text 1.
- •11. Find key sentences in each paragraph and give paragraphs appropriate titles.
- •12. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •13. Text for translation into English.
- •14 Make a report about any problem, connected with extinction, you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention
- •15.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150-250 words).
- •8. Read and translate the text.
- •9. Match a title to the part of the text.
- •10. Pair work. Ask and answer 6 questions to the Text 1.
- •11. Read the texts using dictionary.
- •12. Text for translation into English.
- •13.Make a report about any particular case of adaptation you find interesting and unusual.
- •14.Choose any of the following ideas (or propose your own), find information and write an essay (150-250 words).
- •1.Write synonyms to the following words.
- •2.Match a word in a to its definition in b.
- •3.Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
- •4.Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.
- •5.Define the words in English and insert them in the sentences of your own.
- •6.Translate into English.
- •7.Explain in your own words these concepts.
- •8. Read and translate the text.
- •9. Match a title with the paragraph.
- •10. Pair work. Ask and answer 6 questions to Text 1.
- •11. Read the texts using your dictionary.
- •12. Text for translation into English.
- •13.Make a report about any endangered animal you find interesting and unusual. Write a plan first and do not forget to mention animal`s
- •14.Choose any of the following ideas ( or propose your own), find information and write an essay ( 150 – 250 words).
- •Infinitive/Gerund
- •It is… that (which, who).
- •Insert linking words from the box into the following sentences.
- •Insert linking words into the following texts.
- •1. Complete the table with singular and plural forms of nouns.
- •2. Match the adjectives with the nouns to construct word combinations. Use three of these word combinations in your own sentences.
- •3. Choose the correct word to complete the text. Be attentive! There are two odd words.
- •4. Give terms corresponding to the following definitions.
- •5. Explain the following terms.
- •6. Translate from Russian into English.
- •1. Complete the table with singular and plural forms of nouns.
- •2. Form adjectives from the following nouns. Sometimes more than one adjective can be formed. Use three of the received words in your own sentences.
- •3. Choose the correct word to complete the text.
- •4. Give terms corresponding to the following definitions.
- •5. Label parts of the fish.
- •6. Explain the following terms.
- •7. Translate from Russian into English.
- •1. Complete the word combinations with prepositions. Use three of the received word combinations in your own sentences.
- •2. Match the adjectives with the nouns to construct word combinations. Use three of these word combinations in your own sentences.
- •3. Choose the correct word to complete the text.
- •4. Give terms corresponding to the following definitions.
- •5. Describe any plant.
- •6. Translate from Russian into English.
- •1. Using different prefixes and suffixes create new words.
- •2. Match the verbs with the nouns to construct word combinations. Use three of these word combinations in your own sentences.
- •3. Choose the correct word to complete the text.
- •4. Explain the relationship between the following words.
- •5. Describe any ecosystem.
- •6. Translate from Russian into English.
- •1. Write synonyms and antonyms to the following words.
- •2. Make questions out of the words. Then answer them.
- •4. Explain the relationship between the following words.
- •5. Give terms corresponding to the following definitions.
- •6. Translate from Russian into English.
- •1.Put the verbs in brackets into Present, Past, Future Simple; Past Continuous or Present Perfect Passive Tense.
- •1.Future forms
- •2.Articles
- •3.Countable and uncountable nouns
- •1.Degrees of comparison
- •2.Conditionals
- •1.Modals
- •2.Emphasis
- •3.Passive
- •1.Sequence of Tenses
- •2.Reported Speech
- •3.Linking words
13. Text for translation into English.
Text 4
Плесень
Микроскопические споры плесени находятся повсюду: в воздухе, домах, они легко проникают в организм человека, вызывая микозы и аллергии, а в случае ослабленного иммунитета - смерть. Российские ученые установили, что в городском воздухе содержание опасных плесеней превышают предельно допустимую концентрацию в несколько раз. Исследователи из французского института Пастера бьют тревогу: в последние годы от аспергиллеза – болезни, вызванной плесенью рода Аспергилус – только в Париже умерло в два раза больше людей, чем от птичьего гриппа во всем мире.
В 2003 году под саркофагом Чернобыльской АЭС были обнаружены скопления черной плесени, которая питается радиацией. Она способна выжить даже в открытом космосе. И если произойдет глобальная катастрофа, и жизнь на Земле исчезнет, плесень выживет.
Американские иммунологи обнаружили в организме человека первичную иммунную систему, которую формируют особые формы плесневых микрогрибов. Они реагируют на состояние среды организма, которая зависит от наших эмоций. Страх, ненависть, злоба, уныние вызывают патологическое перерождение микрогрибов, что приводит к таким болезням как туберкулез и рак.
Но именно плесени человечество обязано получением пенициллина – лекарства, которое спасло миллионы жизней.
Плесень – это грибы, представители совершенно отдельного и огромного царства, которое в сравнении с животными и растениями еще очень плохо изучено.
Когда исследовали обыкновенный опенок высотой около трех сантиметров., выяснилось, что его мицелий распространился на несколько гектаров, при этом его вес составил 10 тонн, а возраст – около 1 500 лет. То есть этот опенок является самым большим и старым организмом на Земле.
Чтобы столкнуться с разновидностями черного грибка (знаменитого "Проклятия Тутанхамона"), нет необходимости копаться в древних египетских гробницах. Достаточно иной раз повнимательнее приглядеться к стенам в собственной ванной, туалете, на даче или в подвальных помещениях.
Когда в 18-м веке биолог Карл Линней составлял свою знаменитую "Систему Природы", грибы он поместил в категорию "Хаос" (с греч. "первобытный мрак, из которого возник мир").
В рамках эксперимента "Биориск" три капсулы со спорами плесневых грибов Пенициллум, Аспергилус и Кладоспориум вывели в открытый космос и прикрепили к обшивке орбитальной станции. Результаты исследования оказались сенсационными. Споры плесневых грибов, которые полтора года находились в условиях открытого космоса, выжили. Более того, космическая плесень мутировала, она стала гораздо агрессивнее и устойчивее. Там, где погиб бы любой живой организм, плесень стала еще сильнее.
Грибки могут расти на самых разных поверхностях – животного или растительного происхождения, на живом и мертвом материале. Ученые находили их даже на ракетном топливе. Плесень – единственный из простейших организмов, способный размножаться половым путем. Колония плесени делится на разнополых особей. Такой способ размножения дает плесени надежду на выживание и эволюцию в быстро меняющемся мире. Ученые уверены: даже если произойдет глобальная катастрофа, плесневые грибы не погибнут.
Text 5
Питательные свойства грибов
Ценность грибов как пищевого продукта связана со своеобразием их химического состава. В частности, основная часть углеводов содержится в них в форме гликогена - животного крахмала, подобно тому, который откладывается в печени животных. Данные химического состава грибов показывают, что они содержат все необходимые организму человека вещества (белки, жиры, углеводы, минеральные соли, витамины), имеют низкую калорийность, однако даже в небольшом количестве вызывают чувство сытости. В состав грибов входят азотистые вещества, в том числе белковые соединения. Азотистых веществ в них больше, чем в мясе, яйцах, горохе, ржи. Одни виды грибов богаче белками, другие несколько беднее. Белковые вещества в грибах распределены неравномерно. В шляпках их больше, чем в ножках.
Грибы являются настоящей кладовой полезных веществ, поэтому вегетарианские рецепты блюд с грибами заслуживают особого внимания. Количество белков в свежих грибах достигает 2–5%, а в сушеных – 16–25%. По содержанию белка и составу аминокислот грибы ближе к ценным овощам, чем к мясу. В телах грибов обнаружено 18 аминокислот, восемь из которых являются незаменимыми, так как не могут образовываться в человеческом организме и поступают только с пищей. Ценные вкусовые и питательные свойства съедобных грибов объясняются составом их плодовых тел. В грибных клетках и тканях содержится много воды - 80-90%. Сухое же вещество представлено преимущественно белками. Этим-то и оправдывается распространенное название грибов "лесное мясо". Это ставит грибы в ряд особенно важных продуктов питания. Опорной частью грибных тканей является грибная клетчатка, которая содержит сложный белок фунгин, или мицетин, - вещество, идентичное хитину, из которого состоят надкрылья жуков, панцирь ракообразных.
Speaking and writing