- •Part I: Shaft Sinking and Drifting
- •1.1. Remember the following words.
- •1.6. Translate paragraph 5 and 6 from the text above in writing using a dictionary.
- •1.7. Answer the following questions.
- •1.8. Match the terms and their definitions.
- •1.9. Give a short summary of the text using the following phrases:
- •1.10. Reproduce the dialogue.
- •2.2. Find in the text given below English equivalents to the Russian phrases.
- •2.3. Find pairs of antonyms.
- •2.4. Read and choose the proper title to the text given below.
- •2.10 Read and choose the proper title to the text given below.
- •2.11 Complete the sentences with some suitable parts.
- •2.12 Match the terms and their definitions.
- •2.13 Read and memorize the words.
- •2.15. Analyze and translate the derivatives.
- •2.16. Read and choose the proper title to the text given below.
- •2.17. Translate into English.
- •2.18. Translate in writing 1 and 2 from the text given above.
- •3.1. Read and memorize the words.
- •Explosives. Historical Note
- •3.7. Answer the questions to the text.
- •3.8. Read and memorize the words.
- •3.9. Read the text “Commercial Explosives” and answer the following questions.
- •Commercial Explosives
- •3.10. Translate in writing the text given below. If necessary use a dictionary. Storing and Handling Explosives
- •3.11. Reproduce the dialogue.
- •Part II: Tunneling
- •1.1. Read and try to memorize the words.
- •1.2. Read and recognize the following international words.
- •1.3. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •1.4. Read the text “Tunnel Basic” and answer the following questions.
- •Tunnel Basic
- •1.5 Look at Figure II and try to speak about forces interacting to produce equilibrium on a tunnel.
- •1.6 Look through the text once again, find sentences with the Infinitive and translate them.
- •1.7. Read the text “Major Types of Tunnels” and find the answers to the following questions.
- •Major Types of Tunnels
- •1.8. Look through the text once again and complete the table. Discuss the results you have obtained with your group-mates. Types of tunnels
- •1.9. Match English and Russian phrases. Write down your answers.
- •From the history of tunneling
- •Milestones in the history of tunneling
- •1.14. Summarize the text given above using expressions (page 67).
- •1.15. Study the text “Tools and Techniques” and complete the table.
- •Tools and Techniques
- •1.16. Are the following statements false or true? Write down your answers.
- •1.17. Match the words in a with their synonyms in b. Write down your answers.
- •Holland Tunnel
- •Inside a Holland Tunnel ventilation tower Underground Canal
- •Thames Tunnel
- •2.1. Read and try to memorize the words and word-combinations.
- •2.2. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •2.3. Study the text “Tunnel Planning”. Try to understand as much information as you can. Tunnel Planning
- •2.4. Change the form of the word so that it could be filled in the blank space in the sentence.
- •2.5. Write a short summary of the text you have read using the following as a plan.
- •2.6. Discuss with your group-mates the process of a tunnel planning. The following phrases will help you.
- •2.7. Before reading the text “Types of Tunnels and Construction Methods” study the table and say what construction methods are used in each of the three environments. Make use of the Model.
- •Drilling and blasting (d&b) method
- •Natm New Austrian Tunneling Method (natm)
- •2.13. Translate the following text in written form with a dictionary. Try to manage within 15 minutes. Tunnel Boring Machine (tbm) method
- •2.14. Match the words in a with their synonyms in b. Write down the answers.
- •2.15. Match the words in a with their antonyms in b. Write down the answers.
- •2.16. Click here to watch the video how tbm works in hard rock:
- •What is trenchless technology?
- •2.18. Skim the text once again and fill in the table. Discuss the results you have obtained with your group-mates.
- •2.19. Click here to watch the video about how trenchless piper replacement technology works.
- •2.20. Translate the following text in written form with a dictionary. Try to manage within 15 minutes. Shallow-buried Tunnel or Soft Soil Tunnel
- •2.21. Read and summarize the text “Underwater Tunnel” using expressions (page 67). Underwater Tunnel
- •Immersed-tube method
- •2.22. Look through the text once again and find sentences with Participle I and Participle II. Translate these sentences.
- •2.23. Look at the picture, think and organize the procedure of underwater tunnel construction in order.
- •3.1. Read and try to memorize the words.
- •3.2. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •3.3. Read the text “Tunnel Construction along the Road Adler – Krasnaya Polyana” and complite the table under it. Tunnel Construction along the Road Adler – Krasnaya Polyana
- •Tunnels Construction
- •3D model of the Tunnel system1
- •Severomuysky Tunnel
- •3.8. Match the words in a with their synonyms in b. Write down the answers.
- •3.9. Read the text “Gotthard Base Tunnel” and give its summary using expressions (page 67). Gotthard Base Tunnel (gbt)
- •3.9. Read the text “Miracle under the Alps” and write down the most interesting facts for you. Discuss the results you have obtained with your group-mates. Miracle under the Alps
- •3.9. Click here to watch photos from the construction site of the gbt.
- •3.10. Click here to watch video about the gbt. Speak about your impression about this project.
- •4.1. Read and try to memorize the words.
- •4.2. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •4.3. Translate the text “The future of tunnels” in written form with a dictionary. Try to manage within 25 minutes. The future of tunnels
- •Tunnel planned between Russia and usa
- •4.8. Look at the picture and render suggested information from Russian into English.
- •4.9. Click here to watch the video about tbMs which will be able to construct a tunnel under the Bering Strait:
3.10. Translate in writing the text given below. If necessary use a dictionary. Storing and Handling Explosives
Explosives and supplies should be stored in a dry, well-ventilated building that should be fire-proof if it contains only black powder but bulletproof if it contains high explosives. The magazine should be far enough from the nearest buildings to minimize danger to life or property from an accidental explosion. A stone or concrete magazine is undesirable because of the danger of flying missiles in case of an explosion. A brick or a wooden frame filled with sand, or a wood and iron magazine, is preferred.
At a mine, explosives and detonators should never be transported together. The amount of explosives taken into the mine and stored underground should be the minimum possible quantity. Only experienced men should be allowed to transport explosives and blasting supplies.
Caps may be carried in individual pockets in a canvas filler made to fit into a heavy leather sack. Explosives delivered at the collar of the shaft should be well insulated. The best way to carry explosives up a raise is to place them in a waterproof sack and to pull the sack up with a rope.
3.11. Reproduce the dialogue.
A. What kind of explosive is nitroglycerine? Is it used in our mines for blasting?
B. No, it is not, as it is very dangerous in handling.
A. Well, every explosive is dangerous as far as I know!
B. You cannot compare any explosive with nitroglycerine. I remember I have read a story from which it may be clearly understood what dangerous an explosive nitroglycerine is.
Long ago a company used nitroglycerine for drilling oil wells (скважина). And it was necessary to transport this explosive to the working place / it was done in specially equipped trucks, at night, along special roads. The driver had to be very careful. If he coughed loudly, nitroglycerine would blow out. If he ran over a stone in the darkness, nitroglycerine would blow out. That man did not return in time one night. And everybody at the office understood that the worst had happened. The bridge over which he had to go was blown out, and neither the truck nor body were found.
Part II: Tunneling
Unit 1. Tunnel Basic.
1.1. Read and try to memorize the words.
access |
n |
доступ |
carve |
v |
высекать из камня |
collapse |
n |
разрушение, падение |
continuous |
a |
непрерывный |
create |
v |
творить, создавать |
crown |
n |
наивысшая точка, вершина |
excavate |
v |
копать, рыть; добывать, проходить |
heading |
n |
штрек, горизонтальная выработка |
invert |
n |
дно |
load |
n |
нагрузка |
masonry |
n |
(каменная) кладка |
obstacle |
n |
препятствие |
passageway |
n |
проход, переход, выработка |
portal |
n |
главный вход, портал |
refer |
v |
относиться, ссылаться |
reliable |
a |
надежный |
remain |
v |
оставаться |
require |
v |
требовать |
setting |
n |
окружение |
support |
v |
крепить |
tube |
n |
труба, трубопровод |
vehicle |
n |
автомобиль, автотранспортное средство |
withstand |
v |
противостоять, выдерживать напряжение |