Миньяр-Белоручев Курс устного перевода

P.K. MUHhSlp-lieJlopyqeB

<IlpaH~y3cKHii

H3bII\

KYPC

YCTHOrO DEPEBO~

Ylle6110e noco6ue ()JlR 6y306

H3ôaHue 6mOpOe, cmepeOmUnHOe

H3dame.nbcm60

«3K3AMEH»

MOCKBA

2005

Y~K 378:811.111

EEK 81.2AHrJI-923

M61

PeKOMeH006aHO KarjJeopou nepe600a MOCKOBCKO.'O I/('()(J,'O- ZU'leCKOZO yHu6epcumema.

llSleT C060H ylfe6Hoe noc06He MSI Sl3bIKOBblX By30B H <paKyJlbTeTOB HHocrpaHHbIx Sl3bIKOB, a TaK)I(e )lJl1l cneUHaJJH3HpOBaHHbIX YQe6HblX 3aBe)leHHH THna rHMHaJHH, mlUeeB H KOnne)l)l(eH, roTOBlIlllHX nepeBO)lttHKOB. Ytte6HHK yCTHoro nepeBO)la MO)l(eT cny)l(HTb MO)lenbIO )lnSl 06ytteHH" yCTHoMy nepeBO)ly C Hcnonb30BaHHeM )lpyrHX HHocrpaHHblx "3bIKOB.

Y,ll;K 378:811.111

GGK 81.2AHr~-923

1l0JtnHcaHO B ne'!aTbc JtHan03HTHBOB 10.06.2005. <l>opMaT 84x 108/32 . rapHHTypa «TaHMC». 6yMara o<jJceTHali. Y'!.-H3Jt. n. 6,28.

Ycn . ne'!. n. 8,40. THpalK 5000 3K3. 3aKa3 N2 1874.

CO,nEP)KAHUE

nPE~HC~OB"E ______________________________ 5

3

A<lIPI1KaHcKoro EJ).HHcTBa. <I>paHUy3cKI1H >KypHaJI

«HayKa H )l{lf3Hb». YHJIbliM XorapT. TIpaBHJIO

3anl1CI1 oTPI1UaHHn. COKpaweHlfll, nplfIDITble

B nHCbMeHHblX TeKcTax ________ ____ 151

4

nPE)J:HCJIOBHE

HaCTOlUlUlli )"Ie6HHK npe,nHa3HatfeH )l)IlI nepBoro :nana 06)"1eHHlI yCTHOM)'nepeBO.ny C <fJpaHU)'3CKOro1I3bIKa Ha pyCCKHH H C pyCCKOro Ha <fJpaHU)'3CKHH.CYllleCTByIOUlHH )')KeMHOro JIeT H XopoWO ce611 3apeKOMeH,nOBaBWHH )"Ie6HHK «Kypc nepeBo,na» BT. faKa H 10.11. JIbBHH )"IHT nHCbMeHHOM)'nepeBO.ny, HeCMOTPlI Ha TO, tfro OT,neJIbHble TeKCThI aBropbl peKOMeH.nYIOT nepeBO,nHTb yCTHO. B )"Ie6HHKe Br. faKa H 10.11. JIbBHH ynpIDKHeHHll B yCTHOM nepeBO,ne 06)"1aIOT nHcbMeHHoM)'nepeBo,ny, TaK-

)I<e KaK B HacrollUleM )"Ie6HHKe ynpIDKHeHHlI B nHCbMeHHOM nepeBo,ne nOMoraIOT <fJoPMHpOBaTh HaBblKH H YMeHHlI yCTHOro nepeBo,na. nHCbMeHHblH H yCTHbIH nepeBo,nbl KaK BH.nbI ,nellTeJlbHOCTH He MOryr COBna,naTb, TaK KaK He COBna,naIOT yCJIOBHlI, B KOropblX <fJYHKUHOHHPyIOT BIDKHeHWHe YMCTBeHHble MeXaHH3MbT nepeBo,ntfHKa. AHaJIH3 3THX yCJIOBHH nOKa3bIBaeT, tfTO yCTHblH nepeBO,n OTJlHtfaeTClI OT nHCbMeHHoro HMeHHO YCJIO)lŒeHHbTMH, a HHor.na H 3KCTPeMaJIbHbTMH yCJIOBHlIMH, B KOropbIX ,neHCTByeT nepeBo,ntfHK (HanpHMep, CHHXpOHHblH nepeBO,n).

3TO OTJlHtfHe no,nTBep)l(,naeT nepeBo,ntfeCKall npaKTHKa: eCTb OTJlH'iHblenHCbMeHHble nepeBo,ntfHKH, He pHcKyIOLUHe BblcrynaTb B KatfeCTBe yCTHblX nepeBo,ntfHKOB, eCTb npo<fJeccHOHaJIbHble yCTHble nepeBO,ntfHKH, HHKor,na He pa60TaIOLUHe B nHCbMeHHOM nepeBO)l.e. bOJlee Toro, )l.a)l(e B yCTHOM nepeBo,ne pa3J1HtfaIOTClI pa3HbTe ypOBHH KBaJIH- <fJHKaUHH: yCTHble nepeBO)l.tfHKH-m,nbl, yCTHble nepeBOJltfHKH, BJlaJleIOLUHe CHCTeMOH 3anHCH, a nOToMy pa60TaIOLUHe B nOCJIe,nOBaTeJlbHOM nepeBo,ne, H CHHXpOHHble nepeBOJltfHKH.

CaMo C060H pa3yMeeTclI, tfTO H rOTOBHTb nHCbMeHHblX H yCTHblX nepeBo,ntfHKOB CJleJlyeT no-pa3HoMy. HacTollUlHH ytfe6HHK npe,nHa3HatfeH ,nJlll no,nrOTOBKH yCTHblX nepeBo,n'lHKOB,H n03ToMy OH BKJIIO- 'laeTynpa)l(HeHHJI, <fJOpMHpyIOUlHe HaBblKH H yMeHHJI H 0TPa6aTblBaIOLUHe JlHHrBHCTHtfeCKHe TPy,nHOCTH yCTHoro nepeBo,na. KpOMe Toro, B )"Ie6HHKe ytfHTblBaeTClI, tfTO nOtfTH BceM yCTHblM nepeBo,ntfHKaM B TOH HJlH HHOH CTeneHH npHXO,UHTClI CTaJJKHBaTbClI C 06UleCT- BeHHO-nOJIHTHtfeCKOH TeMaTHKOH, KOTopall H HaXO,UHT CBoe 0TPa)l(e- HHe B TeKCTax H KOMMeHTapHlIX ypOKOB.

Ytfe6HHK «<I>paHU)'3CKHH lI3bIK. Kypc yCTHoro nepeBo,na» paCCtfHTaH Ha )"IaUlHXClI nepeBO,U'leCKHX<fJaKYJIbTeTOB, ycnewHo npowe,UwHX 1I3b1KOByIO no,nrOTOBKY B o61,eMe He MeHee .noyx KypCOB lI3bIKOBblX ByJOB.

5

Ero KOHelfH(UI UeJlb - nO.ll,fOTOBHTb yqalQUXCl! K .llByM CaMblM CnO)!(HbIM BH.llaM yCTHOro nepeBO.lla: nOCne.llOBaTeJlbHOMY H CHHXpOHHOMy.

nOCne.llOBaTenbHLIH H CHUXpOHHblH nepeBO.llbl TPe6yJOT OT nepeBO.lllfHKa pa3nWlHblX HaBblKOB H YMeHHH. nOCne.llOBaTenLHblH nepeBO.ll - :no yCTHblH nepeBO.ll, oCylQeCTBnReMLIH npH nOMOlQH CHCTeMbl 3anHCeH nocne npOH3HeCeHHR pelfH OpaTOpa. n03TOMy MR nOCne.llOBaTenLHoro nepeBO.lla Heo6xo.llHMO 3HaTL cHcTeMy 3anHCeH, HMen XOpOillO pa3BHTyJO naMRTL H HaBblKH H yMeHHlI OpaTOpa. CHHXpOHHblH nepeBO.ll - 3TO yCTHLIH nepeBO.ll, oCylQeCTBnl!eMblH B npouecce pelfH OpaTOpa. n03TOMy Ml! CHHXpoHHoro nepeBO.lllfHKa Ba)!(HO OTPa60TaTL HaBblKH CHHXpOHH3aUHH CnyxOBOH peuenUHH H pelfH, HeHTPanH3aUHH apTHKynRUHH npH BocnpHRTHH H nepeKnJOlfeHHR C O.llHOrO R3LIKa Ha .llpyroH B 3KCTPeManLHLIX BpeMeHHLIX ycnOBI1l!x.

Ho y H CHHxpoHHoro H nOCne.llOBaTenLHoro nepeBO.llOB HMeeTCl! uenLIH KOMnneKC 06UUiX HaBLIKOB If yMeHHH, KOTopLle He06xo.llHMLI Ml! nJ060ro BIf.lla yCTHOro nepeBO.lla. <I>opMHpoBaHIfJO 06lQHX .llnl! yCTHoro nepeBO.lla HaBblKOB H nOCBl!lQeH .llaHHLIH yqe6HHK.

Kypc yCTHoro nepeBO.lla HMeeT noypolfHyJO CTPyKTypy. Ka)!(.llblH ypOK pacclfHTaH npHMepHO Ha 6 lfaCOB pa60TbI, If3 KOTOpblX lfeTLlpe lfaca B ay.llHTOpHH H .llBa .llOMa. YpOK CO.llep)!(HT 10 naparpa<jJoB HnH ynpa)!(HeHHH. naparpa<l>b1 HnH ynpa)!(HeHHR MO)!(HO pa3.llenHTL Ha 03HaKOMHTenLHLle, TPeHHpOBOlfHLle H KOHTPonLHble. B 03HaKOMHTenLHblX ynpa)!(HeHHRX CO.llep)!(HTCR HH<I>opMaUHl!, KOTOpyJO none3HO 3HaTL nepeBO.lllfHKy. 3a.llaHHR TaKHX ynpa)!(HeHHH npe.llnaraJOT yqalQHMCl! 03HaKOMHTLCl! C HOBLIM MaTepHanOM HnH 3anOMHHTL ero. TaKHe ynpa)!(HeHHl! npe.llHa3HalfeHbI Ml! pa60TLI .llOMa.

TpeHHpOBOlfHo-npaKTHlfecKHe ynpa)!(HeHIfl! oTPa6aThiBaJOT nH60 OT.llenbHble HaBLIKH nepeBO.lla, nH60 TOT HnH HHOH BH.ll nepeBO.lla B uenOM. npH npOBe.lleHHH TPeHHpOBOlfHo-npaKTHlfeCKHX ynpa)!(HeHHH, KOTopble ueneco06pa3HO npOBO.llHTb B nHHra<l>oHHoM Ka6HHeTe npH O.llHOBpeMeHHoH pa60Te Bcex yqalQHXCl!, npenO.llaBaTenL HMeeT TaK- )!(e B03MO)!(HOCTb KOHTponHpOBaTL ypoBeHL HX nO.llrOTOBKH, He3aMeTHO nO.llKnJOlfaTLCl! K O.llHOH H3 Ka6HH.

KOHTPOJJbHble naparpa<jJLI, KOTopLle TaK H HaJLIBaJOTCR, BKnJOlJaJOT BonpOCLI HnH 3a.llaHHl!, HMeJOlQHe uenLJO Bbll!CHHTL CTeneHL yCBoeHI1R yqalQHMHCl! npOH.lleHHOrO MaTepHana H 06paTHTL Ha HHX BHHMaHHe. <l>yHKUHH KOHTPonR B03JlO)!(eHbI, KpOMe Toro, Ha cnpaBOlfHblH paJ.n;en, r.lle KOMMeHTHpYJOTCR nHHrBHCTWleCKHe TPy.n;HOCTH, 06bl!CHRJOTCl! HaUHOHanLHble peanl1H H r.lle npHBO.llRTCR 06pa3QLI peilleHHH .llJlR HeKO-

6

TOpblX ynpa)/(HeHHM:. CnpaBOlJHbJe paJ.!leJ1bJ CO.!lep)/(aT, KpOMe TOro, H MeTO.!lHlJeCKHl% KOMMeHTapHH.

B ylJe6HHKe, KaK y)/(e rOBOpHJlOCb, 0TPa6aTblBaJOTCH 06IUHe HaBblKH H yMeHHH yCTHOro nepeBO.!la. HaH60Jlee Ba)/(HbIMH H3 HHX HBJlHJOTCH:

1. HaBblKH aY.!lHpOBaHHH IflpaHUY3CKOro TeKCTa, npe.!lHé13HalJeHHOrO

.!lJlH nepeBO.!la. HaBblKH aY.!lHpOBaHHH IflpaHuy3CKOH pelJH Bo06IUe y ylJaIUHXCH .!lOJ1)/(Hbl 6blTb y)/(e CIflOpMHpOBaHbJ. Ho O.!lHO .!leJ10 nOHHMaTb IflpaHuy3cKyJO yCTHyJO pelJb, a .!lpyroe - BocnpHHHMaTb ee Ha cnyx TaK, lJT06bl 6blJlO MO)/(HO nepeBeCTlt. B :nOM cnylJae Ha.!lO yMeTb Bbl.!leJ1HTb KJlJO'ieByJO HHlflopMaUIiJO, 3aKJlJOlJeHHyJO B TeKCTe, 3anOMHliTb npellH3HOHHbIe CJlOBa, paJ6HpaTbCH B KOHKpeTHblX H rpaMMaTHlJeCKHX TPY.!lHOCTHX, BCTPelJaeMblX B TeKCTax .!lJlH yCTHOro nepeBO.!la. I1MeHHo 3TH HaBblKH H yMeHHH OTPa6aTbiBaJOTCH B ylJe6HHKe. ,l1;rui 3TOro npe.!lycMOTPeHbl HeKOTopbJe cneUHaJJbHble ynpa)/(HeHHH.

-Ynpa)/(HeHHe «nepeBOJl-.!lHKTOBKa». Ynpa)/(HeHHe HalJaJJbHoro 3Tana. YlJaIUHeCH nHCbMeHHO nepeBO.!lHT Ha pyCCKHH H3blK IflpaHUY3CKHe Iflpa3bl, Ka)/(.!laH H3 KOTOpblX 3a'iHTblBaeTCH npenOJlaBaTeJleM OJlHH paJ. Day3bl Me)/(JlY lJTeHHeM Ka)/(.!lOH IflPaJbl CJle.!lyeT nOCTeneHHO COKpalllaTb, ylJHTblBaH, OJlHaKO, B03MO)/(HOCTb 60JlbUlHHCTBa ylJaIUHXCH. DocJle 3aBepUleHHH .!lHKTOBKH Bcero TeKCTa BapHaHTbl nepeBO.!la, npe.!lJlO)/(eHHble ylJaIUHMCH, 06CY)/(.!laJOTCH BceH rpynnoH .

-Ynpa)/(HeHHe B nOHHMaHHH 06IUeCTBeHHO-nOJlHTH'ieCKOH JleKCHKH, BocnpHHHMaeMOH Ha CJlyX. I1MeeTcH B BH.!ly yCTHblH nepeBO.!l He60JlbUlHX IflpaJ, B KOTOpblX COJlep)/(aTCH THnH'IHble .!lJlH 06UleCT- BeHHO-nOJlHTH'leCKHXTeKCTOB H3blKOBble TPY.!lHOCTH. 3TH TPYJlHOCTH Bbl.!leJleHbl B TeKCTax ynpa)/(HeHHH cneUHaJJbHo .!lJ1H npenOJlaBaTeJ1H. Ynpa)/(HeHHH peKOMeHJlyeTcH npOBOJlHTb B J1HHraIflOHHOM Ka6HHeTe. 3anHcaHHble Ha MarHHTolfloHHYJO JleHTy IflPaJbl (mm lJHTaeMble B MHKpolfloH npenO.!laBaTeJIeM), COCTaBJIHJOIUHe TeKCT ynpa)/(HeHHH, npe.!lJlaraJOTCH y'laIUHMCH,KOTopble MX TYT )/(e nepeBOJlHT. DpenoJlaBaTeJIb, KOHTPOJIHpyeT OJlHH H3 nepeBOJlOB H HanOMHHaeT npaBHJIbHblW BapHaHT nepeBOJla BbIJleJIeHHOH JIeKCHKH. DpaBHJIbHblH BapHaHT nepeBO.!la BbI.!leJIeHHOH JIeKCHKH MO)/(eT 6bITb 3apaHee 3anHcaH Ha TOH )/(e MarHHTHOH JIeHTe. B 3TOM CJIyqae ylJaIUHeCH MOryT JleJIaTb 3TO ynpa)/(HeHHe caMOCTOHTeJIbHO.

-DHCbMeHHblH nepeBOJl 3ByK03anl1CH npe.!lCTaBJIHeT C060H YHI1BepCaJJbHoe ynpa)/(HeHHe, KOTopoe CJIeJlyeT npaKTHKOBaTb B TelJeHHe nO'lTHBcero Kypca yCTHOro nepeBOJla. DpH 3TOM YCJIO)/(HHJOTCH TeKCTbJ, KOTopble nO.!lJle)/(aT nepeBOJlY. Ynpa)/(HeHHe HCnOJIb3yeTcH B

7

Ka'leCTBeilOMaUlHerO 3ailaHHlI. Y'IaUlHeCliMoryT CJlywaTb TeKCT HeOrpaHH'IeHHOe 'IHCJlO paJ H nepeBOilHTb ero no 'IaCTlIM. CJleilyeT npeilOCTepe'IbyqamHxcli OT nOnblTOK 3anHcaTb ilOCJlOBHO Ha cppaH - U)'3CKOM lI3bIKe TeKCT ynpa)l(HeHHlI: H 3aTeM nepeBO.!lHTb ero, KaK 06bI'lHO,npH 3pHTeJlbHOM BocnpHlITHH. B 3TOM CJlyqae 3Ha'IHTeJlbHO CHH)I(aeTCli 3cpcpeKTHBHOCTb ynpa)l(HeHHlI.

2. HaBbIKH TpaHccpopMaUHH. OepeBO.!l eCTb, BO MHorOM, HCKYCCTBO TPaHccpopMauHH H He TOJlbKO Me)l(bll3bIKOBOH, HO H BHYTpHll3bIKOBOH. B nOHCKax OnTHMaJIbHOro BapHaHTa nepeBO.!la nepeBO.!l'IHKnepe6HpaeT CHHOHHMbl , HmeT onHCaTeJlbHble 060POTbl , oT6paCblBaeT CJlOBa C nOBTopHOH HHcpopMaUHeH H T ..!l. ,[VIli Toro 'IT06bl3anOMHHTb BocnpHHHMaeMblH Ha CJlyx TeKCT, OH BbI.!leJllleT CJlOBa C KJl/O'leBOH HHcpopMaUHeH, npe06pa3yeT .!l1lHHHble pe'IeHHlI,HIlleT eMKHe JleKCH- 'IeCKHee.!lHHHUbl .!lJlll onopHbIX nyHKTOB naMlITH, .!lJlll 3anHceH B noCJle.!lOBaTellbHOM nepeBO.!le. B CHHXpOHHOM nepeBO.!le nepeBO.!l'lHKy 'IaCTO npHXO.!lHTCli KOMnpeCCHpOBaTb TeKCT, 'IT06bI He OTCTaTb OT opaTopa, BO Bcex CJlyqalix pa60Ta/OT HaBblKH TPaHccpopMaUHH TeKCTa .

B y'Ie6HHKe.!l1lll cpOpMHpOBaHHlI HaBblKOB TpaHccpopMaUHH npe.!lHa3Ha'IeHblCneUHaJIbHble ynpa)l(HeHHlI.

-Ynpa)l(HeHHe B TpaHccpopMaUHH . Y'lamHMCSInpe.!lJlaraeTCSI cnHCOK CJlOB H CJlOBOCO'IeTaHHH Ha pyCCKOM lI3bIKe, KOTopbIe CJle.!lyeT 3aMeHHTb CHHOHHMaMH HJlH onHCaTeJlbHblMH 060pOTaMH Ha pyCCKOM Sl3b1Ke.

-TpaHccpopMaUHOHHoe 'ITeHHe.Ynpa)l(HeHHe TaK)I(e He CO.!lep)l(HT Me)l(bll3blKOBoro nepeBO.!la. Y'lamHeCli .!lOJl)l(Hbl nepeCKa3aTb TeKCT ynpa)l(HeHHlI Ha pyCCKOM Sl3bIKe, He nepeBO.!lll, 3a HCKJl/O'leHHeMUHcpp H HeKOTopbIX .!lpyrux npeUH3HOHHblX CllOB, y)l(e HCnOJlb30BaHHbIe B TeKCTe CJlOBa. HanpHMep : «B A)lJJ.HC-A6e6e Ha'IaJIOCb COBemaHHe

KpaTKOH cpOpMyJlHpOBKOH. Ynpa)l(HeHHe npaKTI1KyeTcli Ha pyCCKOM H cppaHU)'3CKOMSl3bIKax.

3. HaBbIKI1 nepeKll/O'IeHHlIC O.!lHOro lI3bIKa Ha .!lpyroH. HaSbIKH 11 yMeHHlI 6bICTPO nepeXO.!lHTb C O.!lHOrO lI3bIKa Ha .!lpyroH, HaXO.!lHTb CpaJy HHOSl3bI"IHbIH 3KBI1BaJIeHT, COBMemaTb ceMaHTH'IeCKHeCHCTeMbI

8

,UByX S!3blKOB, COBepWeHHO He06xo,UJilMbl B yCTHOM nepeBO,Ue. 3TH HaBblKH H yMeHIDI OTPa6aTbIBaIOTCli B pll,Ue ynpmKHeHHH .

- Ynpa»ŒeHHe C 'ŒCJlHTeJlbHblMH. Ynpa)l(HeHHe OTPa6aTbIBaeT m6KOCTb MbllllJleHIDI B yCJlOBIDIX ,UByS!3bI4ID1. Ynpa)l(HeHHe HMeeT HeCKOJlbKO BapHaHTOB HCnOJlHeHHlI: 6erJloe 4Tem!e 4HCJlHTeJlbHblX, 3anHCb 4HCJlHTeJlbHbIX, BOCnpHHHMaeMblX Ha cnyx, KOTopble 4HTaIOTCS! Ha pyCCKOM S!3bIKe, yCTHblii nepeBO,U 4HCJlHTeJlbHblX npH ay,UHpOBaHHH.

-Ynpa)l(HeHHe C nOBTopeHIDIMH. Ynpa)l(HeHHe Ha4aJ1bHOrO :nana. HeO,UHOKpaTHoe nOBTopeHHe nepeBo,Ua cnoc06cTByeT 3anOMHHaHHIO KJIHWHpOBaHHblX Bblpa)l(eHHii Ha Q>paHl.\y3cKOM 1I3b1Ke.

-Ynpa)l(HeHHe B aBTOMaTH3HpOBaHHOM ynOTPe6J1eHHH 06lI.\eCT- BeHHO-nOJlHTH4eCKoii JleKCHKH C03,UaeT CBS!3H Me)l('uY JleKCH4eCKHMH e,UHHHUaMH pyccKoro H Q>paHu,y3cKoro 1I3bIKOB. Ynpa)l(HeHHe Bblpa6aTblBaeT Bep6arIbHytO peaKu,HIO Ha npe,UbS!BJleHHblH CTHMyJl.

-Ynpa)l(HeHHe C npeUH3HOHHblMH CJlOBaMH. IlpeUH3HOHHblMH CJlOBaMH S!BJllIIOTCSI CJlOBa, Tpe6ytOlI.\He oc06oii T04HOCTH B ynoTpe6-

JleHHH H yCHJlHH ,UJlS! HX y,Uep»ŒHHSI B naMS!TH. K npeu,H3HOHHblM CJlOBaM OTHOCS!TCS! 4HCJlHTeJlbHble (OHH Bbl,UeJleHbl B OT,UeJlbHOe ynpa)l(HeHHe), HMeHa c06CTBeHHble, ,UHH He,UeJlH, Ha3BaHHe MecS!u,eB. HeKOTopble HMeHa co6CTBeHHble (reorpaQ>H4eCKHe Ha3BaHHS!) Bbl,UeJllIlOTCli H OTPa6aTbIBaIOTCli Ha reorpaQ>H4eCKOH KapTe, 'leM,UOCTHraeTCli KOHKpeTH3aUIDI npeUH3HOHHoro CJlOBa, a, CJle,UOBaTeJlbHO, H C03)1aIOTCS! npe)lnOCblJlKH .lIJIS! y,Uep)l(aHHS! ero B naMliTH.

4. HaBblKH ynpaBJleHHS! pe4eBblMH MexaHH3MaMH. ITepeBo)l4HKy npHXO)lHTCS! pa60TaTb B pa3HblX yCJlOBHlIX: B CHHXpOHHOM nepeBo,Ue OH O,UHOBpeMeHHO H CJlywaeT, H rOBopHT, B nOCJle)lOBaTeJlbHOM nepeBo,Ue cJlywaeT H ,UeJlaeT 3anHCH, 4HTaeT 3anHCH H rOBopHT, y)lep)l(H- BaSi 4aCTb TeKCTa B naMS!TH H nO)lblCKHBaS! B ,UOJlrOBpeMeHHOH naMS!TH HHOSl3bl4Hble 3KBHBarIeHTbl, H T.,U. ITpH 3TOM pa60TalOT pa3J1H4Hble pe4eBble MexaHH3MbI. MMH HY)I(HO Hay4HTbclI ynpaBJlSlTb: HeiiTParIH30BaTb, B cJly4ae He06xo,UHMOCTH, nporOBapHBaHHe, Bbl)leJlSlTb KJlIO4eBylO HHQ>opMaUHIO H KOMnpeCCHpOBaTb nocrynalOlI.\HM TeKCT, nporH03HpOBaTb pe4b HCT04HHKa H T .n . YnpaBJlS!Tb pe4eBblMH MexaHH3MaMH B03MO)l(HO JlHWb npH Q>OpMHpOBaHHH COOTBeTCTBytOlI.\HX HaBblKOB, 4TO 06bl4HO ,UOCTHraeTCS! B npaKTHKe nepeBO)la. 3TOMy CneUHarIbHO cJly)l(aT )lBa ynpa)l(HeHHSI .

- Ynpa)l(HeHHe B 4TeHHH co C'leTOM.Y4aUlHecSi C4HTaIOT (Ha nepBblX 3aIDITHSIX no-pYCCKH, 3aTeM nO-Q>paHu,Y3CKH), np06eraSi rJla3aMH, Q>paHuy3cKHii TeKCT. Ilo HCTe4eHHH BpeMeHH, He06xo,UHMoro .lIJIS! 'lTeHHSITeKCTa, O)lHH H3 Y4alI.\HXCSI paCCKa3blBaeT ero cO)lep)l(aHHe .

9

- YnpalKHeHl1e B CnOIKHOM ay.u.HpoBaHHH. Ha 3TOT paJ y'law.Hecli C'lHTaIOTH o.u.HoBpeMeHHo cnywalOT 'lepe3HaywHHKH IPpaHUy3cKHM TeKCT. nOcJ1e npocnywHBaHIDI Bce yqaw.HeclI, KalK.u.bIM B CBOM MHKpOIPOH, nepe.u.alOT 06111ee co.u.eplKaHHe BocnpHHHMaeMoro TeKCTa. YnpaJKHeHHe nOCTeneHHO ycnolKHlIeTclI: CHa'lanay'law.HecliC'lHTaIOT no-pyccKH, nOTOM nO-lPpaHUy3cKH, 3aTeM npH ay.u.lipoBaHHH 'IHTaIOT Bcnyx pyCCKliM TeKCT H, HaKOHeu, IPpaHUy3cKHM TeKCT. YnpalKHeHHe BBO.u.HTClI B KOHue YQe6HliKa H npaKTHKyeTcli .u.o KOHua Kypca yCTHOro nepeBo.u.a.

5. HaBbIKI1 TeXHHKI1 yCTHOM pe'fli. nepeBo.u.'lHK.u.onlKeH 06J1a.u.aTb xopoweM .u.HKUHeM, BbICOKOM KynbrypoM yCTHOM pe'lH,yMeHlieM rpaMOTHO 3aBepwaTb RlO60e npe.ll.JlOlKeHHe, 3anonIDITb «nycTbIe MeCTa» H

.u.OMbIcnHBaTb HeBOCnpHHlITbIe orpe3KH pe'lH,HMeTb .u.ocTaTO'lHbIM3anac penpo.u.yKTHBHoro MaTepHana (3nHTeTb/, 06HXo.u.Hble pe'leHHlI,CHryaUHoHHbIe KnHwe). 3TOM ueJ1H CnylKHT 6onbwoe 'lHCnOynpalKHeHHM B TeXHHKe pelfH H pHTOpHlJeCKHX ynpalKHeHHM. K HHM OTHOCliTClI:

-cKoporoBopKH;

-BbIpaJliTenbHoe 'ITeHlie;

-nepelPopMynlipoBKa npe.u.nolKeHHlI;

-cHTyaUHoHHbIe BbICKaJbIBaHlill (no nOBo.u.y nplie3.u.a .u.eJ1eraUHM, HX OThe3.u.a, paJnHlJHbIX uepeMoHHM li T. .u..);

-3anonHeHHe nponycKoB B pe'lli;

-ynpalKHeHHe B npe06paJoBaHliH 3anliceM B pe'lb. EonbwHHcTBO ynpaJKHeHliM MOryT npaKTHKOBaTbClI KaK .u.OMa, TaK

H B Knacce.

KpoMe onHcaHHbIX no.u.rOTOBliTenbHblX ynpalKHeHliM, y'law.HeCli nonyqalOT npaKTHKy B TaKliX Bli.u.ax nepeBo.u.a KaK nepeBo.u. CnHCTa li a63aUHo-lPpaJOBbIH nepeBo.u.. 3Tli Bli.u.bI nepeBo.u.a HMelOT He TonbKO caMOCTOliTenbHoe 3HalfeHHe, HO H COBepweHcTBylOT MHorHe HaBb/KH H yMeHH1I yCTHoro nepeBo.u.a.

B KOHue ylfe6HliKa ylfaw.lieClI nony'lalOTHeKOTopoe nOHliTHe 0 3anHCH B nocne.u.OBaTenbHOM nepeBo.u.e H np06YlQT CBOli ClinbI B npoCTeHweM CHHXpOHHOM nepeBo.u.e. ,IVIli OBJ1a.u.eHlili 3anl1ClIMH B nocne-

.u.OBaTenbHOM nepeBo.u.e y'law.HeClIMOryT HCn0J1b30BaTb yqe6HHK aBTopa 3TOH KHHrli «3anHCH B nocne.u.OBaTenbHOM nepeBo.u.e». <l>opMHpoBaHHe HaBbIKOB li yMeHHH CHHxpOHHoro nepeBo.u.a 3aBepwaeTCli B Ka6HHax nHHralPOHHOrO Ka6liHeTa Ha TeKCTax COOTseTCTBylOw.dî TeMaTHKH.

10