1.Form nouns and adjectives from the verbs given. Pay attention to the suffixes.

noun	verb	adjective
	apply
	mature
	observe
	contaminate
	discover
	eliminate
	replace
	consume
	know
	brew

2.Match definition in a to the word in b.

A		B
1	yield	a	to collect a crop
2	yeast	b	powder made by crashing grains
3	lack	c	fungi used for making bread or beer
4	to discard	d	cows and bulls
5	cattle	e	to get rid of smth
6	flour	f	an amount of crop produced
7	to harvest	g	when you don`t have enough of smth you need

3. Look at the picture and label parts of the mushroom.

Cap, ring, volva, gills, mycelium, stem, spores, hypha.

4.Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.

obtain hemicelluloses disease absorb extracellularly carbon dioxide insoluble source

Unlike green plants, which use ........................... and light as sources of carbon and energy, respectively, fungi meet these two requirements by assimilating preformed organic matter; carbohydrates are the preferred nutrient ...................... Fungi can readily ....................... and metabolize a variety of soluble carbohydrates, such as glucose, xylose, sucrose, and fructose, but are also characteristically well equipped to use ..................... carbohydrates like starches, cellulose, ........................., and lignin. To do so, they must first digest these polymers .......................... Saprobic fungi ................................. their food from dead organic material; parasitic fungi do so by feeding on living organisms (usually plants), thus causing ...........................

Working with word combinations and sentences

5.Give English equivalents to the following word combinations.

Составлять отдельное царство, общие характеристики, вегетативный рост, многочисленные грибы, широкое применение, хлебная плесень, разветвленные волокна, жесткие стенка клетки, размножаться почкованием, замедлять рост, неизбежное загрязнение, чашки петри подлежащие уничтожению, загадочное заболевание, потребление ржаного хлеба, уничтожить болезнь, зерно ржи, ядовитые органические соединения, собирать зерно, пасти скот, выпускать споры, сокращение урожайности, контролировать кровотечение, батон дрожжевого хлеба, кисть винограда, фундаментальные знания, пивные дрожжи, заложить основу.

6.Read definitions and write names of the mushroom`s parts.

part	definition
	Microscopic seeds acting as reproductive agents; they are usually released into the air and fall on a substrate to produce a new mushroom.
	Axis supporting the mushroom’s cap.
	Fertile spore-producing part of the mushroom, located under the cap.
	Tangle of hyphae created through spore germination, from which the aboveground part of the mushroom develops.
	Microscopic filament, often white, that draws water and the organic matter necessary for mushroom development.
	Remnant of a membrane that completely covered the immature mushroom and ruptured as the stem grew.
	Membrane located under the cap and circling the stem; remnant of a membrane that covered the gills of the immature mushroom and ruptured as the cap grew.
	Differently shaped and colored upper part of the mushroom that protects the gills; it usually resembles a headdress, hence its name.