- •Т. Н. Суша Лингвистические основы лексикографии
- •Минск 1999
- •Introduction 56
- •In the Introduction the major linguistic problems of dictionary-making arc outlined; some of the linguistic/lexicographical terms are explained; and points for discussion are formulated.
- •I am grateful to Galina Kulbatskaya, Olga Petrova and Eugene Sologtibov, whose assistance in typing the manuscript greatly facilitated publication.
- •Introduction
- •Ipa International Phonetic Alphabet, International Phonetic
- •Inflectional endings it may have or the number of words it may contain. A lexeme is an abstract unit;
- •A) knowing how a word is pronounced;
- •The grammatical patterns with which a word is used;
- •The meaning or meanings of the word;
- •Discussion
- •1. Лексикография сегодня
- •2. Статичность словаря и динамичность языка
- •3. Словарь как справочник и как учебное пособие
- •4. Словарь и грамматика
- •38 Интегральным.
- •5. Лексикографические портреты и типы: перспектива
- •1. Lexicography as scientific practice and as the subject of a general theory of lexicography
- •The second field of activity includes all the activities involved in establishing a dictionary base and in processing this base in a lexicographical file.
- •The third field of activity includes all the activities concerned directly with the writing of dictionary texts and thus with the writing of the dictionary.
- •2. Sketch of the struc ture and contents of a general theory of lexicography
- •1St component purposes of dictionaries
- •1St component data collection
- •2Nd component data processing
- •Discussion
- •In what way does the author characterize the subject matter of linguistic lexicography?
- •1. The linguistic basis of lexicography
- •2. Lexicography and lexical description
- •It is true, of course, that standards of appropriateness in language are not
- •3. The lexeme as the basic unit in dictionary-making
- •In lexicography, semantic relationships of this kind are not always (or cannot
- •51 To the contexts in which they are used, For the same reason, it is not always possible to draw a clear dividing line between the dictionary and the encyclopaedia.
- •5. The metalanguage of lexicography
- •6. What are dictionaries for?
- •In 1854 the famous German linguist, grammarian and lexicographer Jacob
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Contrastive linguistics and its divisions
- •2.1. General Contrastive Analysis
- •2.2. Special Divisions of Contrastive Linguistics
- •3.1 Contrastive Phonology
- •3.2. Contrastive Graphology
- •3.3. Contrastive Lexicology
- •4. Open questions
- •Discussion
- •The bilingual dictionary5
- •1. The purpose of the bilingual dictionary
- •2. The anisomorphism of languages
- •3. Collection of material
- •4. Selection of entries
- •If the dictionary is intended to help to generate German texts, the lexical meanings of the German equivalent will have to be specified, for example in the following way:
- •It is probably not necessary to describe the different possible entries of a German-Chinese dictionary.
- •Old method, old custom, old dream, old archive;
- •Old industry equipment, old material, old clothes, old house.
- •81 Accompanied by examples or not). One can assume that the entry could have a form like the following one:
- •British and american lexicography6
- •I've selected twelve pairs of items of which there is {I trust) one American equivalent
- •Items all reflect what you might call the terminology of everyday life — the everyday
- •3Rinsh and American English. Nevertheless, some conclusions can be drawn from it.
- •Conclusion
- •Discussion
- •Is thematic ordering an alternative to alphabetical ordering in word books?
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОКРЛЗОВЛНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ
МИНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
Т. Н. Суша Лингвистические основы лексикографии
Допущено Министерством образования Республики Беларусь и качестве учебною пособия для студентов высших учебных шведеиий, обучающихся по специальности ,.Современные иностранные языки"
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Минск 1999
УДК 802.0-3 ББК 81.2Ан С917
Рекомендовано Советам Минского государственного лингвистичеем университета
Р е ц е н з с н т ы : кафедра английского языка факультета международных отношений Белорусского государственного университета. А.Е. Михнсвич, доктор филологических наук, профессор (Белорусский институт проблем культуры)
Суша Т.Н.
Лингвистические основы лексикографии; Учебное пособие Мн.: МГЛУ, 1999 - ПО с.
Учебное пособие 'знакомит студентов с лингвистическими основами лексикографии и предлагает для анализа различные словари английского языка , Предназначается для студентов факультетов иностранных языков вузов.
УДК 802,0-3 ББК 81.2Ан
© Минский государственный
лингвистический университет, 1999 © Т.Н.Суша, 1999
CONTENTS
PREFACE 5
INTRODUCTION 7
READER 15
Ю.Д. Апресян Лексикографическая концепция Нового Большою
англо-русского словаря 15
Лексикография сегодня 15
Статичность словаря и динамичность языка 23
Словарь как справочник и как учебное пособие 36
Словарь и грамматика 38
Лексикографические портреты н типы: перспектива 39
Н.Е. Wiegand. On the Structure and Contents of a Genera! Theory of
Lexicography 42
1, Lexicography as scientific practice and as the subject of a general theory of lexicography 42
2. Sketch of the structure and contents of a genera] theory of lexicography 43
R.R.K. llartmann On Theory and Practice m Dictionary-making 47
The linguistic basis of lexicography 47
Lexicography and lexical description 48
The lexeme as the basic unit in dictionary-making 50
All-inclusive and segmental dictionaries 51
The metalanguage of lexicography 52
What are dictionaries for? 53
R.R,K. Hartmann. Contrastive Linguistics and Bilingual Lexicography 56
Introduction 56
Contrastive linguistics and its divisions .56
Contrastive linguistics applied to bilingual lexicography 59
Open questions 63
Selected bibliography .64
L. Zgusta. The Bilingual Dictionary
The purpose of the bilingual dictionary 6я
The anisomorphism of languages
Collecrion of material rf-'
Selection of entries "2
The equivalent л?
R. Ilson. British and American Lexicography 83
RECOMMENDED DICTIONARIES 10:
LIST OF BOOKS CITED 109
PREFACE
The present manual is compiled to meet the needs of students taking a course in English Lexicology.
It is common knowledge that instruction in the vise of a dictionary is one of the basic components of any language teaching. In seeking guidance about the lexicon of a language and its items, no book is more widely used and appreciated than a dictionary.
However, the problems of dictionary use, dictionary research and dictionary-making are not given adequate coverage in the university curriculum and sometimes are not given any attention at all. At present lexicography is a constituent part of the lexicology syllabus.
Knowledge of the problems of lexicography and its linguistic basis is essential for future teachers and linguists. The present publication introduces students to the ideas and directions in present-day lexicography.
The structure and the contents of the textbook are determined by its pedagogical purpose:
to outline the major linguistic problems that have a direct impact on lexicographical work;
to show the contribution and relevance of linguistic study to lexicography;
to define basic tenns pertaining to lexicography,
to acquaint the students with the main types of English dictionaries.
The manual consists of three parts: Introduction, Reader and Recommended Dictionaries.