(or dangling). The microvascular free transfer

7.

Rumalla VK, Borah GL. Cytokines, growth factors, and

flap, also referred to as a free flap, has both the

8.

plastic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;108:719-733

vascular supply and skin interrupted. The vas-

Nwometh BC, Olutoye OO, Diegelmann RF, et al. The

basic biology of wound healing. J Surg Pathol. 1997;2:

cular supply is then reestablished at the recipi-

143-162

ent site.

9.

Gupta S,Lawrence WT.Wound healing: normal and abnor-

Again, there is confusion in terminology. In

mal mechanisms and closure techniques.In: O’Leary JP,ed.

genitourinary reconstructive surgical proce-

The Physiologic Basis for Surgery. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA:

dures, we tend to use the term island flap. As

10.

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008

already mentioned, a true island flap is elevated

Barrientos S, Stojadinovic O, Golinko MS, et al. Growth

factors and cytokines in wound healing. Wound Repair

on dangling vessels. The usual case, however, is

Regen. 2008;16(5):585-601

that a skin island or paddle is elevated either on

11.

Ethridge R, Leong M, Phillips LG. Wound healing. In:

the muscle, as in the gracilis musculocutaneous

Townsend CM, ed. Sabiston’s Textbook of Surgery. 18th

flap, or on the fascia, as in local genital skin flaps

ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2007

(Fig. 19.11). The term island flap is not synony-

12.

Kavitha O, Thampan RV. Factors influencing collagen

mous with the terms skin island and skin paddle.

13.

biosynthesis. J Cell Biochem. 2008;104(4):1150-1160

Interest continues in the use of tissue-cultured,

Thackham JA, McElwain DL, Long RJ. The use of hyper-

baric oxygen therapy to treat chronic wounds: a review.

or engineered, grafts. The likelihood of being

Wound Repair Regen. 2008;16(3):321-330

able to successfully use cultured media is right

14.

Fine NA, Mustoe TA. Wound healing. In Greenfield’s

around the corner.

Surgery: Scientific Principles and Practice, 4th ed.

Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2006

15.

Jordan GH, McCraw JB. Tissue transfer techniques for

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